مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک
سال بیست و سوم شماره 5 (پیاپی 147، آذر و دی 1399)

Anxiety is one of the clinical signs of viral diseases such as coronavirus, which can threaten the bodychr('39')s immune system. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of lifestyle and psychological well-being dimensions in corona anxiety in students other than medical sciences of Tabriz Azad University in 1399.

The research method was analytical correlational type in which 307 students of universities in East Azarbaijan province participated in the research through online calling and to the anxiety questionnaires of Corona Alipour et al. (2009), Reef Psychological Welfare (1989) and Walker et al.chr('39')s (1987) health-promoting lifestyle responded: Data analysis was performed with Spss-20 software by step-by-step regression.

The results of step-by-step regression analysis to predict corona anxiety showed that the components of psychological well-being, personal growth and relationships with others were able to predict corona anxiety and this variable along with personal growth variable was 0.72 of variance. They explained the corona anxiety variable. Also, the components of lifestyle-enhancing lifestyle and the components of spiritual growth and responsibility in health were able to predict corona anxiety and explained a total of 0.09 of the variable variance of corona anxiety.

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that promoting personal and spiritual growth and positive and constructive communication with others, as well as responsibility in health can significantly reduce corona anxiety.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. Covid-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the infection a pandemic (global epidemic).

 The aim of this study is to investigate the latest research advances in genetics, disease, clinical features of Covid-19, as well as current therapies and scientific advances to combat this dangerous global epidemic.

The present paper is a review study developed using electronic sources in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ISI, and Science Direct from 2010 to 2020.

Examining the genome and genetic studies of the virus, there are many similarities with members of the coronavirus family, but there are differences in their genomic and phenotypic structures that can affect their pathogenesis.Re-use of existing therapeutic drugs, previously designed for other infections and pathologies of viruses, is only a practical approach as a quick measure to respond to and fight the emerging epidemic. At present, tests for specific vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 genome and the therapeutic antibodies being tested require a long-term process and require complete safety testing.

Ethical principles in writing this study have been observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations.

Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the basis of disease control. So far, there is no specific antiviral drug approved for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, preventive and inactive measures against the virus are necessary to stop and control the spread of the disease, according to genetic studies and the achievement of molecular mechanisms of virus function in pathogenesis.

The recent outbreak of the new coronavirus (Covid-19) has caused a great deal of stress and anxiety around the world. Given that health care workers are at the forefront of the fight against infectious diseases and Covid-19 disease, they are the first to be exposed to the virus.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 402 medical and administrative staff of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 1399 participated. Data collection tools in this study included the Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS).

The mean score of psychological symptoms of clinical staff (46.91%) was higher than the mean score of psychological symptoms (42.63%) of administrative staff. Also, the mean score of physical symptoms of clinical staff (12.80%) was higher than the average score of physical symptoms (10.94%) of administrative staff. There is a significant difference between clinical and administrative staff in terms of mean anxiety (P=0.030).

 The medical staff in both areas of anxiety scored higher than the administrative staff. Therefore, considering the prevalence of Covid 19 disease worldwide and the rate of deaths due to this disease in health care workers due to being in the forefront of the fight against this disease, so it is recommended to reduce the anxiety of medical staff, policymakers Health, think of the necessary measures to take care of this group as people who work as caretakers of the health and well-being of members of the community.

Since late 2019, with the emergence of a new type of coronavirus as a causative agent of a new respiratory disease called COVID-19, there have been many concerns about the spread of the disease and ways to deal with it. Due to the rapid transmission ability of the virus, diagnosing the infected individuals in the early stages for isolating them is critical. The aim of this study was the evaluation of CT scan reliability in diagnosing COVID-19.

This study looked at 212 patients admitted to hospital with a final diagnosis of COVID-19. Demographic information, medical history, signs and symptoms, and the chest CT scan results were collected and analyzed. Finally, the power of CT scans in the diagnosis of this disease was compared with the RT-PCR molecular test

This study was approved by AJA University of Medical Science ethical committee.

According to the results, the sensitivity of CT scan in the diagnosis of COVID-19 disease is relatively high, although the high rate of false-positive results from this technique and decisions based on it can lead to the increased financial burden on the health system.

CT scan is a relatively sensitive method for diagnosing COVID-19, but caution must be exercised, based on high level of false-positive results.

The outbreak of the new coronavirus (Covid-19) in late December 2019 from China, posed major health threats to global public health. Because patients with high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders are at high risk for Covid-19 disease; This study examined the association between disease severity, clinical manifestations, and mortality in these patients compared with other individuals with Covid-19.

This study was performed on 1408 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 in Golestan, Hajar, Khanevadeh and Besat hospitals in Tehran. Required data such as disease severity, clinical manifestations and mortality in patients with underlying disorders were collected with other patients and then analyzed using statistical tests using SPSS software. The reliability coefficient for all tests was 95% and the significance level was 0.05
Ethical considerations: Ethical principles in writing the article have been observed according to the instructions of the International Committee on Publishing Ethics (Cope) and observing the ethical charter of publications and based on the ethics code IR.ajaums.rec.1399.091.

In this study, 912 men (64.8%) and 496 women (35.2%) were participated. The age range of patients ranged from 18 to 98 years and the mean age of patients was 57.8 years. 27% of patients were intubated and 21.9% of patients died. Blood oxygen levels were less than 93 mg / dL in 53.7% of patients. 36.1% of patients had a history of hypertension, 24.1% had a history of diabetes and 21.7% had a history of cardiovascular disease.

The severity of the disease and clinical manifestations and mortality of patients in the subgroups of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension were significantly different from other patients with Covid-19.

Since the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) infection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has rapidly spread across China and many other countries. In this review article, the epidemiological characteristics, transmission patterns, clinical manifestations, radiologic findings, management and prognosis of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease have been discussed. Moreover, the differences in clinical course of COVID 19 between children and adult have been summarized.

The Medline was searched for terms such as “Coronavirus” ، “COVID-19”, “Children” and “Pandemic”.

The majority of published articles about COVID 19 are related to the adult age group and the data about this novel virus among children is limited. Children in comparison with adults have milder course of SARS- CoV-2 and have better prognosis. Regarding that children often have mild symptoms, many of them could not be diagnosed especially at early stages . Based on the evidence of a rapidly increasing incidence of COVID 19 in adults, probably the number of children with this virus have been raised.

Pediatric population have milder course of SARS- CoV-2 and better prognosis compared to adult age group. Up to now, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine against this virus, therefore the best approach is preventive strategies.

The COVID-19 pandemic is capable of severely affecting the mental health of health care workers, who are at the forefront of this crisis; while the official staff of health organizations is facing the same danger. Therefore, monitoring awareness and other mental health issues to understand the mediating factors and awareness of appropriate interventions is a necessary priority. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical and administrative staff in facing the COVID-19 virus.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 160 medical and administrative staff of Jahrom hospitals in 2020. Demographic information questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice of medical personnel about coronavirus (Covid 19) were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

65% of subjects were women and the rest were men. In most of the answers given to each item in both groups, the medical and administrative staff’s answers were close to each other. In the case of the statement "I am more likely to get a corona", 54.4% of the medical staff chose the strongly agreed option, while this percentage is 16.5% for the administrative staff. This indicates that the medical staff is very afraid of getting COVID-19. According to the results, the mean knowledge scores of the medical staff (with an average of 94.35) were significantly higher than the administrative staff (with an average of 87.75) (t=5.96, p<0.001). But the performance of administrative staff (with an average of 93.14) is significantly higher than medical staff (with an average of 87.17) (t=-2.710, p=0.007). No significant difference was observed between the mean scores of the attitude scores of both groups (p=0.438).

The results of this study showed that the level of awareness in the face of corona virus in the administrative staff is significantly lower than the medical staff, but the administrative staff has a better performance in facing of the corona virus than the medical staff. It seems that educational measures are necessary to increase the awareness of these people.

  The recent COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many concerns about the transmission of the virus from mother to newborn. This is more important due to the management of breastfeeding. This study aimed to review the latest studies on newborns breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods and Materials: This is a review study. In this study, articles about newborns breastfeeding in COVID-19 pandemic of published from December 2019  to May 2020 were selected via a search into the electronic databases of SID, PubMed, Scopus, Direct Science, Google Scholar, Ovid, MagIran, using the key ward of new coronavirus, COVID-19, breast milk, breastfeeding.   

In this paper, the principles of publication ethics were considered.

The results of this study showed that, So far, there is no evidence of a new coronavirus in breast milk or transmission of COVID-19 through breastfeeding, all mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, should continue to breastfeed in accordance with the principles of hygiene and respiratory precaution.

Breastfeeding protects the baby against infectious diseases. It should be noted that studies on the absence of the coronavirus in breast milk are very limited, this study describes breastfeeding the current state of COVID-19. While there are still many unknowns of this emerging disease Therefore, more studies are needed to manage breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 is one of the most important viral diseases of the current decade which caused widespread pandemic around the globe. The disease was first reported on December 8, 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). On January 7, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in China identified the virus and it was named 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO). The name of the disease was later changed to COVID-19. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) data, the virus is called SARS-CoV-2 which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. The viruses of this family have had widespread outbreaks in several different countries in 2003 (SARS disease) and 2013 (MERS disease) and have led to death and economic loss.

In the present study, the disease was studied from various aspects of the evolutionary process and molecular biology of the virus. The articles were studied based on the information contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) database. SARS-CoV-2 proteins were identified molecularly and functionally using data analysis and bioinformatics methods, and then related drugs and their effects on virus replication were investigated.

Studies on the structure of the virus and drug therapies to curb the progression of the disease showed that the use of different drug strategies is effective in treating the disease depending on the extent of the disease. Molecular studies have shown that the use of drugs that inhibit viral proteases and nucleoside analogues in the course of the disease and IVIG drug therapies, aminoquinoline compounds, TMPRSS2 inhibitors and virus S protein can be effective in the early stages of disease.

The present study showed that in order to control this virus, it is very important to study the structure of the virus and its biology in the body. It is essential to identify the drugs that affect the virus based on the biological structure of the virus. Due to the structural changes of the virus and successive mutations in the virus genome and the emergence of resistant strains or highly contagious strains, further studies on the structure of the virus and its changes in the body are essential in designing drug and treatment strategies. The present study showed that the use of therapeutic and pharmacological strategies varies according to the stage of the disease, so that some drugs in the early stages of the disease prevent the virus from entering the target cells or in combination with viral surface glycoproteins, prevent the viral antigen from binding to receptors to the host cells. In the advanced stages of the disease, antiviral drugs, including protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogues, interfere with the replication and structure of the virus. Due to intermittent changes in the virus and the development of drug-resistant viruses, it is important to continuously review virological and clinical studies and the performance of existing drugs against the virus.

COVID-19 as a infectious disease more than the past showed that physical exercise as immunological and physiological effects is necessary for human being. In this review study, we assessed the physiological and immunological effects of exercise training with considering to the COVID-19 and introduced exercise models in inside and outside the house.

In this study, a review of all databases, including ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, PubMed, Google Scholar Learners, Noor, related articles were examined. Also, in the article search process, the keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, Exercise and coronavirus, sports activity and immune system, high-intensity exercise activity and immune system were used.

Ethical principles have been observed in writing the article.

The coronavirus (Covid 19) has recently become one of the most dangerous causes of death in the world. Research has shown that moderate-intensity exercise can help boost immune system function. On the other hand, it has been shown that high-intensity exercise can have negative effects on the immune system, which can be a bad strategy in reducing the function of the immune system and increasing the risk of infectious diseases. But according to existing research, doing sports outside the home is still not recommended, and doing sports at home is still a very important strategy.

Due to the onset of the second wave of the corona virus in the world, it is recommended to continue to work at home in accordance with hygienic protocols (maintaining humidity and cleanliness of the environment) and the appropriate intensity and duration[aa1] .

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) had a major effect on peoplechr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s physical activity worldwide. These conditions have reduced the amount of physical activity in many people. The purpose of this study was to provide a practical guide for performing physical activities at home.

The method was library-based, and new books and articles on physical activity at home were reviewed, and the scientific basis for performing physical activity at home was provided. Performing various physical activities using the devices at homes as well as performing exercises without using the devices were examined.

Practical suggestions for staying active at home, along with aerobic exercise, include walking, running on a treadmill, proper use of stationary bikes, and body weight resistance exercises to cope with the physical and psychological side effects of Coronavirus 2019 were provided.

This guidance provides useful information about physical activity at home for sedentary people, which can be done during epidemic diseases.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illnesses. The newly emerged sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in late 2019 and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Due to the novelty of the virus, new scientific evidence on various aspects of COVID-19 is reported in the literature continuously.Common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia and Shortness of breath. Some articles have also reported on various manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory tract. The affected organs are gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, skin, olfactory system, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney and eye.The summary of extra pulmonary involvements by COVID-19 are anosmia, ageusia, erythematous rash, chickenpox-like blisters, acute cardiac injury with increased cardiac troponin levels, inflammation and edema of the renal parenchyma, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting, abnormal liver function with increased levels of alanine and aspartateaminotransferase and neurologic symptoms ranging from headache to stroke. The hypothetical pathophysiologic mechanisms of systemic manifestations of COVID-19 are overproduction of cytokines (cytokine storm), hypoxemia, direct SARS-CoV-2 damage or combination of these mechanisms. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the relationship between outcome of COVID-19 and pathogenesis.

Food security at the individual, family, national, regional and global levels would be achieved when all people at all times have physical and economic access to adequate, healthy and nutritious food for meeting the needs and priorities of a healthy and active life. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of food security and related socioeconomic factors in households of Kermancity ik pandemic covid19.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 households in five comprehensive health centers located in five areas of Kerman. Individuals were selected randomly using the list of households covered by each center.. Personal-economic and social self-made questionnaires and the validated USDA food security questionnaire 18, previously verified as a validation questionnaire.

In this study, There was a significant relationship between the socio-economic factors of the studied families (household size, home area and number of amenities) and the level of food security in individuals. There was a positive correlation between the household size and food security level (R = 0.142 and p <0.001), however the relationship between food security level with home area and number of amenities was reverse (R = -0.093 and p <0.005, R = 0.73 and p <0.001).

Based on the present study, the factors affecting food security in the city of Kerman could provide effective operational solutions to improve the food security in areas that may affecte by food insecurity. The results of this study indicate that the city of Kerman is in the safe food area before the crisis.