فصلنامه توسعه ی آموزش جندی شاپور
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 37، زمستان 1399)

The aim of this study was to develop a happiness model based on spiritual intelligence and the quality of interpersonal relationships with a mediating role of resilience and self-compassion in students. The research method was a cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population included undergraduate male and female students (18-25 years old) of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran in the first semester in 2018 academic year. By multi-stage random sampling, the sample size was 458 people included 231 girls and 227 boys. Moreover, the research tools were: Oxford Happiness, Spiritual Intelligence, Quality of Interpersonal Relationships, Resilience and Self-Compassion. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V.21 and AMOS software were used through using path analysis method. Next, the results showed that spiritual intelligence has a direct effect on students' happiness, in addition, spiritual intelligence had an indirect effect on happiness through mediation. The results showed that the amount of indirect effect of spiritual intelligence through the mediating variable of self-compassion on happiness was not significant. The quality of the relationship had a direct and significant effect on students' happiness. The results also revealed that the value of the indirect effect of relationship quality through intermediate resilience variable on happiness was meaningful. The value of the indirect effect of relationship quality through intermediate variables on self-compassion on happiness was not significant. Therefore, attention to these variables in the design of appropriate therapies helps researchers and therapists.

The employment of faculty members who have sufficient knowledge and positive attitude toward evidence-based care in clinical setting is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and adoption of faculty members of nursing schools of north west Iran in field of evidence-based practice. Hence,in the present descriptive-analytical study conducted by census method, a questionnaire was sent to 120 faculty members via email, which received 84 questionnaires upon completion (response rate 70%). Then, the data collection tool consisted of four sections. The first section included demographic information and the second, third, and fourth sections included a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of Rubin and Parrish. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Accordingly, data analysis showed that mean and standard deviation of knowledge scores werecounted in 65.87±6.31 (out of 75), attitude 76.77±7.12 (out of 95) and acceptance 46.13±5.10 (out of 55). There was a positive significant relationship between all three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and adoption (P <0.05). In relation to demographic variables, there was a significant relationship between knowledge level with gender (P = 0.01) and English language proficiency (P = 0.005).  According to result, the level of knowledge, attitude and adoption of faculty members of nursing schools was at a good level that indicated an effective move towards integration of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) at educational and academic level. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the role of teachers in designing EBP training programs. 

Although the majority of student evaluation in paramedical and rehabilitation sciences is clinical evaluation, finding a suitable method that fulfills students’ satisfaction has always been challenging. Often, clinical professors evaluate their students subjectively and based on their observations. Evaluating clinical performance based on checklists and providing appropriate feedback to students is an effective factor in achieving educational goals. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction rate of undergraduate physiotherapy students of Ahvaz from clinical performance evaluation using checklist based on feedback. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 43 undergraduate physiotherapy students) third and fourth year) were enrolled as the population who were studying in the second semester of the academic year 1397-98. Then, Data were collected using the Satisfaction Questionnaire at the end of the internship. The questionnaire also consisted of 8 domains with a maximum score of 95. The mean satisfaction of physiotherapy students was calculated 58.11 (20.12). The mean score of each domain in terms of percentage of its maximum score showed that the lowest percentage was related to suitability (57.6%) and the highest percentage belonged to skill development (64.45%). The mean score of all domains was above 50%.  According to the present study, results indicated that using checklists for evaluation of clinical performance of Ahvaz physiotherapy undergraduate students was mentioned along with relative satisfaction. This approach can be very effective in improving clinical evaluation and improving its quality.

This study aimed at representing the interpretations of students' experiences of teaching professional ethics in university teachers. In this qualitative study, phenomenological method was used.  Hence, the statistical population was students of Fars Farhangian University, 26 people were selected by Purposive Snowball sampling. The process of selecting samples and collecting data continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. The research tool was semi-structured interview. All interviews were conducted with prior coordination in the university environment in a calm and appropriate atmosphere between October and December in 2019.Various methods were used to ensure the validity of the data, such as continuous data review, simultaneous data analysis, feedback to the interviewees, adequate time allocation and observer review. Then, students' experiences of teaching professional ethics were interpreted in four forms: Personality traits, Content presentation efficiency, Applying modern teaching methods, Proper and proper evaluation. Moreover, students pointed to significant problems in all components of teaching professional ethics that requires more attention from university authorities.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment on the effectiveness of professors and the mediating role of intellectual resources among professors of Islamic Azad University, Urmia. In terms of data collection, it was a descriptive correlational research and a structural equations based study; in addition, it was a applied type based on the purpose of study. The statistical population of this research was the professors of Urmia Islamic Azad University that according to Cochran's formula, 227 people were selected as a statistical sample. Data collection tools were also questionnaires: professor’s effectiveness (Salimi et al. 1394), intellectual capital, Scarboff entrepreneurship thinking and professional commitment. Data analysis and hypotheses were performed through SEM structural equations. Accordingly, the results showed that the model had a good fit and also the variables of entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment affected the effectiveness of professors. Intellectual Resources had significantly mediated the effect of dependent and independent variables. According to the research results, it can be said that entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment can increase the effectiveness of professors, and intellectual capital is needed in this regard. Therefore, university professors and administrators are advised to pay attention more to entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment.

The overall aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between healthy lifestyle and self-requlatory and self- controlling learning strategies with mental and physical health of students in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. The present study was performed upon descriptive-survey one with correlational method. The statistical population included 1554 students that the  final sample included 308 people were selected by simple  random sampling method based on Cochran formula.Then the data were collected using three questionnaires; Healthy Lifestyle  (HPLPII) Walker et al (1987), Self- Requlatory and Self- Controlling Learning Strategies (SRLS), Zimmerman & Martinspons (1988) and Mental and Physical health Weber (1996) that their validity was approved in both surface and content type by the management professors.  In addition, their reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha (0/90), (0/74) and (0/82), respectively. Then, the data was analyzed in descriptive statisitics section using frequency distribution tables, Mean, Std Deviation and calculating central indicators and dispersion; and in the inferential statistics section to measure the relationships between variables, measured by SPSS version 21 and the use of the structural equation method of LISREL version 8.8. According to findings, results showed that there was a significant relationship between healthy lifestyle and self- requlatory and self- controlling of learning strategies with mental and physical health in students at North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Moreover, the results of multivariate regression step by step showed that in the first step healthy lifestyle alone was (31/2) %, although in the second step with involving self- requlatory and self- controlling variables of learning strategies determined both (32/2) % of the variance of the equation.

Increasing students 'awareness of and respect to patients' rights is important in improving the quality of care and enhancing patient confidence and satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of clinical students in patient rights. Hence, in this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 medicals, nursing and midwifery students were randomly selected from students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Data were collected using standard patient rights questionnaire. Then, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The mean score of students' knowledge about patient rights was 14.95 ± 2.09. Moreover, awareness of patient rights was estimated rather in 54.7% of students moderate and 54.3% good. Also the dimensions of access to services and confidentiality had the highest (5.26 ± 0.932) and lowest (0.88 ± 0.32) scores in students' awareness of patient rights, respectively. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in awareness of patient rights and dimensions of access to services and confidentiality among students in different fields of study, college and educational level (P <0.05). In general, clinical students' knowledge of patient rights was moderate. It is recommended to increase students 'awareness of patients' rights by providing necessary training, identifying factors affecting non-compliance with patient rights and supervising compliance with medical staff by professors and therapists.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the educational quality of faculty members from students' point of view.  The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-case study in terms of data collection. Hence, the statistical population included all 15 faculty members of Farhangian University of Zanjan in Shahid Beheshti and Al-Zahra campuses in the academic year 2009-2010, that they were examined by census due to limited professors. Moreover, 129 out of 929 students were selected by Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method to evaluate the quality of teaching by professors. Three researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data and then the data were analyzed using T-sample and SPSS software. The findings showed the students claimed that scientific ability and teaching methods were less than average and the law enforcement of professors was not at an acceptable level. According to these findings, the design of correctional programs in educational groups, such as holding training courses, can provide a foundation of scientific strengthening of professors and their familiarity with modern teaching methods.

This study aimed to create a platform for commercialization of research findings and knowledge supply to the marketing and society, and its results can be effective in the direction of technical and economic growth and consequently increase social welfare in research institutions. Due to the low growth of knowledge-based companies in the country and the need to think of ways to facilitate the success of these companies in global competition, this study presented the business model of knowledge-building in knowledge-based companies. This research was performed based on empiricist philosophy and with a deductive-inductive approach. The first step was to screen and identify the final characteristics of the research. Based on the analysis of the qualitative content of the specialized interviews, a total of 51 indicators were identified. Fuzzy Delphi approach was used to screen the indicators and to identify the final indicators. Moreover, expert opinion upon Delphi technique was used to measure the importance and validate the indicators. Data analysis was executed with MaxQDA software. Finally, the results showed that environmental factors must first be emphasized. Institutional readiness and support services increased entrepreneurial capacity too. In addition, the spiritual resources extended with quality of the network also affected the ability to manage the business. For successful commercialization of knowledge in the field of knowledge-based companies, therefore, the existence of competitive support facilities and credits for commercialization is mentioned to be essential.

The purpose of study was to formulate a strategic educational program for the university based on the SWOT model. In this research, a combination of two quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. Then, the statistical population consisted of educational experts of Quchan University (14 people) were considered as the sample by selected census method and the instrument was interviews. Then, the research findings showed that Quchan University has 13 strengths, 12 weaknesses, 16 opportunities and 12 threats that indicated Quchan Industrial University was located in weakness and threats area. By matching and comparing the SWOT matrix and the internal and external factors assessment matrix, appropriate strategies were developed for Quchan University which included Creation and development of educational, research and welfare infrastructure by consulting with city, province and country authorities as well as attracting charity support; Increasing the quality of education through the absorption of a competent faculty and establishing a network of scientific cooperation with the universities and industries of the city, province and country with a technical and engineering approach and meeting the industrial needs of society; and Compete with the same level universities, transforming the first-class university in the field of knowledge-based and Strength economy.

Universities have a central role and primarily responsible for the development of specialized human resources in the society. Without changing the attitude of students and graduates from job seeker to entrepreneur, the university can pave the way for applying and exploiting the capabilities created by graduates through the creation of knowledge-based companies. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data gathering was a qualitative and quantitative study. Data were collected by interview and questionnaire. First, interviews were conducted with 13 academic experts in the field of knowledge-based companies by purposeful sampling method. Environmental fields were extracted using interview analysis. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Using stratified random sampling method, 267 persons were distributed among the units and status analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis and one sample t-test. The results showed that the highest impact factor was related to proper business planning for product idea conversion by government 17.09, although the lowest impact factor was related to social factors with 7.84. Moreover, the research model was confirmed by fitting indices and standard coefficients.

The purpose of this study was to present an appropriate model of knowledge management deployment in the executive agencies of Azarbaijan province. Research method in terms of purpose, applied; depending on the data type, the causal-qualitative; therefore, the data theory approach of the foundation was used. The experts of the executive-academic bodies formed the statistical sample of the research. Due to the adequacy of sampling and theoretical saturation, 19 people were selected by purposeful sampling. Next, data were collected by semi-structured interview method and also continuous comparative method in three stages (open coding, axial coding and selective coding) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the following sub-categories in different area were confirmed in the qualitative model consisted; three sub-categories in the causal conditions of knowledge management deployment (necessity for change, knowledge service promotion and business strategy); three sub-categories in the context of knowledge management deployment (leader, cultural and structural factors); and three sub-categories in Interventional conditions of knowledge management deployment (IT infrastructure, human resources and organizational features); and three sub-categories in knowledge management deployment strategies (knowledge incentives, knowledge mapping and training and empowerment); and three sub-categories in The implications of knowledge management deployment (productivity, organizational learning, and organizational innovation), respectively.

The present study aimed at investigating English for specific purposes (ESP) instructors' expectations and attitudes towards teaching ESP to students of nursing in medical universities. As a survey study, the participants were 57 ESP instructors teaching at medical universities of Kermanshah, Kurdistan, and Ilam. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather the data. The reliability coefficient of the researcher-made questionnaire equaled 0.74. The findings of the study revealed that the participating instructors expected the comprehension of reading passages to be the main goal of ESP courses at medical universities and that learning English grammar to be of the least degree of importance. Moreover, the participants' pointed to the dearth of attention to communicative skills in such courses. Additionally, the instructors argued that crowded ESP classes do not guarantee accountability in teaching. Furthermore, the instructors complained about the lack of facilities like language labs and language learning softwares in ESP courses. To conclude, paying due attention to communicative and interactive skills besides a concern for reading comprehension and vocabulary building, is of utmost priority in ESP courses. Hence, it seems incumbent upon ESP curriculum developers and course designers to evaluate ESP courses profoundly and take advantage of new theories in the realm of ESP.

Assessment of acadimicinas' activities is needed to ensure education development. The purpose of this study was to assess Development of a measure to assess the content of course plan, PowerPoint Slides and final semester exam of academicians in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. The methode of research, qualitative and sterategy used was Grounded theory (systematic scheme). The statical population included all the scientific talents of public universities throughout the contry. For sampling, targeted sampling, theoretical and snowball were used and then 20 scientific talents were selected and participated in the semi- structured interview. Considering the results obtained from interviews, factors to attract, develop and retain scientific talent in the higher education system were identified and also three phases of open coding, axial and selective coding model in six categories were presented as causative conditions, axial phenomena, action/intraction, context, interventional conditions and outcomes of talent management system of higher education. According to the results, the establishment of a talent management system in Iran's higher education was based on individual, managerial, and dynamic adaptation factors. Furthuremore, it was constructed on the strategic focus, strategic alignment and the adoption of effective strategies for attracting, developing and maintaining. The context providing strategies included organizational factors, job-related factors and extra-organizational conditions thatin interaction with the context and interfere factors, it contained attitudinal, behavioral, and organizational implications.

The aim of this study was presentation a model for institutionalizing service culture for education promotion in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of data collection and analysis, it was descriptive and exploratory research. The statistical population of the present study included the faculty members of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences that was counted in 485 according to the statistics but 215 people were selected as a sample size by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through a specialized and researcher-made questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the construct validity of the research questionnaire. Then, the reliability of the research questionnaire was done by using interviews with experts and determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient with SPSS software. LISREL software was also used to model the structural equations. Afterward, the findings showed that the institutionalization of service culture in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences had two dimensions: internal and external. The internal dimension included (participatory management, job satisfaction, training and skills, resource management, service quality, leader-employee-student relationship, job status and employee and student attitudes); in addition, the external dimension consisted of (religious beliefs, demographic variables (gender and education) Cultural differences, personal communication and perception of quality and service).

The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships of conflict management styles and innovative behaviors with the mediation of work conscience and happiness. The method of the present study was descriptive (non-experimental) and the correlational research design was analysis that, based on simple random sampling method, 248 people from the statistical population of all employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences were selected as a sample. Then, they answered the questionnaires of conflict management styles, work conscience, innovative behavior and happiness questionnaire. According to path analysis test, the findings showed that problem solving style, compromise style and flexibility style had a positive effect; however, avoidance style and firmness had a negative effect on happiness and work conscience; happiness and work conscience had a positive effect on innovative behavior; and also, happiness and work conscience played a mediating role in the relationship between conflict management and organizational innovation. Based on this, the results showed that the tested model with the conceptual model of the present study had a good fit and in addition to confirming the assumed paths, the mediating role of work conscience and happiness in the relationship between conflict management and innovative behavior was confirmed.

The purpose of this study was to identify the affective factors in attracting, developing and retention the talents in Iran's higher education system in order to provide a comprehensive model of managing talent in the organization of university. The methode of research, qualitative and sterategy used was Grounded theory (systematic scheme). The statical population included all the scientific talents of public universities throughout the contry. For sampling, targeted sampling, theoretical and snowball were used and then 20 scientific talents were selected and participated in the semi- structured interview. Considering the results obtained from interviews, factors to attract, develop and retain scientific talent in the higher education system were identified and also three phases of open coding, axial and selective coding model in six categories were presented as causative conditions, axial phenomena, action/intraction, context, interventional conditions and outcomes of talent management system of higher education. According to the results, the establishment of a talent management system in Iran's higher education was based on individual, managerial, and dynamic adaptation factors. Furthuremore, it was constructed on the strategic focus, strategic alignment and the adoption of effective strategies for attracting, developing and maintaining. The context providing strategies included organizational factors, job-related factors and extra-organizational conditions thatin interaction with the context and interfere factors, it contained attitudinal, behavioral, and organizational implications.

In the field of human resources, one of the most important and challenging laws that has been implemented in the country and has affected many current affairs of the country, is the law of faculty recruitment, so the present study considers that the existing dimensions and components Identify the involvement of faculty members in higher education The present qualitative study with phenomenological approach was performed on 29 experts and policy makers in the field of management by purposive sampling method until data saturation in November 1397. The data collection method was performed through a deep open and semi-structured owner. All interviews were recorded and then handwritten verbatim and analyzed. By analyzing and integrating the main components, 6 main components were identified and by analyzing the main components, 35 sub-components were extracted. What is a job appointment, Factors affecting a job appointment, Right job appointment strategies, Pathology of the law regarding job appointment, Consequences of a good job appointment, Consequences of a wrong job appointment were selected as the main topics?Among the 35 axes obtained from the analysis of the interviewees' responses to identify the dimensions and components of faculty recruitment in higher education, political situation, cultural conditions of society, lack of dynamics of recruitment and appointment law and incompatibility of job with talent and ability are the most important components. The promotion of top managers in the Civil Service Management Law paid attention to them.

Portable technological manifestations have influenced all different aspects of medical education and medical students increasingly in applying these tools. In this cross-sectional study to determine medical students' use of mobile learning (ML), its benefits and limitations in medical education, 105 medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences were evaluated in 2019. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather the required information. The acquired data were then entered into the SPSS software for statistical analysis. No significant difference was found in the usage of ML upon age, gender, educational grade, and place of residence (P>0.05). Moreover, the findidngs indicated that medical students significantly used ML more in the library (P=0.037). Most of the students were satisfied with ML tools’ availability (41%) and scientific resources searching (49/5%) too. They stated filtering of sites and applications as the most important limitations of ML tools (30/5%); although time conservation and availability (23.8%) were the most important advantages of ML. With mobile learning as time conserving and available method, medical students may be able to learn in any place.

The higher education system in all societies, with the growth of human abilities, genius, and intellectual potential, expands the human knowledge frontiers. For this reason, attention and emphasis on increasing the quality of higher education, universities and their products are always mentioned. The aim of this study was to present a model of qualitative development of public universities based on the global university's ranking approach. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to extract the main components which was conducted with 18 experts in the field of higher education. Participants were selected using the purposeful theoretical sampling method, and also using the Corbin and Strauss database method that 6 categories and 27 concepts were extracted in the open coding stage. In the axial coding stage of paradigm model whereas in the selected coding stage, the theoretical model arising from the research findings were introduced and explained. The findings showed that the categories of flexible management, balanced research, academic freedom, academic independence, material resources, financial resources, competitiveness, capable environment, normal relationships of adaptation and diversity were at the center of the model.  Moreover, based on the findings of the research, three categories of quality assurance of higher education, branding and support of executive managers were selected as causal conditions affecting the qualitative development of universities based on the world university ranking approach. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the criteria of the Ranking World University in Iran should be seriously considered and emphasized the practical use of the extracted categories to achieve the desired conditions of World-University ranking.

Knowing the students' learning styles in the educational system and using the related teaching method with it  to teach students will facilitate the learning process and its further improving. The aim of this study was to determine the learning styles and its related factors in the students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences based on the Vermunt model. This descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted on 247 students, were selected by stratified-random sampling method in 2014-15. Data were collected by valid Vermunt learning styles Scale Contains 120 items, and then analyzed with SPSS-V.21, descriptive and inferential statistics tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and t-test). Mostly of students were female (90.3%) and nursing (21.5%) with a mean age of 22.89±2.54 years. The mean score of students’ learning style was 382.23±49.63 from 600 scores. The regulation strategies component (the majority decentralized control, 49.8%)and the opinions and beliefs of the learning component (the majority did not believe in acquiring and using knowledge, 57.9%)were more weaknesses in students. Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between demographic variables and learning style scores. According to the results, it is suggested that educational managers pay more attention to the weaknesses of their students and based on that teaching process be considered.

The aim of present study was to identify the behavioral-educational index of entrepreneurial counseling based on choice theory and to examine the importance and priority of each of the behavioral-educational indicators based on choice theory. The statistical population of this study included educational-behavioral entrepreneurship experts and those were familiar with the theory of selection in counseling, and also in order to collect information, a questionnaire was used to rank the behavioral-educational indicators of entrepreneurship in counseling. In this study, 17 behavioral-educational indicators affecting entrepreneurial counseling were identified according to studies and the research literature. Then, the most important indexes were ranked using interpretive structural modeling. According to findings of the present study, independence, self-confidence, tolerance of ambiguity, mastery, creativity, optimism, leadership, profitability, intuition, self-esteem, determination, internal control, risk-taking, Accountability, interpersonal communication skills, belonging, and the need for success were considered as important factors in entrepreneurship. The outcomes also showed that the indicators influencing the behavioral-educational dimension were Independence level (autonomy): indicators that had the least dependence and the power of influence on other indicators; Dependence level: indicators that were highly dependent on other indicators, but had little influence; Link (non-dependence): indicators that had a two-way relationship with other indicators. Therefore, the indicators of desired independence and interpersonal skills were the most important indicators affecting entrepreneurial counseling that should be considered and emphasized in the first step in the counseling services based on the choice theory.

This study investigated the effect of psychological, intellectual resources and professional ethics on job performance by mediation of knowledge sharing among professors. The method of this applied research was descriptive and the design of study was correlation of structural equation modeling. The statistical population was 297members of all professors of Lorestan University that number of sample was 201 members who were selected by proportional random sampling method with community size. Then, collecting data was performed by job performance questionnaires of Garavand and Zandi, professional ethics of Hiud, intellectual capital of Bontis, psychological capital of Lotanz, and sharing knowledge of Dicson. Alfa coefficients of 0/98, 0/96, 0/88, 0/78, 0/83 were respectively for the intellectual capital, professional ethics, knowledge sharing and job performance questionnaires that indicated the desired reliability of the measurement tools. Validity of the questionnaire was also verified by using factor analysis. Next, the hypothesis was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Afterwards, the results proved that psychological capital, intellectual capital and professional ethics had a significant effect on mediation of knowledge sharing on the job performance of professors. Therefore, it is necessary that the managers of Lorestan University with planning to promote the psychological capital, intellectual capital and professional ethics of faculty members achieve the condition to improve the university professors’ job performance.

Fourth generation universities, while examining current and future physical trends and identifying the strengths and weaknesses, have led the university in a direction where the university can achieve its proper position in the global arena. This study aimed to model the role of transcendental university (fourth generation university) in order to improve the quality of education and research in higher education. Hence, the research design was qualitative with grounded theory. Using the "rich information" sampling method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 professors with more than 20 years of experience in educational management and educational sciences realms in higher education centers of Mazandaran province. Next, the results showed that the model of transcendental university (fourth generation university) in order to improve the quality of education and research had 15 dimensions in terms of causal conditions (1. Scientific-social responsibility, 2. Environmental dynamics, 3. Organizational mission), contextual conditions (4. Organizational structure and values, 5. Facilities and equipment, 6. Motivation), Intervention conditions (7. Communication with industry, 8. Organization of educational content, 9. Empowerment of libraries), Strategy (10. Total quality management, 11. Development of disciplines and mutual cooperation, 12. Faculty participation in decision making, 13. Interaction and teamwork) and Outcome (14. Educational quality and 15. Research quality). Considering the cultural mission of universities in preparing students to face the realities of society and the need for endogenousness and development of interactive relations with the economic, political, cultural and social system, therefore, the movement of higher education towards fourth generation universities in the direction of improving the quality of research and education seems to be very important and necessary.

The purpose of this study was to predict procrastination based on communication patterns, Parent-child relationship and student behavior patterns. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Roodehen branch of Islamic Azad University during 2018-2019. In a correlational research framework, 200 people were selected by multistage random sampling. They completed the Tuckman Neglect Scale, Fitzpatrick and Koener Family Communication Patterns Scale, Parent-Child Relationship Evaluation Scale of Fine, Moreland, and Schoebel, and Friedman and Rosenman scale of behavioral patterns. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that only two components of dialogue orientation and conformance orientation of the communication patterns variable were significantly correlated with the procrastination variable. The dialogue variable has a positive and significant correlation with the procrastination variable. In other words, the increase in this variable increased the score of procrastination, which indicated a low procrastination; however, on the contrary, the correlation of the attitudinal orientation variable with negligence was negative and significant that indicated high procrastination. No significant correlation was found between parent-child relationship variables and behavioral patterns with procrastination. The overall conclusion was that procrastination was predictable based on family communication patterns.

The overall goal of the present study was to present a genuine leadership model for the internationalization of macro-medical universities in region I. The purpose of this study was to apply an exploratory design with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The statistical population was selected through qualitative sampling method by the faculty members of the macro-medical universities of the region (n = 14). The faculty of macro-medical universities in the region consisted of 1851 people. 320 students were selected based on Cochran formula. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling based on university unit. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on qualitative part to identify the dimensions of genuine leadership. The result of the qualitative part is the production of a genuine leadership expert questionnaire. For data gathering in quantitative section for authentic leadership variable, a researcher-made original leadership questionnaire with 91 questions and 2 "individual and organizational" questionnaires was used and for measuring internationalization variable, Floralization Internationalization Questionnaire (1398) was used with 50 questions and 8 dimensions. "Educational, research, cultural, political, communication, knowledge production, higher education macro policies and financial resources" were used. The face and content validity of the instruments was confirmed by the supervisor and consultant. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.7 which was confirmed. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations were used to analyze the data. The results of the qualitative phase of the research showed that genuine leadership has two dimensions (individual and organizational).

One of the important concepts in positive psychology has recently taken into serious account in the realm of organizational behavior and now being employed in higher education studies is the concept of psychological capital.The purpose of this research was the designing and validating of questionnaire on Academic psychological resources among university students in Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Statistical population of the study was all fresh B.A. students in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 375 (228 boys and 147 girls) students who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Then the instruments used in present study consisted of Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Resiliency Scale, and Academic Self-Efficacy Scale which were applied to assess each of the four factors making up psychological resources. SPSS and AMOS softwars were used for data analysis. According to our finding the total reliability of chronbach alpha was 0.90. In addition, four accurate questionnaires were used simultaneously with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.56 to 0.61.  The construct validityconfirmed the four-factor 36-item structure of the questionnaire (hope, optimism, resilience, self-efficacy) using the first and second order confirmation factor analysis method. Hence, according to results obtained, the psychological resources questionnaire confirmed a good validity and reliability and can be used in educational and research environments.

In hospital environments, the role of faculty member’s management and educational learners is to pay more attention to staff than other organizations. One of the ways to promote health in the healthcare industry requires effective management of dynamic human resources. The present qualitative study continued with phenomenological approach in October 2018 among 19 experts and policy-making in the field of management by purposive sampling method, observing the confidentiality of information. Data were collected through open and semi-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded and then, verbatim, handwritten and analyzed. 15 main components were identified and by analyzing the main components, 29 sub-components were extracted. Information Architecture, Organizational Planning, Management Processes, Employees' Behavioral Model, Communication and Interaction Network, Standards and Values, Principle of Change, Business Strategy, Modeling, Environmental Factors, Educational Process Engineering, Program Measurement and Evaluation, Support, Knowledge Exchanges, Creativity and Entrepreneurship Title of main themes and information technology, data sharing, data security, vision and mission, status quo, favorable situation, threats and opportunities, management processes, behavioral model in organization, commitment and responsibility, organization performance, improvement and renovation, organization capital, Communication network, teamwork, standards and rules, values, change, business strategy, economic justification, modeling, environmental factors, process engineering, integration of activities, measurement and evaluation, support, knowledge exchanges, creativity, application were selected as sub-themes.

The purpose of this study was to present a competitive intelligence model by explaining the role of virtual education in physicians of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection. The statistical population in this study was physicians who were faculty members of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, whose number was 15 people. The statistical sample was determined purposefully based on data saturation. Theoretical foundations in this research were collected using library resources. In this research, using Strauss and Corbin method in Grand Theory theory and using questionnaire and interview, analysis was performed. The findings showed that the dimensions of competitive intelligence included business awareness, awareness of competitors' status, technological and technical awareness, and strategic and social awareness. Also, saving time, space, finances and health issues were all things that can help professors in the field of e-learning. The results showed that e-learning affects the dimensions of competitive intelligence including planning and focusing on competition, data collection, data analysis, transfer of results, process steps and construction.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of the role of school-based management on teachers' creativity intervened by learning culture. In general, this research was an applied study in terms of purpose, field in terms of controlling over variables, and descriptive in terms of data collection. On the other hand, the present study was considered as an exploratory research according to its main purpose. The statistical population of the qualitative stage included 15 selected principals and teachers of primary schools in Babol city, however in quantitative stage it included all principals and teachers of public primary schools in Babol citythat consisted of 1318 people and according to Morgan table, 302 people were selected as a sample. Then the data were analyzed using Smart-pls and SPSS software that the findidngs showed all factor loadings were statistically significant. Moreover, to evaluate the fit of the model, R2, cv com and cv red indices were used that, in general, the results showed that the model of the school-based management role on teachers' creativity mediated by learning culture among principals and primary school teachers in Babol had a good fit.

The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-directed learning strategies, for adult literacy educators. The statistical population of this study is all teachers of literacy movement in Tehran province during the academic year 98-99. Purposeful sampling was used in this study as follows. At first 60 teachers were selected according to the inclusion criteria (3 years of work experience, bachelor's degree and higher in educational sciences) and exclusion criteria (unwillingness to participate in the research). As the experimental group and the other group (30 persons) as the control group. In the pre-test phase, the dependent variable (self-directed questionnaire (was administered to both groups (experimental and control groups). The independent variable (learning strategies learning) was administered to the experimental group in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. In the post-test phase, again the research questionnair were administered to both groups (experiment and control). In the follow-up phase, one month after the post-test, the dependent variable was administered only to the experimental group. After collecting the research data, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). The results showed that the training of self-directed learning strategies of adult education educators was effective. (p < 0/05)