فصلنامه اخلاق در علوم و فناوری
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 51، زمستان 1398)

One of the most popular leadership styles is spiritual leadership. The purpose of the present study is to identify the consequences of spiritual leadership with emphasis on dimensions, mediating variables and ethics using meta-analysis approach.

This study was a meta-analysis study. The statistical population of the study consisted of 82 internal articles that have been done in the field of spiritual leadership during the last 17 years (1380-1397). . A coding form was used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using CMA2 (effect size calculation) software.

Results showed that out of 94 effect sizes, 34 had low effect size (effect intensity less than 0.3), 26 moderate effect size (effect intensity 0.5-0.3), 24 effect size High (impact intensity greater than 0.5). Also, the greatest effect sizes are: Altruism Maximum effect size (0.99) on Entrepreneurship, Maximum effect size (0.88) commitment on organizational identity, Direct effect of spiritual leadership on ethical beliefs (0.77) and Indirect effect (0.77) Through ethical beliefs on organizational adjustment (0.76), and the impact of perspective on ethical climate (0.75).

The results show that spiritual leadership and its dimensions have important consequences both directly and through work ethics, moral space, moral beliefs.

The basics of preventing fraud in business are the commonalities of the two systems of ethics and law. The basics of this rule indicate the non-prescription and prevention of fraud. The principles at stake are for the protection of individuals' interests and property security, and even for the maintenance of order in society, and those who seek to exploit fraud for the greater benefit are liable to compensation.

Adherence to ethics will increase trust and confidence among individuals in the community to participate more in economic activities and ensure investment security. Illegally financed education causes moral harm and disrespect for others and causes harm to be prevented from doing so and must compensate for the loss. In particular, the principles of non-cheating as well as legal principles such as ethical conduct, transparency, public order, and goodwill are the same as those of ethics, and they have no preference for morality.

Abolitionism has been one of the most influential ideas in criminal law in recent decades. Abolitionism is based on the belief in a moral conviction that life in the community cannot, in fact, be effectively regulated by criminal law, and that the role of the criminal justice system must be significantly reduced, while others have a chance to deal with problem situations, unfinished behaviors and developments are brought to the stage of action and implementation. Abusers first and foremost see crime as a result of the ruling social order, and they believe that punishment is not a good reaction to it. The fundamental question that has been raised in this research is how does criminalization abandonment affect justice as an ethical component? The present research is an analytical descriptive study and has used the library method to examine the question.

The results of the research indicate that the idea of ​​abolition is very influential on the rights of moral justice, which also has direct effect and indirect effect. The prosecution, referral to the mediation and referral of the case to the Dispute Resolution Council are among the most important examples of secularization. Moralization in Iran's criminal law. Which briefly describes each of these symbols of moral justice

Settlement of disputes arising from foreign investment may be possible if the governing law is clear. Irrespective of international treaties, since the legal relationship between the investor and the investee is often included in investment contracts, the law governing such contracts is determined. But there are cases where the ruling law has not been determined. In this case, three solutions are foreseen. Implementation of host state law, application of international law, and enforcement of disputes. The parties to the contract may also agree upon the law in force during the proceedings. The purpose of this research paper is to determine if ethics that are the source of legal rules can be resolved if the law governing investment contracts is not specified.

Unless the law governs foreign investment contracts and international law rules govern the contract, these rules will in addition to the legal rules, based on ethical principles such as the principle of fairness, the principle of peaceful resolution of disputes, and the principle of willpower and so are the goodwill principle. Therefore, in the absence of the ruling law, the existing disputes can be resolved by applying these ethical principles that have entered the legal field.

One of the prominent features of ethics is to prevent conflict and tension in society and between individuals, and when ethics exist in society, some abnormalities in society will be eliminated. Ethics are also important in business relationships and will promote business prosperity, trust, honesty and goodwill, and economic transactions will result in a healthy and reassuring environment. The question posed in this study is: Is business ethics effective in preventing bank crimes? In order to answer this question, the function and role of business ethics has been examined. In this paper, a descriptive-analytical research method with a pick-up tool in which a new model of prevention in law is explained.

Business ethics is a normative science that improves and promotes business transactions and is one of the business transactions that should be conducted in a crime-free environment and because of business ethics as a police business relationship or the police business relationship is mentioned, so if you institutionalize it in banks, you can prevent many bank crimes and see the economic health of the business. In fact, business ethics as a new model of banking law has a special place, the most objective presence of ethics in the business world is the same set of codes of conduct.

Literature has always focused on ethics as a fundamental aspect of social life. Moral thoughts ‎are one of those issues which have been intensively discussed ‎in classic literature. Meanwhile Ferdowsi's ‎Shahnameh is not only a unique literary work ‎that has special impacts on the readers, but also it has ‎touched upon a series of moral and ‎human problems. It has used epic literature as a tool for expanding the ‎doctrines of ethics and has put together a series of ethical and human issues in the layers of fiction. It can ‎be a paradigm for the reader to teach him the way of life and lead ‎him towards the prosperity. The current ‎study aimed at expressing the ethical issues in Shahnameh and by expressing these contents, finding the ‎logical interaction between Shahnameh and ethics. ‎

Important ethical issues in Shahnameh can be divided into three groups: health of thoughts (troubleshooting, dishonesty, prohibition of the Soul, cruelty, goodness, world-worship), health of ‎behavior (justice, pardon and neglect, avoidance of excess, tenderness), and health of speech (truthfulness, ‎pride and arrogance, patience). ‎
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Today, the imperative of the rule of ethics is goodwill on the legal effects of cyberspace such as the Internet, Instagram, Telegram, YouTube, WhatsApp, and so on. Because, the many problems caused by these legal acts have made the relations of individuals vague and controversial. It requires the introduction of a new model of the application of ethics in cyberspace. In this way, the use of the legal good faith ethics in legal examples of cyberspace is examined.

Wide virtual networks should display a variety of aspects of good ethics based on good faith. In such a space, the laws and regulations for securing and upholding morality in a global, diverse and broader range of traditional classical laws are. The notion of good faith in the creation of cyberspace culture is based on the need to observe the ethical spirit of obligations, responsibilities, protections and special protection. This theory fosters our understanding of the challenges of traditional cyber legal effects and overcomes conflicts.

 Aggression is one of the factors underlying immoral behaviors. Thinking education can prevent aggression. The goal of this research, developing a thinking instructional design model based on Vigotsky's Social-Cultural Theory and assessing its impact on reducing aggression is one of the factors underlying students' immoral behaviors.

 The research method is mixed and the research design is a sequential exploration mix. The theme analysis method was used in the qualitative part and the experimental method was used in the quantitative part. The qualitative section community consisted of scientific texts from 1930 to 2019 that were selected by purposeful sampling and consisted of 18 books and 40 articles. Six experts were also interviewed and the model was developed. In the quantitative section, the developed model was sent to 15 experts who were purposely selected. Also, 30 students were selected from girl students’ schools in Asadabad by single-stage cluster sampling and they were divided into two experimental and control groups and received 9 sessions of 75-minute thinking instruction. Quantitative section tools included a researcher-made questionnaire for model validation with a reliability coefficient of 0.72 and the rating scale for measuring immoral behaviors was 0.74. The statistical method was a single sample t-test and an independent t-test.

 Thinking instructional design model was developed and validated in thematic network method, with 3 global themes and 15 organizing themes. In the first hypothesis, namely, aggression reduction, the calculated t value is 2.899 with a degree of freedom of 28 at P <0.05 is meaningful. In the second hypothesis, namely reduction of immoral behaviors, the calculated t value of 13.2 with a degree of freedom 4, is significant at P <0.05.

 Thinking instruction according to the model developed, it resulted in a decrease in aggressive behaviors and consequently a decrease in the immoral behaviors of female students.

Given the positive role of marketing, especially ethical marketing, in attracting non-book buyers, the main purpose of this study is to explain the ethical marketing model and its consequences for children in non-book books.

This study is one of exploratory mixed research. In the qualitative part of the community of experts in the field of ethical marketing in the print and publishing industry, 20 people were selected using the bulletproof method. The interviewing tool and the data analysis method were the foundation data approach. In the quantitative section, the parents of the children were between 2 and 6 years old and 385 persons were selected by convenience sampling method.

In the qualitative section, the number of codes (in two interviews 5 and 9) was 165 codes. Also in the quantitative section, standardized factor loadings were between 0.41 and 0.969. The composite reliability coefficient for all constructs was greater than 0.695, indicating model reliability and the mean for all constructs was greater than 0.519, indicating convergent validity of the measurement models. Finally, the t-statistic in all relationships was higher than 1.96, and the path coefficient was positive in all relationships, which was a confirmation of the validity of the model designed based on the data theory.

The results confirm that the causal conditions include: inability to make decisions and parental illiteracy in the field of reading, Phenomenon including: ethical marketing, contextual conditions including: general categories Code of Conduct and Ethics; Intervention Conditions include: Individual characteristics of the seller and organizational support in ethical marketing in non-textbooks. Strategies have also been identified in the three areas of high ethical branding, seller ethical responsibility, and ethical mixing that can enhance reading culture, ethical reputation, and sales performance.
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Every organizational unit requires ethical codes, also known as professional ethics, in compliance with its professional structure. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and rate the indices of professional ethics for faculty members using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP).

The statistical population of this descriptive-survey study included faculty members, and university students and graduates of Islamic Azad University. The sample size was determined using the theoretical saturation; in addition, both stratified multistage sampling and convenience sampling were used for sampling. The data collection instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire and available documents. Data analysis was done using the open-coding table, central tendency of mode, and FAHP.

The survey identified approximately 80 indices of professional ethics with high impact factor, which must be evaluated in system of performance appraisal for faculty members. However, reviewed documents showed that currently less than 15% of these indices are used in the codes and forms of performance appraisal and development for faculty members of Islamic Azad University.

Results suggested the necessity of drawing up a professional ethics charter, exploiting fundamental indices of professional ethics in system of performance appraisal, and creating a distinct perspective called professional ethics in the codes and forms of performance appraisal and development for faculty members to improve the teaching-learning process.

Regarding the sensitivities and attention of public opinion, observing professional ethics for female national team coaches is an important issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was designing interpretive structural model of factors effect on professional ethics in females' national team coaches.

This research as a developmental, applied and survey research is organized by qualitative-quantitative combination method. In the qualitative section, among research related to the professional ethics of athletics, coaches and women, 38 available and relevant articles were selected as sample and the factors related to the research problem were identified with Meta-synthesis method. Factors that had a content validity index of over 0.7 were used in the study. In the quantitative section, interpretative structural modeling and network analysis process were used. Among experts in professional ethics and coaches, 13 people were selected by snowball sampling method. Data were gathered using a paired comparison questionnaire. Questionnaires with an inconsistency rate of less than 0.1 were considered in the calculations. The calculations were done in Excel and super fusion.

The factors that are considered as personal criteria are the most important factors for the development of professional ethics among female national team coaches and the most important factor is “Self-awareness”.

The findings of this research can be the basis for policy making in the field of selecting, controlling and performance evaluating of female coaches

With the massive growth of cities in the last two or three decades and the multifaceted role these cities play, the planning and cultural management of cities has become strangely complex and difficult. In general, there are economic, social, cultural, educational and physical problems in most cities despite numerous complaints from people. The purpose of this study is to examine citizenship ethics as one of the central factors affecting urban sustainability.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population includes all people over 20 years old in Ilam city. 383 citizens of Ilam who were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using statistical methods such as Pearson correlation analysis, mean analysis and multivariate regression test.

It shows that there is a relationship between the city based on ethical indicators and sustainable urban development.

Based on the findings of the study, relying on the dimensions of citizenship ethics improves all aspects of urban planning system and therefore, dissemination of citizenship ethics should be a top priority for urban managers.

Organizational citizenship behavior is beneficial to the organization as a behavior that goes beyond the formal requirements of the organization that has always been considered by researchers. The purpose of this study was the role of spiritual intelligence and work ethic in prediction of organizational citizenship behavior in staff in the Ardabil Youth and Sports Department.

The current research was a descriptive-correlational study in terms of applied and research method. The statistical population of this study included all employees of Ardebil province's sports and youth department, which was selected by sampling method based on Cochran's formula.  The Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Work Ethics, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression. 

The results of data analysis showed there was a significant positive correlation between spiritual intelligence and work ethics with organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that 57% of changes in organizational citizenship behavior were predicted based on spiritual intelligence and predictable work ethic, which had a higher share of work ethics.

Therefore, it can be concluded that spiritual intelligence and work ethics were important variables related to organizational citizenship behavior of employees.

Accountability has been and is an important and challenging issue in most countries' administrative and political systems and lack of proper and timely response to employees leads to a climate of distrust and coldness. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between institutionalization of ethics and accountability.

This is an applied research with descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of all employees of the branches of Saderat Bank in Mashhad are 1400 people. According to Cochran formula, 310 people have been included in the analysis process. The ethics and accountability of the managers was content validity and confirmed by experts according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS software and structural equation technique using LISREL software.

The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the independent variable of ethical institutionalization and its dimensions (explicit ethical institutionalization and implicit ethical institutionalization) with the dependent variable of managers' accountability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for ethics institutionalization was 0.87 and for manager’s accountability 0.81.

The results indicate that institutionalizing ethics and paying attention to ethical indicators make managers feel more responsible towards their employees, which in turn is more responsive and appropriate.

Effective teaching is a set of teacher behaviors that achieves learning goals and learns more comprehensively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of research, creativity, professional ethics, professional development and the use of information and communication technology in the effective teaching of teachers.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and data were collected by survey method. All the teachers of Qazvin province in the academic year of 2017-2018 were the statistical population of the present study. The sample consisted of 618 participants who were selected by cluster sampling method. To collect the data, a researcher-made scale of professional competencies of teachers with 41 items was used. The data were analyzed by SPSS-25 and LISREL software using Lawshe method for validity and Cronbach's alpha for reliability and path analysis method for fitting the research model.

The content validity ratio (CVR), was 0.56 and Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.97, which showed an appropriate scale and reliability. The results of path analysis showed that the direct effects of professional ethics, creativity, research, and the use of technology on effective teaching is significant, but the direct effect of professional development on effective teaching is not significant. Indirect effects and the whole ethics of professionalism, creativity, research, and the use of technology on effective teaching is significant.

The results of this study indicate the importance of research, creativity, professional and professional ethics, and the use of technology in the effective teaching of teachers. Accordingly, the implementation of teacher empowerment programs in these variables-especially creativity and professional ethics-can be a driver for quality in teaching teachers.

The most well-known aspect of professionalism in the faculty is professional ethics. Professional ethics at the university is a set of ethical principles and standards of conduct that determine the behavior of its members. In fact, academic professional ethics is a process of rational thinking that aims to realize scientific values ​​in the scientific community and how to maintain and disseminate it.

The present study is a combination of correlation and post-event method and its statistical population is all respected faculty members of universities around the country. From this statistical population 435 faculty members were selected using stratified random sampling method. Is. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 7 components and 30 items. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson and Spearman correlation test, structural equation modeling test, one-sample t-test and analysis of variance). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and LISREL 8/80 statistical software.

The components of professional ethics in order of priority with respect to the mean score are: scientific responsibility, self-reliance, professional ethics, belief in social responsibility, communication capital, cognitive capital, social capital, sense of belonging, and scientific community. Structural capital has been respected.

Although the professional ethics of faculty members are rated above average, there is still a large gap with desirable status.

The study aims to study the issue of the people choices and examine the relationship between ethical marketing with consumer buying behavior. The purpose of this study was to factors related to the ethical choices of food products.

This research is a descriptive - survey research and in terms of its purpose is an applied research. The statistical population of this study was all consumers of food products in the city of Karaj. The sample size was determined by the Cochran test from an unlimited population of 384 people. The instrument for gathering data was a standard questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.896 based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data analysis tool is the SPSS and PLS software. Data were analyzed by path analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, ethical norms, knowledge and self-identity with Ethical food products choices.

Based on the results, it can be said that by increasing of ethical concerns and concerns in society, it is imperative that ethics to be placed on the main program of food companies to point of view of ethical consumers, and its positive results for the company and the society will be identified and revealed.

Due to the importance of ethics on development of education in the country, the purpose of the present study was to identify the effective factors on educating ethics in schools.

The present study was a combination of exploratory sequencing. The statistical population in the qualitative section was consisted of 20 educators and stakeholders with executive posts in the field of ethics education selected through purposeful sampling. In the quantitative section, 1500 students from secondary school in Tehran were included in this study that among them, 300 students by multi-stage random cluster sampling method were selected as samples. The research tool in the qualitative section was interview and content analysis. In the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The data analysis was done through coding in the qualitative part of the research, and in the quantitative section, descriptive and inferential (structural equation modeling) was done using SPSS-V22 and Lisrel-V8/8 software.

The results showed that four dimensions of educational, social, environmental and beliefs have impacts on ethics education. Also, 15 components such as; teacher, curriculum, classroom space, school management, group values, empathy, social trust, respect for each other, ethical atmosphere, encouragement and punishment, parents' literacy and income levels, individual socio-economic base, adherence to values religious, religious beliefs, chastity were identified as effective factors in promoting ethics education.

The findings of the research showed that Tehran's secondary schools are in the best position for all of the identified components

Increasing consumer interest in environmentally friendly products and increasing corporate social responsibilities, over the last two decades, have led to the emergence of ethical behavior in marketing field. Hence, the present study has been conducted to investigate the environmental relationship of culture and behavior with the mediating role of gender on ethical purchase intention.

The present study is an applied research in terms of the purpose and a cross-sectional survey in terms of the data collection method. The research statistical population is consisted of postgraduate students in Karaj among which, a sample of 150 students was selected by the random sampling method. The main tool for data collection is a standard questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Method using PLS Smart software was used in this study as the statistical methods for data analysis.

according to the descriptive statistics of the research constructs, the mean of data fluctuated between 3.3 and 3.6 with the highest mean related to "perceived behavioral control" and "ethical purchase intention". The data variance is less than 4 with the least variance related to "long-term orientation", which has also the smallest standard deviation among the variables, showing a unity of opinion among respondents. Median and Mode show that most people choose the medium and high options (number 3 and 4).

according to the research results, factors such as collectivism, long-term orientation, human and nature orientation, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and gender affect ethical purchase intention. The results also indicate that long-term orientation has no effect on subjective norms.

Having a healthy personality and having mental health managers will increase the quality and quantity of education and play a vital role in the development of the community. The purpose of this study was to provide a structural model of the relationship between perfectionism and life expectancy with the role of mediation of moral intelligence among managers of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province.

This research was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, was a part of structural studies. The statistical population consisted of all the heads and deputies of units, faculties and groups of Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province in 542 individuals. They were selected by random sampling method of 225 individuals. Data were collected by perfectionism questionnaire, Life expectancy and ethical intelligence. Data were analyzed using one-variable regression tests and structural equations.

The results showed that direct paths by perfectionism variables, moral intelligence have a direct and significant effect on life expectancy, and also with regard to the indirect route of perfectionism through the mediation of moral intelligence on life expectancy It was located.

Considering the role of ethical intelligence on life expectancy, it is necessary to plan in organizations to promote ethical intelligence and to identify the destructive and negative effects of perfectionism and to improve it.

Individuals characteristics including gender, education level, job experience and job rank are affective and significant variables in work ethic. This research try to study this affection on whistle blowing in audit profession. Thus, the aim of this research is to study of gender effect on whistle blowing as an ethical behavior.

The research method is descriptive-correlation. Auditors employed in Iranian audit firms in 2018 were the sample of this study. Questionnaire was used in this study. Multiple linear regression and nonparametric statistics was used in order to data analysis and research question testing.

The results of this study show that gender has a significant and negative relationship with the whistle blowing. In other words, women have not an intention to whistle blowing than men in audit profession. Other outcomes of this study show that there is no a significant relationship between education level, job experience and job rank with the whistle blowing.  Research evidence, also, show that women's perception about individual responsibility and related costs of reporting wrongdoing is more than men's perception in audit firm. 

According to the finding of this study, gender is most important variable that influence on the auditor's whistle blowing. This show that gender is a significant factor in audit judgment and decision making process. Due to that ethical principles are very important in auditing profession, women must participate to develop of these principles and policy makers of auditing can provide facilities in this regard.

Nowadays, luxury brand consumption in the Iranian society is evident, which requires to be strategically considered. The present study, using a qualitative approach, seeks to extract a pattern of luxury brand consumption in Iran.

The present study was a qualitative research based on data theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of academic experts and brand and marketing experts of the country. Using purposeful sampling and saturation principle, 15 individuals were selected as sample size and data were collected through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. Data coding methods (open coding, axial coding, and theoretical coding) were used to analyze the data.

The model of luxury brand consumption incentives in Iran can be classified into 8 main categories. These include: psychological, ethical, individual, economic, social, cultural, functional and demographic motivations. These motives were eventually divided into two categories: open and hidden, using theoretical literature and interviewing experts.

The social, cultural, economic, functional, and demographic motives for luxury band consumption, or luxury, are obvious. But behind that are hidden motives. Individual, psychological, and ethical motivations are less tangible and are of particular importance for luxury brand consumption.

Good governance within the framework of ethics is active and constructive cooperation between government and citizens, and the key to its success lies in the ethical behavior of the participating powers in political management. The success of e-government requires elements of good governance based on ethics. To realize e-government, we need good ethical governance indicators. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to design an e-government model within the ethical framework of good governance.

This study is a qualitative one. The statistical population includes a group of managers and staff of the Ministry of Oil. Sample size was selected based on saturation and purposive sampling method and 17 individuals were interviewed. The elucidation of the e-government model in the framework of good governance ethics was extracted based on the general criteria and the opinion of 15 experts using the data base theory method and based on researcher-made tools. Data encoding including open, axial, selective coding and Maxqda software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that 102 out of 923 concepts were identified. 102 Codes in 18 categories including evaluation and monitoring, public trust and security, interaction and communication, human and social development, satisfaction, infrastructure, administrative and organizational health, policy making, transparency and accountability, central justice, organizational commitment and commitment. Financial factors, information technology, efficiency and effectiveness, quality of laws and regulations, quality of electronic services, process management and implementation platform, partnership acquisition.

The results showed that establishing ethical values in the components of good governance can be an important factor for e-government success.

 Professional ethics can be used to rationalize an organization based on humanistic attitude. On the other hand, individual and organizational development arising from talent management may be related to improvement of professional ethics of employees. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between talent management model and professional ethics customs administration employees of Iran.

 The research is an applied in terms of objective and its methodology is descriptive- correlational which 367 people were selected among 8364 employees of customs administration of Islamic Republic of Iran through simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Also, Data were analyzed through statistical structural equation modeling.

 The results show that there is a significant relationship between the exploratory talent management model and the professional ethics of the customs administration employees of Iran.

 Regarding the findings, the more increased level of talent management indicators in the organization lead to the more level of professional ethics in employees.

 Professional ethics is an integral part of all disciplines, especially health sciences. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the professional ethics of medical staff and their knowledge of hospital accreditation.

 This study was a descriptive-correlation survey. The population consisted of 850 health care workers educational and remedial centers of Rasht, who were selected by a cluster random sampling and 265 subjects were selected based on the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SEM using Smart Pls3 software.

  Professional ethics was positively correlated with 0.482 with staff knowledge of hospital accreditation.

 Professional ethics and knowledge of medical staff have a significant correlation. As a result, regard to professional ethical standards will promote their knowledge of hospital accreditation.

 Internet, like other technologies, despite the benefits and benefits of human life, misuse can lead to harm to human society. The purpose of this research is to predict internet addiction based on moral values ​​and bullying in adolescents.

 This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study was all second-grade students in the 12th district of Tehran in the academic year of 96-97. The sample size was 384 people using Morgan table. For data collection, Internet addiction inventory, bullying questionnaire, and ethical values ​​questionnaire were used. For data analysis, SPSS v.20 software was used to analyze the data.

 The results showed that the highest proportion of "addiction to the Internet" was with the "purity" component. Among the 3 components of bullying, the level of significance in the two components of "bullying" and "victim" is less than 0.05; that is, only the "bullying" and "victim" variables can predict meaningful "Internet addiction" Students are.

 Internet addiction has a positive relationship with bullying and has a negative and significant relationship with moral values.

 Despite the importance of recruiting elites, less attention has been paid to government agencies. The purpose of this study is to present a model of elite recruitment in government agencies based on ethics and specific cultural contexts of Iranian society.

 The current research was among qualitative research. The statistical population consisted of public administration experts and human resources experts of Iranian governmental organizations who were selected using cluster sampling method (60 persons were selected for questionnaire and 45 for research conditions). Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Delphi analysis and coding in GAMS software were used to analyze the data and determine the effectiveness of the model.

 According to the findings, the optimal limit of the model's dimensions was increased in the optimal condition compared to the existing one. In terms of effective factor analysis and competitor analysis, this increase is approximately 20% and for other dimensions (competency definition and formulation of absorption tools) approximately 33%.

 The results showed that there is a significant difference between the status quo and the status quo. One of the most important reasons for this is the cultural barriers to the recruitment process. Removing these barriers is one of the essential requirements for model optimization.

Professional ethics serves as a basis for ethical and practical research knowledge. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between professional ethics and managers' effectiveness of Isfahan sport clubs.

The research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population in this study is all employees of selected clubs in Isfahan province (240 people), Using the Cochran program, 150 people were selected as samples. They were selected as stratified random sampling. Data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression.

The results showed a positive and significant relationship between professional ethics and managers' effectiveness. Also, among the variables studied in regression, the best predictor of the effectiveness of managers in the first step is ethical duty-centered, and in the second step is the selfish ethical dimension of professional ethics.

Sport club managers show the best behavior and ethics, and act in the unbiased and unobtrusive manner of other colleagues.

 Today, organizations and companies use different approaches to accomplish their goals; but given the growing moral crisis in different aspects, the need to improve ethics among employees is of paramount importance. However, leaders of organizations can play an important role with their ethical behavior. The present study aims to conduct a meta-analysis on ethical leadership.

 The research was descriptive in terms of objective and had a meta-analysis approach. The statistical population of the research consisted 144 articles of internal and external ethical leadership articles over the past 7 years and 78 articles were selected using non-random sampling with inclusive criteria. A coding form was used to collect the required data. Data analysis was performed using CMA2 (effect size calculation) software.

 The results of the meta-analysis of the 16 hypotheses showed that the effect size of the 11 hypotheses was medium (between 0.3 and 0.5), and the five hypotheses were large (greater than 0.5). Also, the highest and the lowest relationship were reported between ethical leadership with psychological empowerment and deviant behavior.

 According to the findings, it can be said that increasing the level of ethical leadership components of managers in organizations leads to increasing the level of useful variables such as psychological empowerment, identity, trust, and organizational commitment, and decreasing variables such as burnout, deviant behaviors and turnover intention.