نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 5 (پیاپی 142، آذر و دی 1399)

Pain is the most common post-tonsillectomy complaint in children, whose insufficient relief can result in a number of complications. The present study aimed to determine and compare the effects of the local injection of bupivacaine and lidocaine-epinephrine mixture on post-tonsillectomy pain.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 87 candidate children for tonsillectomy aged 4-10 years were selected through non-probability convenience sampling. The subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups. All patients in the three groups underwent identical general anesthesia and cold knife dissection procedures. Five minutes before incision, children in the intervention groups received 2 mL of bupivacaine 0.125% and 2 mL of a mixture of lidocaine 1% and epinephrine (1:200,000), respectively, through tonsillar and peritonsillar local injection. Pain intensity was assessed 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after surgery using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using descriptive and inferential statistics at a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 significance level.

The postoperative pain intensity ranged from 4 to 8 in the bupivacaine-receiving group, from 5 to 8 in the lidocaine-epinephrine mixture-receiving group, and from 6 to 10 in the control group. A statistically significant difference was observed in the median pain intensity among the three groups of children participating in the study (p=0.001). Although the pain intensity in the bupivacaine-receiving children was lower than lidocaine-epinephrine mixture-receiving children 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after surgery, the difference was only statistically significant 2 and 4 hours postoperatively (p=0.001) and no statistically significant difference was observed in other times (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in the pain intensity between the two intervention groups and the control group at all times (2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after surgery) (p=0.001).

Although local injection of bupivacaine and lidocaine-epinephrine mixture reduced post-tonsillectomy pain in children, there was no difference in their effect on pain reduction except 2 and 4 hours postoperatively.

Oxidation of vegetable oils is a major challenge in the food industry. Canola oil is prone to oxidation because of high unsaturated fatty acids. An effective way to prevent oxidation of oils and fats is addition of antioxidants. However using synthetic antioxidant due to the possibility of toxic and carcinogenic effects is limited. Thus, todays essential oils from aromatic plants have been qualified as natural antioxidants and proposed as potential substitutes of synthetic antioxidants in food products. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) from Asteraceae family with significant applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The main objective of this study was to identifythe chemical composition of flowers essential oil and comparison of antioxidant effects of marigold essential oil with butyl hydroxytoluene in canola oil stability.

This experimental study was conducted in 2019 at Nahavand University. Flowers essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation technique using clevenger apparatus. The oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The total phenolic content of the essential oil was measured by Folin-ciocalteau method. Antioxidant activity of essential oil was assessed by using diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and β-carotene/linoleic acid system and compared with synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Then the effect of marigold essential oil was added to the non containing antioxidant canola oil at four concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm) to determine antioxidant activity. Also an oil sample without antioxidant and two oil samples containing 100 and 200 ppm BHT were prepared.The oils were kept at 60 °C for 35 days and peroxide, thiobarbitoric acid, acid and carbonyl values were measured every 7 day. Experimental data were analyzed using ANOVA by the SPSS version 20 software and mean comparison were done using Duncanchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s multiple range test.

The major components of flower essential oil were -cadinol (49.52%), -cadinene (15.35%) and Δ-cadinene (8.36%), respectively. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the essential oil was determined and found to be 32.74±0.63 mg as gallic acid per gram of essential oil. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of marigold essential oil was 10.36±0.21 μg/ml, while this parameter for BHT 9.14±0.19 μg/ml. Flower essential oil of marigold at the concentration of 800 ppm had better antioxidant activity than the other essential oil concentrations. In addition, it was shown that antioxidant activity was directly correlated with the increase of the essential oil concentration. In the study of antioxidant properties of different concentrations of flower essential oil in canola oil showed that the highest antioxidant activity belonged to the oil sample contained 800 ppm of essential oil, which did not show significant difference with BHT at concentration 100 ppm (p> 0.05).

Marigold essential oil at the concentration of 800 ppm has antioxidant acivity in canola oil, it can be concluded that this plant can be a suitable natural antioxidant as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants in the oil industry.

substances can effect on the Hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary and affect the performance of the Addictive substances can affect the reproductive system and they affect the secretion of gonadotropins. Morphine significantly reduces plasma LH levels in all range groups of men and women. Most illicit drugs and opioids, including morphine, are associated with decreased physical stimulation, decreased libido, decreased ability to reach orgasm (in women), and delayed or stopped ejaculation in men. Morphine can pose a serious threat to fertility and pregnancy by causing abnormal changes in the cell structure and lining of the endometrium. In this study, due to the common use of morphine as a narcotic that leads to addiction and the lack of information on the effect of morphine on ovum in culture medium, the effect of morphine on cell development and its fertility in culture medium has been investigated.

Sixteen female mice with average weight 20-24gm divided into control and treated groups. During three weeks, treated group got access water infected with 0/4 mg/ml morphine sulfate. In order to superovulation, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin injected. Animals sacrificed and ovaries removed. The cumulus-Oocyte complex from the ovaries transferred to medium. After 24 hours, Oocytes containing the first polar body was transferred to in vitro fertilization medium. Male mice was sacrificed and spermatozoids from vas deferens stored in incubator for 2 hours, and then sperms transferred into IVF medium. Finally, the Oocytes observed for second polar body or two cell.

The mean ovarian weight of the control and treatment group was 6.95 mg and 7.2 mg respectively that was not significant. In control group out of 128 metaphase I Ooctytes, 89 metaphase II ovum (69.53%) and in treatment group 99 metaphase II ovum were obtained from 140 metaphase I Oocytes (70.71%) (p = 0.051). Also in control group 29 case positive fertilization from 89 MII Oocytes(32.58%) and in treatment group 31 cases positive fertilization from 99 MII Oocytes(31.31%) was acquired(p=0.051).

It seems that despite its dependence on the animal, morphine does not interfere with the resumption and completion of meiotic division and thus does not impair egg fertility in the culture medium.

Given the role of blood flow restriction in causing more hemodynamic stress, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of blood flow restriction on the metabolic rate and substrate oxidation during and after high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in male active students.

For this purpose, 10 male active students, selected and in a cross-over design performed 2 separate sessions of HIIE without and with restriction of blood flow. In this program, four 30-second Wingate tests (75 g/kg body weight) with a 5-minute rest interval were performed. To restrict blood flow, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and hip circumference were measured in a separate session using a digital barometer and tape meter. Then, by inserting the values obtained in the formula (lower trunk arterial occlusion), the point of obstruction of blood flow was determined. Under restrictive blood flow, only during four 30-second Wingate tests, the femoral blood flow was limited by an elastic band to 40% of the obstruction point. The volume of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced were collected 5 minutes before, during and 30 minutes after the intended activity. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA.

According to the results, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the studied variables. Although, restriction of blood flow significantly increased oxygen consumption during (p=0.0001) and after HIIE (p=0.045), however, fat utilization Increased only after HIIE (p=0.002).

Given the higher oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in the post-workout period in the restricted blood group, this intervention may be useful for people seeking to lose or control weight if used over a longer period.

Lung cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer death in males and females and the second leading cause of cancer death. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA hypermethylation, histone deacetylation, and miRNAs lead to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) resulting in tumorigenesis. This change has been reported in various cancers.The activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes leads to hypermethylation of TSGs resulting in silenced genes and tumorigenesis. Hence, the use of specific inhibitors of DNMTs such as 5- azacytidine (5-aza-CR) can reactivate TSGs. Previously, we reported the effect of 5-AZA-CdR on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colon cancer [9-11]. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 5-AZA-CdR on DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, p14ARF, p16INK4a, and p15INK4b gene expression, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in lung cancer A549 cell line.

The A549 cells were treated with 5-AZA-CdR. To determine cell viability, cell apoptosis and gene expression, MTT assay, flow cytometry and Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were done respectively. 

5-aza-CR inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis, decreased DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b and increased p14ARF, p16INK4a, and p15INK4b significantly.

5-AZA-CdR can down-regulate DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, and up-regulate p14ARF, p16INK4a, and p15INK4b and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cell A549 line.

The present study is conducted according to educational needs based on social and welfare factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory on mental health and identity crisis.

The present study is an experimental method with pre-test and post-test design with control group and random selection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male high school students in second grade in Doganbadan. The statistical sample consisted of 45 students (two experimental groups each with 15 students and one control group with 15 students) who were selected by random allocation sampling from three high schools and assigned in two experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups were trained in ten 90-minute sessions of reality therapy. In one experimental group, both adolescents and their parents and in the other experimental group, only adolescents received independent variable intervention. The tools used in this study included the Goldberg and Hiller mental health scales (1979) and the Ahmadi Identity Crisis Questionnaire (1997). The pre-test was performed on both the experimental and control groups using these tools. After the completion of the reality therapy sessions, the post-test was prepared and after two months the subjects were followed up again. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis.

The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test for both mental health and identity crisis variables, but compared with pre-test and follow-up test only in the experimental group in which adolescents and parents were trained, the mental health variable was significant and there was no significant difference in identity crisis variable in either group.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that school counseling centers should create conditions for students with educational and personality problems and sometimes their parents to be counseled based on the choice theory to help students reduce their educational and personality problems as well as encourage them to act more actively and responsibly by informing students that whatever comes to them is the result of their own behaviors.

In Iran, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Papillomavirus infection is the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Ca SKi cell is a human cervical carcinoma cell that binds the papillomavirus type 16 virus to its genome. Cactin is a type of phenol and a secondary metabolite of a plant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cutaneous metabolites from the gut microbiota on the proliferative power of the Ca SKi cell line.

Catechin metabolites were extracted from fecal samples containing intestinal microbiota by HPLC method and were treated with different concentrations of catechin for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxic effects of the extract of Ca SKi bacterial cell line were evaluated by MTT assay. After RNA extraction and cDNA preparation, theexpression of bax, bcl2 and bax2 gene in Ca SKi cell line were evaluated by Real Time PCR..

The expression of bax gene did not show a significant correlation with the effective dose of catechin in the first 72 hours (p> 0.05). However, with increasing dosing, the effect of the control showed a significant increase in the expression of the bax gene. The results showed that expression of bcl2 gene with a significant increase in the effective dose of catechin was significant in the first 72 hours. This decrease is significant and has a direct correlation with dosage.

Catechins can enhance the expression of bcl2 in cancer cells, which can be used to create a high-impact new therapies as a cure for prevention of cervical cancer and bax gene as a prognosis for cervical cancer.

Children with various anomalies are economically, emotionally charged for the family and society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Nuchal translucency (NT) in the diagnosis of Turner Syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy.

This prospective study was performed on 1522 pregnant women with gestational age of 11 to 13 weeks and 6 days at Narges Genetics Laboratory in Ahvaz. Radiology was performed on all fetuses by ultrasound and the back of the neck and the length of their tail series. Those whose NTs were above 95% percentile were identified and their karyotypes diagnosed for Turner Syndrome.

The mean NT level in the low risk group was 1.6 mm and in the high risk group (NT percentile above 95%) was 2.8 mm. After examining the results of karyotype 2, Turner syndrome was diagnosed, both of which were in high risk group.

By measuring NT at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation and considering the underlying risk factors, it is possible to evaluate the probability of Turner syndrome and to make a necessary diagnosis for high risk cases.

Infertility and the resulting individual and social problems are one of the main and most important issues and concerns of couples, and about half of all infertility is related to men. In the present study of mesenchymal stem cell supernatant products derived from Adipose tissue has been used as a preservative and sperm damage after defecation has been evaluated. Material &

This study was performed on 20 infertile men referred to the Qom University Jihad Infertility Center. All of these men have asthenospermia. Simonchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s samples were taken from these individuals and then pre-freeze measurements were performed, such as survival, DNA failure rate, malondialdehyde level, and oxidative stress on sperm. After that, the stem cells were frozen with the supernatant product and the same phallic studies were performed on the deflated sample.

The results of this study showed that the survival rate after defecation increased in some supernatant concentrations (P <0.05) but there was little difference in DNA failure and oxidative stress (P> 0.05). The amount of malondialdehyde also changed (P <0.05).

Due to the positive effect on sperm and increasing their quality after defecation, using the supernatant of fat-producing mesenchymal stem cells, it can be used as a suitable preservative alone or in combination with other supplements.

Health is one of the fundamental values ​​and needs of every human being and the right recognized in divine schools and international instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Islamic Human Rights and the World Health Organization Statement. Maintaining and promoting health is an individual, social, organizational, and sovereign responsibility, and is one of the preconditions for achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting mental health for the development of Yasuj neighborhood health centers.

This was a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all those referring to health centers affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) with a total number of 9 people using simple random sampling based on Morgan table. 200 of them were selected by simple random sampling method and using a researcher made questionnaire and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis and t-test and regression.

According to the results, factors affecting nurse variables and environmental health had a significant effect on mental health variables. P <0.05 and other independent variables had no significant effect on P> 0.05. In addition, the results of in-depth interviews of officials with regard to the current state of health centers in general were assessed as poor and average, and in relation to the desirable status of neighborhood health centers, it was generally believed that if neighborhood people were more involved, centers would be poor. And the average can be promoted to higher levels

According to the results of this study, it is necessary to review and approve the final regulations in the Supreme Council of Health and Food Security of Iran. It is recommended to carry out testing and evaluation of its development in other areas of the city and to develop it in other cities.