فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 34، بهار 1398)

Fao-Unep for control of desertification in world, suggested Provisional methodology for assessment and mapping of desertification and recommended to countries with this problem for edit and investigation. Thus, this method studied in Kashan basin that located North West of central Iran basin. In this research, five desertification processes studied: Degradation of plant cover, water erosion, wind erosion, soil salinity creation and reduce of sub ground water level. This processes investigated in two aspects: Status and inherent risk desertification. In status aspect of plant cover calculated plant cover, range quality and quantity. In inherent risk aspect calculated temperature and moisture regime and lands capacity. Maps of aspects divided four degrees: slight, medium, sever and very sever. The result show that the most area of basin is belongs to very sever class of desertification.

The program of this study was to investigate the spatial analysis of the effect of Lar Cement Factory in the Roudab section of Sabzevar city, with a resilient approach. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. To collect the required information in the theoretical part of the library method, fieldwork and questionnaire tools were used to collect the required data. At first, the effects of the construction of the factory in the department were identified and then the effects of the resilience approach were placed in four dimensions and a questionnaire was designed. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using the views and opinions of the experts and experts and the validity of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.94). The statistical population of the Roudab section of Sabzevar City in Khorasan Razavi province and the sample size were estimated by calculating the Cochran formula 365. The method of random sampling was simple. In this research, for analyzing the data in the descriptive statistics section of the mean and in the inferential statistics, multivariate linear regression was used in SPSS software as well as standardized modeling of structural equations in Lisrel software environment. The level of resilience of Lar Cement Factory in the sector of different dimensions and indicators was measured by analyzing the questionnaires and required calculating. According to the results, the average of the effects of the factory in various dimensions with a mean total of 3.07 affects the sector's resiliency. The results of the standardized structural equation modelling test showed that the established factory had the most impacts on the social dimension of resilience, the economic dimension of resilience, physical and, eventually, physical dimensions of resilience respectively. The results of linear regression show that the investigated effects explains 98% of the sector's resiliency.

Abstract Cities are the focal points that have accepted human beings, along with their different needs, and the highest human needs have been crystallized in it, objectively. Risk estimation and evaluation of seismic vulnerability from a city, consider important issues. In other words, risk is a combination of risk and vulnerability, and since vulnerability may take various forms such as life, functional, social, financial vulnerability or a combination of these, Risk estimation requires a comprehensive approach. And it is necessary to use a variety of methods, criteria and specialties in it. Consequently, the present study is based on the "developmental-applied" approach and, in terms of the research methodology, it is a combination of "descriptive, documentary, analytical, and field" methods. Thus, the necessary variables are collected and reviewed the relevant organizations, "Provincial Municipalities, Provincial Governorate, Statistics Center of Iran and Library Studies," by using the relevant variables in the two "social and physical indices". In the next step, the "VIKOR" and "TOPSIS" methods have been used with the spatial approach for analyzing the findings. Also, the software "ArcGIS, GRAFER8, VISIO, SPSS, MINITAB" and other necessary applications have been used to complete the information and appropriate outputs. The results of the research show that there is a large difference between the index and the cities from the vulnerable point of view. Because, the weight of the index is very different, which varied from (0) percent to (1) percent. Also, in terms of location, the TOPSIS value was 0.372 percent. Therefore, the magnitude of the vulnerability caused by the earthquake, in addition to its importance in crisis management, the need to examine it in different index is the necessities of urban planning.

This research has been conducted with the aim of studying the effects of native culture on the cultural impact of the university on social development planning in Qeshm Island. Parsens' theory, along with Jacobs and my left emphasis on the length of stay in a place that leads to the accumulation of identity and social capital, formed the theoretical framework for this research. A survey method and a questionnaire tool were used to collect data. The sampling, based on the Cochran formula, was estimated to be 348, so that valid responses to calculate the relationship between the variables were not less than the validity of the research To be supplied. The results showed that the average cultural impact of the university on the development of Qeshm Island in the range of 4 to 16 was 9/9, which is largely evaluated. There was a significant relationship between development of Qeshm Island and indigenous or non-homogeneous at 99% confidence level, while the relationship between the length of stay in Qeshm with the dependent variable that the impact of cultural dimensions of the university on the development of Qeshm Island was not significant. Therefore, native residence time can be considered as a potential positive development potential in regional development and planning. Factor analysis identified the questionnaires in four factors of economic investment, human resources, institutional management, and executive supervision in influencing development programs.

Iran is a multi-ethnic country there is a distinction between two indices of religion and language among the Iranian tribes and they divide them into several categories. There is no doubt that the issue of ethnicity and ethnicity is one of the most important issues and issues in contemporary Iran.  In this regard, the most important point in policymaking and ethnic management is the creation of a balance and compromise between national and ethnic affiliations. Participation of people in political, economic and social affairs is one of the major issues of sociology and political science; Political systems are based on public trust and the will of the people, and their continuity and authority depend on the participation and interference of the people.  According to this introduction, the main question of the present article is that what is the political and economic participation of the Iranian people in the management of the country in the security and development of the people and their convergence? The hypothesis we are trying to answer for this question is that seems that in the history of Iran, whenever the central government is concerned with ethnic groups and ethnic groups, our political structure has witnessed their participation and their alignment with the demands of the center's policies.  The present study is descriptive-survey. In the first instance, using library resources and research papers as well as other scientific sources, it is necessary to collect and analyze political and economic participation and ethnic literature. The Delphi method is then used to test the hypothesis of the research.  The findings of the paper show that encouraging Iranian ethnic groups to eliminate ethnic extreme nationalism and institutional organization provide a framework for systematic participation in the context of the political system and on the other hand, if the feeling of identity is different along with the sense of political-social deprivation can lead to security problems in the country. Also, the style of political management weight in terms of population size and feelings of economic and social deprivation towards the center in Iran can exacerbate the feeling of different identity in the ethnic groups.

Abstract The quality of life is one of the issues that have been studied in urban studies, including urban geography, urban, social sciences, psychology, economics, management, political science and… researchers. On this basis, in many developed countries planners are trying to display quality levels of life at different geographical levels to find optimal solutions for improving the quality of life in rural areas. This study examines the quality of urban life and its spatial differences in areas 1 and 19 Tehran. The present research method is based on thematic research and is descriptive - analytical and is considered in terms of applied purpose. The data collection method consists of documents (library) and survey (field) used in combination with qualitative and qualitative methods. According to the Cochran formula and according to the error coefficient of 5% for regions 1 and 19, 322 questionnaires were determined, formulated questionnaires were distributed among residents of two regions, and SPSSand GISsoftware were used to analyze the extracted data. The results show that between the two regions 1 and 19Tehran, spatial differences arise from the economic and social differences that exist between the two regions, and that makes a difference in the quality of life of the inhabitants of the two regions.

Sustainable development of the use of environment-friendly and non-polluting technologies is one of the most important methods. Reconstruction and development of historical textiles will help the local community to have a positive look at their own economic development. Old textures represent the city as an important part of the city. Old textures and historical collections in a city are based on a logical connection and linkage, which is one of the characteristics of traditional Iranian architecture. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and analyze the urban texture of the historical textures of Iranian cities, especially the historical context of Shiraz, considering their cultural and environmental conditions for sustainable development. The historical texture of cities and especially the city of Shiraz is very important in such a way that it can be said that the identity of Shiraz is not the villas around Shiraz, but its ancient and historical context; therefore, urban management and sustainable development of the historical context of the city is of great importance. According to this introduction, the question posed in this article is that considering the cultural and environmental conditions of the historical contexts of cities in Iran, and in particular in Shiraz, urban management, the historical context of cities should be how to achieve sustainable development consistent with culture and conditions Creating an environment The results of this paper show that due to the historical context, including the presence of spaces and elements of value alongside and contrasting with the spatial and non-valuable elements that have caused the loss of texture quality, increased burnout and inefficiency on the texture, the instability situation In various dimensions in the tissues. Therefore, if the management of historical texture with the optimal use of its components can act to organize the interior and texture elements and highlight the valuable features, it helps the process of sustainable city and the goals of sustainable cities. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic. The data collection method is also a library and the use of scientific-research papers. The data collection tool is a snapshot and uses tables and charts as well as maps. The data collection tool is a snapshot and uses tables and charts as well as maps.

Iran has always been referred to as a community with a wide variety of social cleavages, with a mosaic structure. Over the past decade, four generational, gender, ethnic, and religious social cleavages have been of great importance in Iran. One of the relatives who is a good subject for studying within the framework of ethnic and religious cleavages is the Turkmen people. Most Turkmens of Iran live in Golestan province, namely the cities of Gonbad, Bandar Turkmen and Marahteph. Turkmens are Sunni and Hanafi Muslims. The topic that is very important in this regard and the concern of this treatise is the effect of ethnic and religious cleavages on political participation in Golestan province. According to this introduction, the purpose of this essay is to explain and analyze the impact of ethnic and religious cleavages on political participation in Golestan province. The main question of the thesis is that what affects ethnicity and religion as two important cleavages in the whole of Iran, and in particular the Golestan province, on the level of political participation in the province as well as its orientations towards political parties and parties, as well as electoral slogans has it? The present research is a descriptive-survey method of correlational type in terms of type of target. The library method was mainly used to study the literature of the subject and to study the history of research and to learn about the experiences and understand the political participation as well as social gaps inside and outside Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire and multi-stage cluster sampling. We use the Morgan table to estimate sample size. The sample size was 150 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.88. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results of this thesis indicate that among the strengths of the ethnic and religious identity of the community studied, their interactions with other ethnic groups and religions, the feeling of less or more social inequality, and the sense of legitimacy of a stronger or weaker political system, and the level and type of political participation in there is a positive and significant relationship between the studied population.

The purpose of this paper is to explain the sustainable urban transport indicators using structural equations. Conceptual model of research The factors affecting the use of a suitable transportation system and the choice of a method among other modes of transportation, duration or speed, travel costs, timely travel, high safety, welfare and higher security of passengers And the attraction for them and the economic nature of a transport mode for mass journeys. The dimensions of sustainability of urban transport and its indicators are derived from the analysis of content content of the texts, including environmental, economic, social and physical. The purpose of this study was to explain the physical indicators of sustainable development and its role in planning urban transport networks. The method used in this research was descriptive, explanatory and analytical. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population was in two levels. At the first level, a number of experts and experts in the field of urban transport that included managers and experts of departments and organizations related to transportation and traffic in the municipality and city of Tehran, and secondly, all the citizens of Tehran who are from networks Urban transport (subway stations, one-line and two-rails) used. The method of sampling among citizens in a simple random sampling and sampling among experts and managers was deliberately used. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size. 147 questionnaires were distributed among officials and experts and 400 questionnaires. The statistical data were analyzed using LaserL and SPSS software. The findings showed that the research hypotheses were confirmed. The most effective physical indicators in sustainable urban transportFrom the perspective of citizens, the quality of life component has the largest share in the changes in the physical index, and the variable in access to the densely populated regions has the lowest share. The significance of the index of urban structure and development is 0.56. Since this value is not outside the range (96/1, 96/1), this index does not measure the hidden variable. The use of modern technologies and technology has the largest share in the changes in the planning of transportation networks, and the security variable in the use of transport system has the least contribution. In the view of the authorities, the price component of land has the largest share in the changes in the physical index and the variable access to the densely populated areas has the lowest share. The significance of urban structure and development is 0.95, which is within the range (1.96, 1.96, and 1.9), so it is not meaningful. Urban culture and discipline component and fulfillment of labor force obligations and efficiency have the largest share in planning changes in transportation networks and the security variable in using transport system has the lowest share.

Historically, cities have been a place to protect human beings against human and natural hazards. However, the widespread changes in cities over the last few decades and staggering concentration of urban centers have made cities as perilous places. Hence, the issue of securing citizens and defending all facilities ina smart and planned way has opened the route for the concept of non- operating urban defense. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structure of Bushehr city for non operational defense planning. The methodology of this research is descriptive – analytical, with a strategic approach aimed at providing non- factor security strategies appropriate to the geographic, economic, social and culural structures of Bushehr, due to its shared water borders with neighboring countries, this city is one of the most strategic cities of country which has been chosen as the case study of this research. After reviewing and analyzing the existing situation, SWOT model has been used,then operational strategies for creating and maintaining safety and security in this city was provided. The results of the research indicate that the current conditions in Bushehr lack a comprehensive defense plan to secure the city and citizens in critical situations and possible attacks by the enemy, and planners, urban managers and urban designers should plan defense plans. The non-operating factor is because the city has its critical and important centers of strategic significance and strategic depth as well as depth of influence and influence in order to realize the planning of passive defense, according to its strategic location.

The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the effect of innovative financing technologies based on modern technologies on the geoeconomic situation in Iran.The statistical population of the study consisted of all managers and financial experts of novice technology companies based on modern technology.384 individuals were selected according to the Krejcie and Morgan tables. The research method is descriptive-practical and data analysis tools including path analysis, correlation analysis.In general, the findings of this study show thatThe factors related to the role of government and business intelligence have an impact on the geo-economic status of Iran, but the factors of creativity, innovation and social capital do not have a significant effect on it.Also, the results of the correlation coefficient of the model variables (63.30), percent, are shown.These results indicate the importance of each of the factors influencing the financing of the financing of Iranian start-ups.So that it can be a relatively good guideline for innovative start-ups based on modern technology to meet their financial needs.

The West Asia region is historically a place where civilization is a feature and culture. It has unique historical, cultural and social features. Since this region is of great importance to the Souq Al-Jashidi, Peace, security and stability are prerequisites for achieving peace, security and global stability. This area has been the main focus of the global crisis over the past few years and the main place of competition has been regional and trans-national powers. West Asia is one of the most geopolitical and geostrategic regions of the world. By turning this region into a hive of emerging terrorist groups, and then move to its post-ISS structure in a complicated arena and he has put on the forefront of all regional and global powers. Anti-ISIL Coalitions a tool for geopolitical balance and change In the geopolitical and geopolitical structures of the region, especially in Iraq. The resulting geopolitical changes in the Takfiri Salafi flow are more precise and accurate in the region. And an opportunity to redefine the trends and future developments during the period 2003-2001. Geopolitical contests of the region and the Iraqi civil war with ISIL terrorist group has led to the defeat of ISIL's rule in the region. With the defeat of ISIL, it will be very difficult to analyze the post-ISIS geopolitical space, With the start of ISIS, the rivalry and challenge between the resistance front led by Iran and the Western Front, Arabic and the US-led Hebrew in the region has shaped tensions and polarization in its post-ISIS space, Which could make these geopolitical rivalries a move towards the complete elimination of ISIS The region's geopolitical axis is dependent on the non-dependent geopolitical axis. Isis post-space area with the specific structure of political, security between nations in the struggle against ISIS and countries lead the resistance to threats have been controlled. Geopolitical security and geopolitical space have shaped tensions and polarization in this space. Considering geopolitical and geo-strategic differences among the countries of this region and, in particular, Iraq with allies, explaining the possible scenarios of Iraq's developments and the assessment of the impact of geographical areas on ISIS in the West Asian region is a major issue.

Abstract The main purpose of this research was "to provide the development model of knowledge based companies for sustainable urban development (case study: Tehran City)". This study is descriptive and correlation in terms of data collection method. According to the research questions and in order to respond to them through Amos software and structural equations have been attempted to implement statistical tests. In general, according to Morgan table, the number of 323 managers of knowledge based companies was selected by simple random sampling method. The tool used in this study was a questionnaire of 30 items of knowledge-based performance with a 9 item sustainable urban Development questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by the survey and the beautiful 10 academic experts, and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha for knowledge-based performance questionnaire 0.864 and the 0.889 urban sustainable Development questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the highest path of knowledge-based components of legal factors and the second position of the component of technology infrastructure and third position related to human resources component and the fourth position of the national System of innovation and the fifth position of the component economical factors. And the first place is the coefficient of three components of sustainable urban development related to the environment component. It is necessary to explain the path coefficient of knowledge based companies on sustainable urban development 0.89.

Abstract The sanctions against Iran can be divided into four categories: Multilateral sanctions, such as United Nations Security Council sanctions, EU sanctions, unilateral sanctions by various countries such as the United States and US Congressional sanctions. In this situation, it is necessary to seek scientific and accessible solutions to overcome the challenges posed by this challenge. The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of landlocking in the western regions of Iran in promoting the geopolitical depths of Iran in countering the West's comprehensive sanctions. The main question of the thesis is, what role can the western regions of the country play in enhancing the geopolitical depths of Iran in countering the comprehensive sanctions of the West? The assumption we are testing to answer the above question is that it seems that the territorial affairs of the western regions can give rise to internal power dynamics to counter sanctions. In this paper, Swat's analysis method is used to analyze and analyze the potential of Iran's geopolitical depth in countering all-embracing Western sanctions. The AHP method was used to measure the weight of the measurements. The statistical population of this dissertation is M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Political Geography of Islamic Azad University of Garmsar Branch and sample size is 50.  The results of the paper show that the most sustainable cosmetic, which ends in three important components of population, capital, natural resources and environment of a region or land, is the implementation of the land application program in the west of the country. Setting the relationship between human space and human activities in space  in order to exploit logically from a set of facilities in order to improve the material and social status of the community based on religious beliefs, there is a cultural background or an instrument of science and experience over time  that is part of geography. In terms of territorial development, organization of the coordinated and orderly system of the vital space of the country in the field of general policy of long-term development, social, economic, cultural and physical development the regionalization and divisional framework of the state and the requirements of social security and economic. Therefore, the territorial development of development has two dimensions of development and security.

Rural development is a multidimensional process, aimed at improving the quality of life of poor and vulnerable rural communities. An important policy for rural development is the emphasis on strategic products tailored to different regions. The numerous applications of saffron and its diversified food consumption and, most importantly, the important role played by farmers in the city of Tehran, highlights the special attention to the issues of saffron production and its role in rural development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of saffron cultivation on the social status of saffron exploiters in the villages of Siahrood district. The present research is a descriptive-analytical method in terms of its purpose and its application. The tool is a collection of information and data in the form of library and field. The statistical population of the study consisted of saffron exploiters in Siahrood district of Tehran (N=145). Using Cochran's formula, 100 people were selected by simple random sampling as sample size. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the data using Spss23 software. The results of the research indicate that the effect of saffron cultivation on social components (satisfaction, range of social relationships and interactions, support and support by organizations and related organizations, participation, sense of belonging) has been among the beneficiaries. The research findings show that the cultivation and production of saffron products, along with the creation and increase of the satisfaction of exploiters' satisfaction with saffron cultivation with a mean (4.34), has been able to increase social participation (4.19), increased support and support by the relevant organizations and organization (3.75), increase the range of social relationships and interactions (3.70). Users and rural households prefer to stay in the village of their place of residence, and as a result, the sense of belonging to the place has increased with an average of (3.92).

In the last decades, Sustainable Development has been on the top priorities of researchers, specially urban researchers. Sustainable development concept consists of three dimensions; Economical, social and environmental that all are related to each other and any of them can’t be effective individually. Social sector like two other sectors, is kind of solution to the urban issues that simultaneously is cause and effect of other factors. Security and specially social security can be defined as subdivision of social sustainable development by the social security researchers. Free zones are known as a driver for economical development and are applied in many countries, according to their existential role, have done well. But here social impacts of these areas should be considered. Anzali free zone is one of those areas which established in 2005 as economical driver in the Guilan province. The aim of this research is to consider social security of Anzali area after establishment of free zone and also affecting factors. The research method is descriptive, analytical, survey and using library documents and questionnaire. According to the last national census(2016)the population of Anzali area has been 118564 persons that by using Cochran formula with a confidence level of 95%, 383 questionnaires were selected and distributed by random sampling among Anzali people. Then analyzed by SPSS and with wilcoxon test, T-Test and Friedman test. Results show that addiction, smuggling and poverty are key factors affecting social security of Anzali area.

City resilience is a huge subject that various components are included in the framework that one of these components is the physical-environmental index. The urban eco-urban environmental index is one of the most vital infrastructure of the city. On the other hand, among the indicators of social, economic and cultural resilience this indicator is more important in dealing with crises. The purpose of this paper is to measure the residual physical-environmental index in Tehran's urban texture emphasizing on the neighborhoods of Tajrish neighborhoods, the Northern Janatabad and Ferdowsi. The main question of the article is that the situation of the neighborhoods studied in this article is in terms of the physical-environmental indicators affecting the resilience of urban texture? The method used in this article is descriptive-analytic will try to make use of the facts contained in books and studies and field observations to analyze the subject of the research. The results of this paper show that, firstly, the city of Tehran is facing a crisis in terms of resilience and the concern of many masters of Tehran city reducing the severity and degree of this critical situation is the resilience of the city and secondly, from the physical environment of the resettlement of Tehran Far more complicated. Vulnerable infrastructure, including low-durable homes which are particularly susceptible to a catastrophic incident. The result of this article is the fact that the city of Tehran and the neighborhoods examined in terms of important physical variables, such as the amount of major arteries For pre-accidental evacuation and emergency supplies as well as physical systems such as the number of pipelines, roads and critical and critical infrastructure, transportation network, land use, Type of housing (villa-apartment), material of material, Resistance to building, Quality and date of construction, Ownership, type of construction, height of buildings, open space, building location, Green space, built environment density, type of housing, access / discharge potential, Geographical characteristics (geotechnical characteristics, slope),Severity and repetition of hazards, identifying safe places, identifying faults, Getting away from vulnerable areas, getting close to the areas resilience is very weak.

Geopolitical significance of geoscientists is based on a set of fixed and changing factors, all of which derive from the geographic algebra of that region. Lorestan province in west of Iran is one of the areas with a lot of potential for playing a geostrategic role. The purpose of this research is to analyze geopolitical capacities of this region. The main question of the article is that what is the status of the western region of Iran, especially the Lorestan province, in terms of fixed components and geographic variables? This article is a descriptive-analytical in terms of its purpose and method and nature. The article uses a combination of survey and descriptive-analytical methods to analyze and study the subject matter of the study. AHP method was used to analyze the data from the SWAT model and to measure the weight of the measurements. The statistical population of this dissertation is M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Political Geography of Islamic Azad University of Garmsar Branch and sample size is 50. The results of this paper show that the West region of Iran and Lorestan province are one of the areas that can be considered as areas with weight and geopolitical importance because of the fact that they have constant and geographically wide and strategic variables. In fact, the most important result of this paper is that the weight of geographic constant components in Lorestan province is higher than the standard mean but in terms of variable components of the region, due to the weakness of management and planning, it has not been able to be balanced in parallel with the variable factors reflecting the position Geopolitics of West Iran is based on Lorestan.

The purpose of this study is to analyze financial management practices and profitability of sport tourism small and medium sized enterprises. The research method is descriptive research of correlation type. The statistical population of the study is managers, owners, or experts of all small and medium sized sports tourism enterprises in North Khorasan Province. The sampling method was considered as a colloquial. The researcher sent a questionnaire by attending these firms. Finally, 219 questionnaires were collected. Financial data, financial characteristics and profitability questionnaire were used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha for financial management questionnaire was 0.89, financial characteristics 0.83, profitability 0.87. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between financial management practices, with the exception of fixed asset management practices, with the profitability of small and medium enterprises. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the current ratio and total turnover of assets and the profitability of small and medium sized enterprises. The current ratio has a negative and significant relationship with the profitability of the firm. The features of financial management and financial management practices are predictable variables in predicting the profitability of small and medium sized enterprises. Therefore, owners, managers and accountants of small and medium sized enterprises should use these factors in order to increase profitability and productivity and improve the performance of their firms.

Geopolitical and geographic locations and spaces have special features and values and resources and benefits are not distributed globally. In other words, the distribution pattern of benefits and the unequal geographic advantage. Therefore, geographic locations and spaces and followed by the human groups residing in them, nations and governments they need and depend on each other. Geopolitical dependence reflects this fact. Development of the sphere of cultural influence and optimal utilization of all geographical components to create convergence with other countries, It is only possible through scientific research and the accurate identification of geographical elements in this regard, in order to conduct a case study of geochemistry of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan due to the diversity of geographic components, it is of special importance and importance to be selected and was considered as a generalizable model for other areas. Based on this, this article is a descriptive and analytical approach as the human-demographic and human geographic components have influenced the relations between the two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the republic of Azerbaijan. Since the existence of culture is one of the geographical components which has quickly become political and political and political actors use it as a means of exercising power and pressure on their rivals is a good idea to say that Geographical components whenever they find political quantities there will be several positive and negative reactions which leads to convergence or divergence in geographic areas and provides a good basis for enforcing geographic territory.

Today, problems such as proper and up-to-date municipal law for the management of metropolises and cities of the country, is not clear the definition and separation of national duties from the local and contradictions and the lack of coordination therein,Lack of transparency and assignment of tasks, limits of authority and responsibilities between the bodies of national and local affairs, enlarging the government and paying little attention to addressing urban governance issues, Increasing social issues and lack of transparency of responsibility for related tasks, low level of people's participation in the affairs of cities and neighborhoodsHas created strong motivations in all sectors of society in order to achieve a practical and effective solution. The main objective of this article is to achieve a strategy of aligning the interests of governmental and non-governmental organizations in achieving integrated urban management. The main question of the article is that what are the barriers to the failure to realize the integrated management of Tehran metropolis? The theory we are testing to answer the main question is that it looks likeThe barriers affecting the failure of the integrated management of the city of Tehran is Structural variables and management variables within government agencies and between governmental and non-governmental organizations. The findings of the paper show that there is a meaningful relationship between managerial variables affecting the lack of realization of integrated urban management in Tehran and governmental and nongovernmental institutions. Tehran has a unique and unique position as the political and economic center of Iran, the deployment of 15 million people, the activities of ministries and political, security, cultural, economic and social institutions that are sensitive and influential, immigration from all provinces country, traffic, air pollution, environmental concerns, congestion of buildings, buildings and residential properties, commercial, volumes of cars, huge water supply networks, gas, electricity, telephone, railways are only part of the complexity, capacities and challenges. It is located in the area. This research is descriptive-analytic in terms of its nature and method and considering that the method used in this research was of a practical nature in order to discover the relationships between variables and phenomena, as well as the knot of issues and bottlenecks in the Tehran metropolis, it has been developed.Library and survey studies have been used to collect required information.In order to evaluate the intra systemic and externally conditions, the combined model (SOWT-AHP) is used.

 Today, in almost all developing countries of the world, the problem of informal settlements has created the minds of national and urban managers, and various countries face economic, social and environmental problems of inefficient textures. Over the years, this problem has not only not diminished, but is also experiencing rapid growth and plowing. In Iran, over the past decades, this issue has been one of the serious concerns of executives, at least in terms of writing and writing. But what matters is a lot, looking right at these settlements and entering the problem solving is appropriate. Consequently, it is necessary to promote the quality of these settlements in contradistinction to past and inadequate methods. This research is part of the results of Ph.D. thesis on urban planning of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, entitled "Explaining the policies and methods for promoting the informal settlements with emphasis on urban regeneration, a case study of Sanandaj" and following the answer for this The question is what are the common dimensions and indicators in promoting the quality of informal settlements and sustainable urban regeneration in Iran? The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner with Delphi technique. Three times, 50 experts, experts and researchers from the field of organizing and recreating inefficient, marginal and lush urban areas were surveyed. The results include physical, environmental, socio-cultural, economic and managerial dimensions and important indicators of each of these dimensions.

What's happening at the time of the incident, in addition to the financial and financial losses, is a lot of social damage that follows. Given the very high importance of housing and shelter for human beings, the prediction and implementation of places for the temporary accommodation of people affected by accidents, especially earthquakes, is unavoidable.   Locations for temporary accommodation before and after the accident and in the planning stage can be of great assistance so that post-incident managers can have an operational plan. The present research is a descriptive-analytical study of library resources and field observations and experts opinions about locating temporary accommodation in Sari. This research, using the Delphi model, attempted to identify the main indexes of location selection and then, using the AHP multi-criteria decision making model in the Arc GIS software, we determined their weight and their integration in order to determine the suitable places for temporary accommodation in Sari. The results showed that 2786 hectares of the area were suitable, 2846 hectares were selected as the suitable area and 18098 hectares were selected as an inappropriate area.

Geographic areas around urban spaces In terms of land use changes is considered as one of the of Rapid changes areas in land use. This issue of course In the process of urban development and surrounding area in small and medium cities it has been more important due to the regional planning because this changes cause infra structure phenomena like Merger, crawl And in some cases makes marginalization. Hence modeling of monitoring Process in urban space and its around, is so important. In this research to recognition of local spatial changes of land use system in Saghez city and its neighborhood by evaluating five Landsat satellite images from 1977 until 2013, controlling and field survey the collected information there were monitored.In conjunction with the research methodology it is necessity to explain that after process of geometric correction, equalization, image enhancement, extraction of vegetation index, Principal components analysis and classification with different method. Finally the best method for image classification (supervised maximum likelihood classification) where selected and conducted on the data. The Results Shows significant differences in land use changes Around Saghez city in different periods of time that the most intense amount of Changes in comparison Images of 2000and 2013are visible.During this period rural settlements of Saleh Abad and Ghavekh In terms of physical development have been merged in Saghez city. On the other hand the most increased levels regarding the construct land by changing from 18 to 25percent and also the largest decline associated with pasturelands a reduction of 43 to 30 percent. It should be noted Agricultural land use and vegetation in the whole period of monitoring has been fluctuated but it shows significant decrease generally.

Iran is one of the countries that is diverse in its population composition. Ethnic diversity in Iran is such that it can be described as polyethnic or plural societyand it also led to crises, though limited. At the same time as the victory of the Islamic Revolution, a chain of ethnic disputes has occurred.The main purpose of this article is explaining and Analyzing the role of ethnic gaps in post-revolutionary geopolitical crisis in The main question of the paper is that what are the opportunities and threats, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the post-revolutionary Iranian geopolitical crises, especially on the western frontier?The hypothesis we are trying to answer the main research question is that ethnic divisions seem to have a geopolitical crisis if reinforced by internal and external factors.The method of this research is descriptive-analytic with regard to the subject and purpose and method of data collection. Accordingly, it would be advisable to collect information in a library and to access databases and internet searches of scientifically valid articles.The data collection tool is a database and database. The results of this paper show that ethnic divisions apart from the crisis of separatism and independence can create other geopolitical crises, including the crisis of development, the crisis of geographical isolation and the crisis of participation.

Today, ethnicity is one of the most important issues in the structures, discussions and political and security challenges. Iran is one of the countries with great ethnic diversityAnd the land of Iran, not only in its past history, but now also has a multi-ethnic structure and a mix of diverse ethnic groups. Despite the efforts of various governments after the victory of the Islamic Revolution to close the center-gaps and to eliminate various deprivationsSome of these gaps and deprivations are still evident.Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to analyze and analyze the conceptual developments of ethnic literature in the discourse of political management of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of this paper is what conceptual developments has the ethnic literature in the political management discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The hypothesis we seek to analyze in this article is that in the discourse of political management of the Islamic Republic of Iran, ethnicity is somewhat distanced from racial and geographical content, and other values are the criterion of macro and micro management of the issue of ethnicity. The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analyticalIt will analyze and explain the research topic using library resources as well as scientific and research articles. The results of the paper show thatIn the Iranian political literature after the Islamic Revolution, racial and geographical ethnicism has replaced Islamic-Iranian nationalism and ethnic demands can also be addressed in management discourse if it is within this framework it will be considered a kind of sharing.