مجله تعالی بالینی
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 26، تابستان 1399)

Oxidative stress identifies as the imbalance of free radicals (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) and antioxidants defence. Cellular and tissue damage of oxidative stress causes enhances lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein damage and in finally cell death. Different exo/endogenous factors such as mycotoxins play a role in causing damage mechanism with an increase or decrease the level of the vital molecule such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Mycotoxins are one of the most common foods and feed contaminants in the world, which considered a serious risk factor for human and animal health. Several enzymatic and/or nonenzymatic natural compounds with antioxidant activity could be inhibiting/reducing oxidative stress damage severity due to the free radical’s imbalance via different mechanisms.The present study briefly reviews the oxidative stress of major mycotoxins as a potential pathogenic mechanism, and the protective role of some natural plant and microbial compounds with antioxidant capacity (either separately or in combination) in reducing the adverse effects of the above stress. The use of natural and indigenous compounds with antioxidant properties in each region can be considered in the strategies for discovering and producing novel medicines and processed foods that have a protective/therapeutic role as one of the goals of green government establishment in macro-management policies in the country.

Lavender is one of the medicinal plants for control of anxiety, so this study aimed to review the effect of inhaled aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on anxiety. This systematic review study was conducted by searching the Iranian databases of SID, Magiran, and Irandoc and international databases Google-Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, Springer and Web of Science by using identified keywords and OR and AND operator. The searching of the mentioned database was conducted from 2000 to the end of June of 2019. Screening of articles was done on the basis of titles, abstracts, full text of articles, its relevance to study objectives, inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of articles was also evaluated based on JADAD Checklist. Out of 218 articles found, after elimination of duplicate and unrelated articles with the main purpose of the study, finally 20 studies were entered into the review. All interventional studies were randomized clinical trials that were conducted from 2008 to 2019. Studies were conducted on patients undergoing open heart surgery, patients with myocardial infarction, patients undergoing angiography, patients undergoing surgery, patients undergoing hemodialysis, burn patients, patients undergoing colonoscopy and patients undergoing chemotherapy. Intervention in the most studies was inhaled aromatherapy with pure lavender essential oil. Most studies reported a positive effect of inhaled aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on reducing anxiety in some patients, but some studies reported that aromatherapy with Lavender essential oil had no significant effect on reducing anxiety. Considering the effect of lavender essential oil on anxiety reduction, it may be possible to use lavender aromatherapy as an easy and non-invasive intervention to reduce anxiety in patients in intensive care, surgical, burn, and stressful procedures.

Allergic disorders are common in the world and they have different triggers. Food allergy may be contributed in allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to review to food sensitization in children allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria. We searched in some data bases include Google scholar, PubMed, Embase and  Scopus with key words  Skin prick test, in vitro test, RAST, Immuno-Cap, food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, eczema, atopic dermatitis, Iran. 114 articles found. There was not limitation time for our search. We evaluate 20 articles.  All of papers have skin prick test except  two articles had skin prick test with  RAST  and one study had skin prick test, RAST and food challenge test. The articles have different sample size, food allergen and ages. More articles evaluate food allergens in atopic dermatitis in children. Eggs (yolk and white), cow`s milk, wheat, peanut and soya were more common food sensitization in allergic disorders. Food sensitization and allergy is more common in children than adults. Eggs and milk are more common food sensitization in allergic disorders in Iran.

Based on information processing models, cognitive biases occurring in different stages of information processing can lead to anxiety disorders in children. Accordingly, the present study aimed to review these cognitive biases effective in developing and maintaining childhood anxiety and have been studied in various research. This narrative review was conducted through search of Persian and English articles in English databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Speinger and Persian Databases including SID, Magiran, Ensani.ir (during 2000-2020)  with related keywords. The result of the search was 78 articles that finally 45 articles were selected to enter the study. The results have identified several types of these cognitive biases including attentional bias, judgment bias, memory bias, and Interpretation bias, reduced Evidence for danger (RED) bias, emotional reasoning, probability bias, and covariation bias. These biases are related to cognitive processes that are distorted and inaccurate and thus trigger maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. Obviously, this biased information processing can easily invoke feelings of fear and anxiety that in turn increase cognitive bias and can reinforce risk and vulnerability for maladaptive schemas. In conclusion, Identifying and understanding these cognitive biases will shed light on the mechanism of the development and maintenance of anxiety in children and can lead to more effective treatments designed to reduce these biases and thereby reduce anxiety in children.

Diabetes is a common chronic disease in the world and sexual dysfunction is one of the most common complications of diabetes in women. The aim of this study a systematic review on factors affecting on sexual dysfunction in diabetic women. In this systematic review study, the keywords were first determined based on MESH and then searched in SID, Iran Medex, Pubmed, Google scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science Uptodate, Magiran databases. The evaluation of articles related to the title was done by strob standard. At the end of the search, 84 articles were obtained, and finally 11 articles that had good quality, were entered into the systematic review study. In this systematic review study, the findings were classified according to three characteristics: frequency of sexual dysfunction (with subtypes; desire / arousal(with most prevalence (81.8%)), orgasm(with least prevalence (24.7%)) and pain disorder / genital-pelvic penetration), individual-medical factors related to Sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients includes: type of treatment, duration of diabetes diagnosis, complications of diabetes, relationship with spouse, HbA1c level, poor training and blood pressure level and Complications and diseases related to sexual dysfunction in diabetic women including retinopathy and microangiopathy. Due to the importance of sexual health as one of the dimensions of women's health, health care providers should take effective role with screening and control of diabetes, By preventing the complications of diabetes, take effective role in improving the lives of diabetics and improving their sexual function.