نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 80، پاییز 1398)

Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Tarragon alcoholic extract on spatial learning and memory deficits, induced by chronic immobilization stress in male rats.

In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (each group of 10 rats): Control(without treatment), under stress, receiving 100 mg / kg Tarragon extract, receiving 500 mg / kg Tarragon extract, Stress receiving and 100 mg / kg Tarragon extract simultaneously, and  finally Stress receiving group and 500 mg / kg tarragon extract simultaneously. The rats in under stress group, 6 hours every day for 21 consecutive days they encountered with immobilized stress. Groups receiving Tarragon extract, during this period, the doses of 100 mg / kg.bw and 500 mg / kg.bw were extracted by gavage, and two groups receiving the extract and stress simultaneously, in addition to receiving Tarragon extract at the same doses they also faced stress. Spatial learning and memory of animals were evaluated by using the Morris water maze test.

Immobilized stress impaired learning and memory in animals. Delay time (seconds) and distance (cm) moved to reach the hidden platform was significantly increased in the stress group compared to the control group (P <0.01 and P <0.05, respectively). Also in probe test, total elapsed time (s) and distance (cm) in target quadrant decreased significantly in stress group compare with control group (p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively). Receiving both doses of Tarragon extract improved spatial learning and memory in under stressed rats.

The results of this study indicate that Tarragon extracts prevent memory impairment and may be useful in preventing and treating of neuro-degenerative diseases due to stress.

The residuals of drug are belonging to emerging pollutants. Drugs and their metabolites should be removed from water resources due to potential risks and their toxicities for humans and the environment.These materials are not completely eliminated by the conventional methods of water and wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of acetaminophen using single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes from aqueous environments.

In this experimental study, the effect of different parameters such as: pH, initial concentration of acetaminophen, adsorbent dose, time of touch and mixing speed were investigated in acetaminophen removal by single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Rudeshkuvich and BET and pseudo-first and pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics were also investigated. Acetaminophen concentration was measured by spectrophotometer at (λ max = 258 nm).

 The result of the experiments showed that single-wall and multi-wall carbone nanotubes could be able to removal 38.59% and 28.24% of acetaminophen at time=45 min , Ph=7. With increasing the dose of nanotubes, the removal percentage increased and absorption capacity decreased, Absorption process showed the highest correlation with Langmuir model and pseudo-second kinetics (R2>0.99).

The results showed that single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube adsorbents can be used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of acetaminophen from aqueous environments along with other treatment methods.

A successful marriage is often accompanied by both partner consent to sex, on the other hand, the structure of a balanced family is based on sound marital relations. One of the most important factors in strengthening this relationship, is the attachment style of couples. The purpose of this study was Effectiveness of emotionally-focused couple therapy on the style of attachment and sexual satisfaction of couples. 

The method of study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population consisted of all couples referring to clinic in Neyshabur city in 2016. Based on inclusion criteria, 32 couples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into intervention (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. For data collection, Haddison and Kruskaph Sexual Satisfaction Index and Collins and Read Adolescents Adjustment Scale were used. Paired t-test and covariance analysis were used for data analysis.

The results of the analysis of variance showed that in post-test, There was a significant difference between sexual satisfaction and attachment style of the intervention group and control group (P <0.05).The results showed that emotional-couple therapy had a significant effect on sexual satisfaction and subscales of sexuality and sexual intimacy, but it had no significant effect on the subscales of sexual behavior and quality of sexual relations (P <0.05). Also, it had a significant effect on attachment style and its subscales of proximity, dependency, and anxiety.

The findings of this study indicate the beneficial effects of emotional-couple therapy in improving attachment style and marital satisfaction of couples.

In order to improve the patient's safety, countries are required to monitor the safety of systems, and in this path, patient safety culture should be explored and developed among staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education on patient safety culture on the promotion of safety culture and self-efficacy of nurses in Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand.

The present study was carried out in a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all nurses working in Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Birjand in 2018 (100 people). From this statistical society, based on the Morgan table and by stratified sampling, A total of 80 nurses were selected and Randomly and evenly divided into two experimental and control groups. The group training sessions of the patient safety culture were conducted for 4 sessions of 2 hours for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the pretest and posttest, both groups responded to the research tools (Patient Safety Culture and General Sherer Self-efficacy Questionnaire). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) by using covariance analysis.

The results showed that in the variable of safety culture due to the variable effect, The education of the patient safety culture was significant (P <0.01); in the self-efficacy variable with respect to the effect of the variable, The education of the patient safety culture was significant (P = 0.001).

Training on patient safety culture to nurses, Affects the promotion of their safety culture and self-efficacy; Therefore, it is suggested that planners, administrators, use this methodology to promote the safety culture.

Nurses as pioneers people in community health and treatment, they have an important role in coordinating and helping injured people at the time of the disaster. Improvement of their preparedness is one of the basic principles of health management in accidents and disasters. Therefore, the aim of this study has been done to determine the effect of educational intervention on nurses' preparedness in accidents and disasters

 In this single-group quasi experimental, (pre-test, post-test and follow-up), 75 nurses working in hospitals in Birjand were selected by the stratified random sampling method was used. The nurses participated in a disaster risk management workshop for 16 hours over 2 days in a round table exercise. Demographic data form and standard questionnaire of nurses' preparedness and responsiveness to the disasters were completed before, immediately and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 16), and statistical analysis of in-group variance, Bonferroni post hoc test and chi-square tests, independent t-test, One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's range post hoc test were performed at a significance level of (0.05).

The mean score of nurses' preparedness before intervention out of 10 scores was 6/47±0/87 and their total mean score of ability and attitude towards disasters before intervention of 5 scores was 3/19±0/72 and 3/28±0/41 respectively. The average total score of preparedness and in the area of empowerment in nurses immediately and one month after intervention than before and the mean score of attitude one month after the intervention was significantly higher than before (p <0.05).

 Based on the results, the educational program had a significant effect on increasing nurses' preparedness in accidents and disasters. It is recommended that nursing managers improve nursing staff readiness, conduct continuous training courses with maneuvers.

More than 90% of hearing-impaired children have hearing parents and their parents do not know how to communicate with these children. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of education communication skills on emotional regulation, resilience and marital satisfaction of mothers of hearing- impaired children.

The research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The statistical population were the mothers of hearing-impaired children under 7 years old in Rasht that was referred to the Pejvak Deafness Clinic in 2017. 40 mothers were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (20 people) and control (20 people). Granofsky Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, Conner & Davison (CD-RIS) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH 47) they were used as research tools. The effective communication skills education program, 8 sessions for mothers in the intervention group were held and the control group received no education. Descriptive statistics including: frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and standard error for data description were used and also chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, Levin, eta squared, covariance analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Box were used for data analysis at the significant level of 0.05.

The results showed that communication skills education led to significant differences in the post test of the experimental group and the comparison of the meanings showed an increase in resiliency, emotional regulation and marital satisfaction in the experimental group (p <0.01).

It can be concluded that by education of effective communication skills, it is possible to increase in marital resilience and marital satisfaction, as well as emotional regulation in the children with hearing-impaired children was obtain.

Physical activity during pregnancy is one important facet of women's health behavior and Lifestyle, it cause to improvement body image, reduction physical discomfort, anxiety and insomnia, and also has beneficial effects on women's delivery and breast feeding. Despite the great benefits of physical activity, it is often weak in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol to remove barriers of physical activity in healthy pregnant women admitted to Shahid Beheshti Health Center and Hospital in Isfahan.

This is a descriptive study with Delphy method and information has been gathered in a triangulation way, which was conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan. The second phase is a study that in the first phase of the cross-sectional and it was done on 380 pregnant women in 2015. At first, pregnant women completed demographic / reproductive, pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Then the solutions to remove barriers of physical activity were provided by using the results of the first phase of study, library resources and internet and by performance the Delphi method by faculty members of Department of Midwifery, pregnant women and results of resources, was obtained .Statistical analysis by using descriptive statistical and SPSS statistical software (version 16) was done. The level of significance was set at (p≤ 0.05) for all the statistical tests.

Among 74 presented solutions, 61 approaches in the first and second stage in each fourth aspects; physical, psychological, environmental and social were 75th percentile score higher than 8.

In order to promote and increase the amount of physical activity during pregnancy, attention and recommendation to implement this protocol in routine prenatal care is essential.

With showing an error in the intra-oral radiographic images, dentist diagnosis may be affected by the occurrence, and the patients treatment plan can be problematic in these cases. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of Bitewing and Periapical radiography errors prepared in the radiology department of the faculty of dentistry birjand university of medical sciences.
 

In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 3761 Bitewing and Periapical radiography prepared by 8th and 9th-semester dental students in 2017-2018 were selected and evaluated. by viewing radiography, common radiographic technical errors, as well as repeat or non-repeat radiographs in them, were determined and reported. Finally, the frequency and percentage of radiographic errors were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 23) and Chi-Square test. Significance level (p = 0.05) was considered.

Common radiographic errors were incorrect filmed placement 20.71%, cone-cut 20.10% Elongation 10.70 % and the repetition rate of the radiographs was %30, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the type of error and the students' semester(p:0.001). The frequency of error in periapical radiography was more than of the bitewing radiograph.

Based on the results of the study population, the most radiographic errors included film insertion errors and cone cut and these two errors were the most frequent cause of repeate radiographs that emphasize required the provision of specific training for the prevention of these errors.

 Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common causes of head and neck cancer and is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world and its prognosis is weak due to late diagnosis and varied clinical. Environmental and climatic conditions play a role in cancers; for this reason, the necessity of epidemiological studies is felt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ten-year epidemiology of cases infected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in birjand.
 

 This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, by the method of retrospective study was performed on 111 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. demographic and histopathological data were extracted from patient records. Subsequently, the data were then analyzed using one-way Chi-square test or Fisher's alpha level of α =0.05.

In this study, the mean age of the patients was 60.52 ± 12.9 years and the ratio of male to female was 2.08. The most common sites of involvement were larynx (63.1%) and followed by tongue (8.1%). For smokers, laryngeal involvement was 76.7% and for non-smokers, 54.4%, which is statistically significant (P=0.04). 54.1% of patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with moderately differentiation. 55% of patients were living in the city. Moderately differentiated tissue lesions among drug users they were significantly higher(P=0.02).

 The results of this study showed that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has become more prevalent in men, especially the elderly, in recent years. The most common site of involvement in head and neck was the larynx, and smoking significantly increased the prevalence of laryngeal lesions.