نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 50 (زمستان 1397)

There have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5). In this descriptive study with factor analysis approach, 300 students aged 12 to 18 years old in Birjand were selected by cluster sampling method and were evaluated by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71). The results of the study showed that the internal validity of the part I I and part II of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) were in range of 0.71 to 0.90 and 0.65 to 0.91, respectively. The criterion validity of the scale by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71) showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the YAM-5 and components of SCARED-71, in a range of 0.12 to 0.74. Validity in the internal consistency showed that the correlation between each of the five components together that set in a range of 0.38 to 0.56 were lower than correlation between each of the five components and total score that set in a range of 0.69 to 0.83. According to the results of this study, the importance of measuring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, the lack of suitable standardized tools in our country, and the validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), it is recommended to professionals and researchers to use this tool

Early maladaptive schemas are profound, inclusive and ineffective patterns developed in childhood or adolescence, continue in adulthood, and act at the deepest level of cognition-in a way the person does not know about them. Typically, schemas are supposed to be developed as a result of initial experiences with attachment manifestations. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of attachment styles as a mediator in parent-child relationship patterns with early maladaptive schemas. For this purpose, 420 students of Azad University of Tehran in the academic year of 2017-2018 were selected through availability sampling and were evaluated for parental-child relationship patterns, schemas and attachment.  Hierarchical regression analysis showed that among the components of mother-child relationship pattern " control, intertwine , inflexibility and indifference", and among the components of father-child relationship pattern " intertwine " , and among attachment styles, " ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles" were meaningful predictors of early maladaptive schemas.  It seems that through modifying parent-child relationship patterns and considering attachment styles, we can prevent the formation of maladaptive schemas.

Although loss is a common phenomenon, dealing with it and the consequential grief, specially following the loss of children due to a complicated sickness, can be difficult and challenging. Grief is a response to the permanent loss of a loved one, particularly if it is due to their death. The griever may experience a range of feelings from deep sorrow to anger. Coming to terms with loss differs from one person to another and depends on many factors, namely the griever’s beliefs, closeness to and level of relationship between the griever and the diseased and other factors. The goal of this research was to study the coping process of mothers who had each experienced the loss of a child. Conducting descriptive research using the convenience sampling method, 19 mothers whose children had died of cancer during the second half of the year 2017 to the first half of 2018, were chosen, and to observe their reaction to the grieving process, followed up 6 times during a 12-month period. The results of this study revealed that during this one-year period with the mothers, their bodily reaction, anger, scape and feelings of guilt subsided, while search for social support, denial, rationalization and spiritual growth increased. These mothers also showed meaningful changes on the aforementioned variables in the 6 session follow ups. The findings of the current study supported that emotional coping of grieved mothers’ decreases by time.

Lifestyle and chronic anxiety are two basic causes of chronic diseases and family emotional system is one of the sources of chronic anxiety. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate an intervention based on Bowen family systems theory for improving health behaviors and reducing chronic anxiety in couples who had chronic anxiety symptoms in family emotional system. For this purpose, through a semi-experimental research and using accessible sampling, 38 couples were selected and considered in two experimental and control groups randomly. Before, after and after 2 months of intervention, they were evaluated according to genogram and lifestyle. The family-based and psycho-educative intervention was designed and applied in 7 sessions. Data analyses using variance analysis and repeated measures indicated that this intervention improves health behaviors and reduces chronic anxiety significantly. These findings could be used in therapeutic programs for anxiety, preventing chronic diseases and presenting a new model in health psychology based on the role of interpersonal relationships and emotional factors in health and lifestyle.

Diabetes is a common chronic disease. Not accepting the disease, be sensitive to fluctuations in blood glucose, to need insulin injections, restrictions on dietary and physical activity levels, to need accurate and continuous care of their self, and also the risk of serious complications, can lead to psychological problems in diabetics. Research shows that sexual dysfunction is very common in women with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion focused group therapy on improving emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning of women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, during the semi-experimental design with pretest, post-test and control group, 24 women with type 2 diabetes were selected from one of health centers in Mashhad through judgmental sampling and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The subjects were evaluated for emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning before and after the intervention. Eight sessions of Emotion-focused therapy were used for the experimental group. The results of analysis of Covariance show that Emotion-focused therapy was effective in increasing the emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning of women with type 2 diabetes. Emotion-focused therapy can improve emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning of women with type 2 diabetes through validation of emotion and its reframing

In last years, various non-pharmacological treatments have been developed for the treatment of adulthood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) syndrome. Most of these non-pharmacological treatments have targeted common areas of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as educational problems, work, interpersonal relationships, and executive functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy in improvement the main symptom of attention deficit disorder / ADHD and depression and anxiety, self-esteem with it in students. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test and control group, 30 students (12 female, 18 male) with hyperactivity diagnosis were selected by the method of targeted sampling and divided into two groups: experimental and control group (Each group was 15 subject). Subjects were tested for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, attention deficit disorder, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem before and after intervention and one month after the end of the sessions. The experimental group received a cognitive-behavioral intervention for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week). The results of mixed multivariate analysis of variance (intragroup-intergroup analysis) showed that cognitive-behavioral group therapy is effective to improve the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder syndrome, increasing self-esteem and decreasing depression and anxiety of students with hyperactivity disorder.

The ability to recognize and categorize audio stimuli and track their meaningful patterns and recognition of the difference between sounds in a colloquial language depends on the enhancement of auditory perception. It seems that children with  hyperactivity / attention deficit disorder face several difficulties  due to lack of sensory processes (audio and visual) and limited scope of attention in educational, cognitive, and cognitive fields, especially executive, social, behavioral and emotional functions. The purpose of this study is to make a comparison between visual and auditory performance indexes among the three groups of hyperactivity disorder, attention deficit disorder and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. To achieve this, in a causal- comparative study, 69 students with the diagnosis of hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder were selected according to the Convenience sampling method and tested for visual-auditory continuous performance. The study grouped the subjects under three headings of hyperactivity disorder (9 people), attention deficit (30), hyperactivity / attention deficit disorder (30 people). The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that auditory and visual performance indexes in students with hyperactivity, attention deficit, hyperactivity-attention deficiency have a significant difference and the auditory and visual performance of the hyperactivity group is better than the attention deficit and hyperactivity / attention deficit group. This research supports deficiencies in visual and auditory related tests of people with ADHD.

The Temparement is one’s behavioral  manner that determines specific reactions and includes  functional organization that formed by different systems and logical comprehension about self, others and world. The main feature of alexithymia is difficulty in  identifying  emotion and adjusting of emotional reactions in confrontation with emotional events. The aim of  this  study was to investigate  of  Structural Relation in Temparement-character ,Alexithymia and Percieved Stress  with Addiction Preparation in University Students. for this reason in during the descriptive-correlation study , 348 student were selected by convenience sampling method and  assested in  Temparement -character Alexithymia, Percieved Stress and Addiction Preparation .the results of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that the  measured model with the conceptual model has favorable fit. There was positive significant effect of alexithymia and perceived stress on addiction preparation and also  there was positive and significant effects of novelty seeking, reward dependence and harm avoidance on addiction preparation. And the negative significant effects of self-directedness and self-transcendence on addiction preparation.This study is supporting that alexithymia, perceived stress and Temparement-character factors is Predisposing factors in preparation to addiction.