نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 134، امرداد و شهریور 1398)

Aerobic exercise has proven benefits in reducing the incidence of cancers. In this study we evaluated the effect of aerobic training on serotonin and serotonin receptors levels in hippocampus of female BALB/c mice depressed suffered from breast cancer.

Thirty mice were randomly divided into healthy control, cancer control, exercise cancer groups. Breast cancer tumors were induced by MC4-L2 cell infusion. Aerobic exercise group were performed treadmill exercise (5 times/week for 6 weeks with duration and intensity of 55min/d and 20m/min respectively in the final weeks). For investigation the depression in this study we used force swim test (FST) before and after training. Forty eight hours after the last exercise session hippocampus tissue samples were obtained. Concentrations of serotonin (pg/ml), 5˗HT3R and 5˗HT7R were measured by Elisa and RT˗PCR methods respectively. 

Statistical analysis show that significantly increase serotonin levels in exercise cancer group (P=0.001). The mean 5˗HT3R and 5˗HT7R level of the cancer groups were not significantly than that of the healthy control group (p=0.689) and exercise cancer group (p=0.415). The amount of immobility time was significantly lower in the exercise cancer group compared to that in the cancer control group (P=0.001).

In conclusion, breast cancer can lead to reduction of serotonin levels in the hippocampus and increase depression. Also, six weeks of aerobic exercise can increase serotonin level in the hippocampus of the breast cancer mice but on 5HT3 and 5HT7 receptors were not significant. Six weeks of aerobic exercise can decrease depression. More studies are suggested.

 Among the wide range of adipokines, aplein has recently been considered by researchers due to association with body composition indices such as fat percentage and inflammatory markers. The aim of this study, was to investigate the effect of concurrent training (aerobic and strength) on apelin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein levels in middle-aged sedentary obese men.

 In this quasi-experimental study, 30 men aged between 48 to 60 years, with mean height 174.43±7.51 cm, mean weight 93/53±5.26 kg and mean BMI 30.88±0.81 kg/m2 were randomly allocated to the resistance training (n=15), and control groups (n=15). The training program consists of 12 weeks concurrent endurance and strength training. Blood samples were collected for measurements of apelin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and insulin resistance index before and after 12 weeks.

 Research findings showed that the concurrent training could significantly reduce Body Mass Index (p=0.002), insulin resistance index (p=0.001), inflammatory indices of interleukin-6 (p=0.001), C-reactive protein (p=0.023) and apelin (p=0.001) and significantly increase maximal oxygen consumption (p=0.002) and one repetition maximum (p=0.001).

 Generally, it seems that decreasing body fat, improving insulin resistance and inflammatory indices following 12 weeks of concurrent training has been effective in reducing aplein levels.

Apoptosis plays important roles in the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on gene expression of apoptotic markers in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

To implementation of this experimental research, 60 male Wistar rats weighing 220 ± 20 gr randomly were divided into 5 groups including baseline control, eight-week control, diabetes, training and diabetes-training. In this study, the rats were diabetic using given a single dose of 50 mg/ kg per body weight and peritoneal injection streptozotocin. High-intensity interval training performed with intensity of 80-85% VO2max, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks. The expression of Caspas3 and Bcl2 genes were measured by Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test at the P<0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean expression of Caspas3 and Bcl2 of skeletal muscle in diabetic rats in different groups (P=0.000). The expression of Bcl2 skeletal muscle in the training (P=0.000) and training-diabetes (P=0.048) group was significantly higher than the diabetes group (P=0.000). Also, expression of caspase-3 skeletal muscle in training and training-diabetes was significantly lower than the diabetes group (P=0.000).

It seems to diabetes be associated with increase in skeletal muscle apoptosis, and high-intensity interval training can help regulate the level of apoptosis in skeletal muscle during diabetes.

Getting high calories and low mobility leads to weight gain and increase in fat tissue. The adipose tissue plays an important role in managing energy balance by secretion of some adipokines such as visfatin and vaspinn. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on C-reactive protein (CRP), vaspin and visfatin in non-athletic men.

The statistical sample of this quasi-experimental study was 30 non-athletic male students of Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht Branch. To measure the serum levels of CRP, vaspin and visfatin in the pretest, 7 cc of blood from the right elbow area of all subjects was taken at the laboratory site, and then the subjects were divided into two groups of aerobic training and control groups based on aerobic power. The aerobic training group performed aerobic trainings with 50 to 60% heart rate reserve for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 45 minutes. During this time, the control group only performed their daily activities. 48 hours after the last training session, similar to pre-test of 7 cc of blood was taken from the right elbow area of the subjects. The analysis of the research findings was done by paired and independent sample t- tests (p≤0.05).

Eight weeks of aerobic training had no significant effect on visfatin (p = 0.18) in non-athlete men), but had a significant effect on the increase of vaspin (p = 0.001) and CRP (p = 0.01) in non-athlete men.

It seems that eight weeks of running aerobic training with an intensity of 50 to 60% of the heart rate reserve can improve vaspin and CRP serum levels in non-athlete men.

Orexin is an orexigenic peptide and is present in the form of A and B in the blood. Orexin neurons respond to a number of metabolic signals that indicate the body's energy status.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of six weeks of aerobic training on orexin level, insulin resistance and anthropometric indices in overweight women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 24 inactive overweight women were non-randomly divided into interventional and control groups. The aerobic training included aerobic training (with intensity of 60-70% of maximum heart rate reserve). The training performed three times per week for six weeks.

The six weeks of aerobic training increased the orexin level and decreased insulin, glucose, insulin resistance index, weight, BMI, WHR and fat percentage in interventional group compared to the controls (P<0.05).

The six weeks of aerobic training increased the orexin level, decreased insulin resistance and improves anthropometric indices in overweight women.

 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cause significant problems in academic performance, cognitive, social, emotional, developmental issues for many students and then in adulthood for their occupational and familial function. In the absence of treatment, the children are prone to develop psychological and social injuries in adulthood. On the other hand, there is a wealth of evidence that regular physical activity can be effective in maintaining brain health.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 selected exercise program: working memory exercise, rhythmic movements and combination of both (working memory and rhythmic) on selective attention, and working memory in children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

 Therefore, 24 girl students aged 7 to 12 with ADHD from Iman School enrolled in the experiment using available sampling method. The students were identified by Conner's questionnaire. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: working memory, rhythmic movements and compounds (working memory and rhythmic). The design of study was quasi-experimental which administered as pre-test and post-test. Data were collected through 2 tests: Stroop test (selective attention) and N-back (working memory).

 Results showed that the effects of working memory program on the selective attention was significant. The effects of combined training program on working memory were statistically significant but the effects of rhythmic movement on any of the factors were not significant. Also the differences between three groups were significant. The compound group showed better results in selective attention. There were no differences between groups in working memory test.

 The results showed that in planning educational programs for these children, a combination of working memory and rhythmic training could be planned to improve their selective attention and working memory.

In Iran, over the past 20 years, the prevalence of drug abuse has more than doubled the population growth rate. In order to cope with this problem, psychotherapy approaches have gradually expanded in recent years and an important issue in abandoning addiction is the reason for abandoning addiction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sensitization through eye movements and re-processing on cognitive regulation Excitement in addicted patients was to leave in Yasuj.

The study population consisted of all Turkish addicts who referred to addiction treatment centers in Yasuj in 1397. The sample consisted of 30 subjects selected randomly and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Then, a desensitization method was performed on the test group for 5 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week, and no experimental treatment was performed on the control group. The research instrument consisted of Gravinsky's Exponential Crisis Ordering Questionnaire (2006). In order to analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis (Mancova) and one-variable (Ankawa) and independent t-test and spss software were used.

Multivariate covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the patients in the experimental and control group (p = 0.001) for the sensation of loneliness (42.14 f =), according to the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in these two variables. The therapeutic method Desensitization through eye movement and re-processing caused cognitive emotion adjustment in addicted patients to leave the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase.
Discussion and

Desensitization through eye movements and re-processing on cognitive emotion regulation in addicted patients were effective in leaving the city of Yasuj. Therefore, psychologists can be trained by teaching this short-term treatment and its implementation on addicted patients, an essential role in increasing Adoption of these people.

In Iran, over the past 20 years, the prevalence of drug abuse has more than doubled the population growth rate. In order to cope with this problem, psychotherapy approaches have gradually expanded in recent years and an important issue in abandoning addiction is the reason for abandoning addiction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sensitization through eye movements and re-processing on cognitive regulation Excitement in addicted patients was to leave in Yasuj.

The study population consisted of all Turkish addicts who referred to addiction treatment centers in Yasuj in 1397. The sample consisted of 30 subjects selected randomly and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Then, a desensitization method was performed on the test group for 5 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week, and no experimental treatment was performed on the control group. The research instrument consisted of Gravinsky's Exponential Crisis Ordering Questionnaire (2006). In order to analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis (Mancova) and one-variable (Ankawa) and independent t-test and spss software were used.

Multivariate covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the patients in the experimental and control group (p = 0.001) for the sensation of loneliness (42.14 f =), according to the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in these two variables. The therapeutic method Desensitization through eye movement and re-processing caused cognitive emotion adjustment in addicted patients to leave the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase.
Discussion and

Desensitization through eye movements and re-processing on cognitive emotion regulation in addicted patients were effective in leaving the city of Yasuj. Therefore, psychologists can be trained by teaching this short-term treatment and its implementation on addicted patients, an essential role in increasing Adoption of these people.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Well’s metacognitive therapy on meta-cognitive beliefs of female students with social anxiety disorder.
research

This research was a quasi-experimental design with a post-test - pre-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the present study included all female college students of Gachsaran city who were selected using purposeful sampling of 300 students through social anxiety inventory. Then, among those whose anxiety scores were two more deviations than average, 60 were randomly selected and randomly assigned to 30 experimental and control groups. The metacognitive beliefs questionnaire was performed in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up for the groups. After implementing ethical considerations (informed consent, willingness, secrecy), the experimental group received metacognitive therapy and the control group received no treatment. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis and analyzed using SPSS software.
 

The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups in all of the components in the post-test (P <.05). According to the descriptive indexes, the experimental group had a significant reduction in post test scores compared to the control group. This also applies to research components in follow-up. Therefore, metacognitive therapy significantly improved the meta-cognitive beliefs of patients with social anxiety in the post-test and stability of the treatment results in follow-up.

The results showed improvement of symptoms in the post-test and follow-up one month. According to the post-test results, metacognitive group therapy seems to be effective in improving meta-cognitive beliefs in patients with social phobia disorder.

 Hope and interpersonal forgiveness are two topics of positive psychology that emphasize on causes promotion of health. There are also different articles which survey the relation between religious and health and confirmed the direct relation between these two cases.This study is accomplished in order to survey the relation between interpersonal forgiveness, hope and religiosity with general health on Yasooj universities students.

 This study is a descriptive – analytical research which is done on 761 students of Yasooj universities. Models are selected in coincidental clusters method. Tools used in this study includes 5 questionnaires: demographic questionnaire, Allpoort religiosity orientation,General health questionnaire (GHQ-28),Snyder hope questionnaire and interpersonal forgiveness questionnaire (IFI-25). Finally , some data are surveyed by using SPSS software and b[1]y spearman’s testing the correlation coefficient method.

 found results from statistical analysis shows that interpersonal forgiveness, hope and religiosity (internal and external) have direct relation to general health; so that as much as forgiveness and hope would be more in a person, the person will be more healthy and also as much as religiosity would be more in terms of internal and external the person will be more healthy.

 this study showed that person has more general health as much as interpersonal forgiveness, hope and religiosity too. As well as there was a significant and positive relation between external religiosity and general health, that it can be for the reason that it’s possible that the person will be influenced by religious activities that he has done and he will not show some dangerous behaviors for protecting some his own conditions.

Diabetes is a common disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia or High blood sugar. Central neuropathic is one of the most common Diabetic complications.The increase of blood sugar levels can cause adverse effects on cognitive functions such as information processing speed, memory, and the learning. The aim of this study was to assess short term memory function in patients with type 1 diabetes  compare to healthy group.
 

This casual comparative study were included on 112 persons (54 healthy persons, 58 patients with type1 diabetic .The data were obtained by Demographic questionnaire and  computer  test for short term memory assessment. Data were analyzed by variance analyze, one way and compared mean in software (SPSS 16) and t test .

The results showed a significant differences between healthy group  ,  type1 diabetic in speed ​​reading letters aloud(p<0/05)and significant differences  in other short term memory parameters(p>.0.001). 
 

The results showed a significant differences between healthy group and type1diabetic in short term memory function. The average memory function in type1 diabetic was lower than healthy group.
Keywords: Diabetic, short term memory