نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال هفدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 119، شهریور 1398)

Given the high prevalence of domestic violence in pregnant women and the impact of religious beliefs on people's perceptions of their lives and lifestyles in life-style crises such as anger and aggression, this study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual counseling on the degree of domestic violence in pregnant women.</span>

 This is a clinical trial that was conducted on pregnant women referred to four comprehensive health services centers in Tehran in 2018. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30). The intervention was conducted in eight, 60-minute individual counseling sessions. Violence was assessed with Violence Assessment. Chi-square test and repeated measures test with significant level (p <0/05) were used to analyze the data.

 At first, the normality of the scores of violence was assessed and confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro tests (P <0.05). At first, the normality of the scores of violence was assessed and confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro tests (P <0.05). The two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of age, education of mothers and their spouses, the occupation of mothers and their wives, financial status, the number of pregnancies, and the desire for pregnancy were not statistically significant. After the intervention, the comparison of mean scores of violence in mothers between the two groups showed a significant difference (p> 0.03).

Spiritual counseling is effective in domestic violence in pregnant women. Therefore, the use of this counseling technique can have positive outcomes in terms of domestic violence and spiritual well-being in pregnant women.

Labor pain is one of the most severe pains and is an inevitable part of childbirth. Considering the global policy of reducing selective cesarean section and the need for effective and safe methods to reduce labor pain, this study was conducted to evaluate and summarize the results of clinical trials conducted on the effect of various pain relief methods by systematic review.

In this review article, all relevant studies from the databases of the Clinical Trials Registry, Magiran, Medlib, SID, IranMedex, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed using the keywords labor pain, reducing labor pain, pain relief, clinical examination, labor pain, pain relief, clinical trial, pain, and birth were searched without time limit and 165874 articles were extracted. Subsequently, 53 clinical trials that were based on the severity of a score of 3 or more and fit the criteria of the study were included. Data analysis was performed qualitatively.

The results showed that among all the interventions Lavender, Golab, Entonox, Acupressure, Reflexology resulted in the highest reduction in labor pain.

Lavender, Golab, Entonox, Acupressure, Reflexology were effective methods for relieving or reducing labor pain. Judging the definitive effectiveness of these interventions require extensive research with higher sample sizes and strongmethodology

Hemodialysis is one of the most successful treatments for replacing kidney function worldwide. Given the physiological changes brought about, the undesirable complications of hemodialysis remain a serious problem. Sodium profiles- ultrafiltration has recently been proposed as a method to prevent complications during dialysis. The present research was conducted as a comparative study of such methods on the common complications of hemodialysis.

In this clinical trial, 32 subjects from two treatment centers of East Azarbaijan Province were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria through convenient sampling. Each patient underwent 3 sessions of routine hemodialysis, 3 sessions of the linear profile, and 3 sessions of stepwise profile method for a total of 9 sessions. The patients were clinically examined for common complications. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 13, and Cochran's inferential-descriptive statistics at the significance level of P<0.05.

The results of 288 hemodialysis sessions were analyzed in total. The findings revealed that the incidence of complications and the number of treatment measures in the linear and stepwise sodium- ultrafiltration profile significantly decreased in comparison with those of the routine method(P<0.05). Additionally, the incidence of hypotension complication was significantly more in the routine method as compared with that of linear and stepwise methods.

The sodium-ultrafiltration profile is a simple, cost-free method and improves hemodialysis tolerance. Thus, it is recommended that this method be used in most of the patients’ monthly sessions to reduce the complications and improve hemodialysis tolerance.

Lack of emotional, psychological, and social skills and abilities, makes people more vulnerable to problems, exposing them to a variety of mental, social, and behavioral disorders. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of life skills training on the mental health of women referred to comprehensive health services centers in Khoy.

In this clinical trial study, pre-test and post-test design with control group, of the 4 comprehensive health service centers with a population of 3974 women over 15 years of age, 2 centers were randomly selected as case and control groups. In each center, 35 women who were referred to the center were randomly selected. At first, both groups completed the 28-item Goldberg's health questionnaires. Ten life skills were taught to the case group in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. However the control group did not receive any educational intervention. At the end of the training course, both groups were re-evaluated.

There was no significant difference in mental health between the case and control groups before the intervention, but there was a significant difference in mental health between the case and control groups after the intervention (P <0.05).

The results of this study showed that implementation of life skills training improves physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep, depression, social function and mental health in marginalized women. It is recommended to teach life skills to prevent mental disorders and promote mental health.

The lifestyle items include modifiable behaviors and conditions which can be effective factors of the infertility process. The aim of this study was to compare the lifestyle items between fertile and infertile couples in Urmia.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, some components of lifestyle in 130 infertile and fertile couples at Urmia in 2018 were selected and compared using simple random sampling. Demographic information Questionnaire and Miller-Smith Lifestyle Questionnaire were utilized. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The average lifestyle score among the infertile group was (49/469±</span>7/031) and among fertile group was (48/292±</span>6/027). Significant difference was not observed between two groups (P>0/05). Among the questions, the least score and the highest points belonged to a hot meal during the day (question number 1) and the least points and the highest score belonged to alcoholic drinks during the week (question number 7).

 The results of current study showed that the lifestyle of fertile and infertile couples did not differ significantly. According to studies which have been done and validation of some of the lifestyle factors, it seems that its necessary to conduct more studies by selecting samples from different health centers and using other tools.

The high level of stress experienced by nursing students in clinical settings is major obstacle in students learning and their professionalizing. To solve such a problem, is necessary to identify and categorize the fear and stress resources of students in clinical settings in Iran, which the purpose of this study was to review and summarize the sources of stress and fear in nursing students in clinical settings.

In the review of literature in the Irandoc, Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, Google scholar, Elsevier, ProQuest, and Scopus databases, during the period 2000-2017, 28 articles obtained inclusion criteria that are conducted to the sources of fear and stress of nursing students at the clinical settings.

Most of the studies arrival to clinical settings were mentioned as one of the sources of students 'fear and stress during their education. Fear of error was one of the major sources of students' fear and stress when attending the clinical setting. However, the lack of familiarity with the department or equipment, and even communication with the patients, nurses and other medical staff, was also identified as a major source of students' fear and stress.

 and Conclusion The feeling that the student does not have a suitable supporter at the clinical setting and losing of confidence to theoretical and practical competency in students for caring in the clinical setting can be the causes of most of the fears and stresses that students face with them. It can be helpful in improving the student's positive clinical experience by familiarizing them well before the arrival to clinical setting, using compassionate and experienced educators, and training how to deal with stress.

Pregnancy is one of the most sensitive periods in a women's life, which will be accompanied by changes due to psychological changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of difficulty in regulating emotions, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in the minds of pregnant women.

The population consisted of women referred to the gynecology clinics in Khorramabad city and the sample consisted of 100 women who were selected as available. Data were collected using Brown and Ryan Mindfulness Questionnaire, Cohen's and colleagues' Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Gratz and Romer's Difficulty Questionnaire, Wendenberg and Edinburgh Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis by SPSS-21 software.

Findings indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between mindfulness and difficulty in emotion regulation, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. In the first step, the difficulty in adjusting the emotion alone predicted 0.62 of the changes in mindfulness. In the second step, with the addition of the pregnancy anxiety variable it reached 0.65. In the third step, the perceived stress increased to 0.67. Thus, difficult components in emotion regulation, pregnancy anxiety, and perceived stress have a significant role in predicting changes in pregnant women's mindfulness.

Considering the high level of stress, anxiety, and depression among pregnant women and their low level of excitement, counseling-based therapies can help reduce the problems in the society.

 Medication adherence in patients with heart failure is low and have a negative effect on the clinical treatment process. Adherence can increase the burden on the health system and one of the goals of care in patients with heart failure is to improve their medication adherence. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of using a smartphone-based application on medication adherence in people with heart failure.

This is a randomized clinical trial with control group in Imam Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 1397. In this study, 120 patients with heart failure hospitalized in cardiac care unit were randomly selected and randomly assigned quadruple blocks without replacement were allocated to two groups of control (n = 60) and intervention (n = 60). In this study, the patients in the control group were under the current care of the hospital. An Android-based interactive smartphone application developed in partnership with the developer, and its management panel site was designed. Patients in the intervention group, in addition to common care, received a smartphone-capable application and used this application every day for 3 months. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using independent and paired t-test, Chi-square, Fisher's exact analysis and Cohen effect size.

 Based on the results, compared to the control group, the drug follow-up score of patients with heart failure after using the smartphone-based application was significantly increased (P <0.001) and the effect size was 3.24 with a confidence interval 95% (3.81, 2.68). Changes in medication adherence in the intervention group were significantly more than the control group, which means improving the medication adherence of patients with heart failure in the intervention group compared to the control group.

Using a smartphone-based application can improve medication adherence in people with heart failure. Based on the results of this study, the use of applications to promote medication adherence and management of patients with heart failure is suggested.