نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 6 (پیاپی 143، بهمن و اسفند 1399)

Living with children suffering from Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder may lead to significant psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, and depression for their parents. For decreasing these problems, using psychological interventions is necessary. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of a parenting education program on depression, anxiety, and stress of mothers with Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder children.

The present study was a field  trial study conducted in psychiatric clinics affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Sixty four mothers who had children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder with moderate to high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were selected by simple and non-random sampling. The selected samples were assigned based on a randomized block design between two groups of the intervention and control groups. Mothers in the intervention group participated in 8 sessions of parenting training classes based on the Saunders protocol. Mothers in the control group received routine care. Before and one month after the intervention, motherschr('39') depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42(. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney Test, Chi-square,  Independent Sample T Test  and Paired Sample T Test.

Participants in the two groups did not differ from each other in terms of demographics variables such as age, sex, education, and age of the mother and child (p> 0.05). The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers in the intervention and control groups before the training program were 19.06, 15.2, 20.8, and 17.8, 16.1, 21.1, respectively. Based on the results of the independent t-test, the difference between the means score between the two groups was not significant (p> 0.05). The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers in the intervention and control groups after the training program were 14.7, 12.5, 16.5, and 18.2, 16.1, 20.5, respectively. Based on the results of the independent t-test, the difference between the means score between the two groups was statistically significant (p <0.05).

Parenting education to mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a non-pharmacological psychological intervention significantly reduced the rate of psychological disorders among them. It is recommended that in the form of holistic medicine and nursing, this method be used to empower mothers who have children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Increasing use of antibiotics against infection caused by microorganisms has increased drug resistance. This has led to extensive research on plant compounds with antimicrobial properties and greater effectiveness as an alternative to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity the five Medicinal plant extracts CinnamomumVerum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris,  and Mentha pulegium against standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Entrococcous fecalis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa,Acintobacter bumani, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Esherishia  coli.

The present experimental study was conducted in 2020 at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The ethanol extract of the Cinnamomum verum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris and Mentha pulegium were prepared by maceration method.The antibacterial activity of the extracts was performed on several standard bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method after three replications and diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and recorded. Then MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) with Broth microdilution was determined. Mean growth zone diameter was analyzed by Duncanchr('39')s comparison test at the 5% level.

In the present study, the highest antibacterial effect was related to Berberis vulgaris and Zingiber officinale extracts on S. saprophyticus with growth inhibition drops of 25 and 23 mm, respectively (p <0.05). Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on S.saprophyticus and Mentha pulegium extract on E. coli had the highest antibacterial effect with a growth halo diameter of 16, 13 and 13 mm, respectively (p <0.05). The highest antibacterial effect of cinnamon was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 19 mm. The lowest growth inhibitory concentration was observed for Berberis vulgaris and Zingiber officinalis extracts against S. saprophyticus with 3.1 mg / ml and lower than other types of extracts. P. aeruginosa showed resistance to most plant extracts (p<0.05).

The results of the present study revealed that the plant extracts specially Berberis vulgaris had effective antibacterial activity on most of the bacterial strains. In order to show the optimal antibacterial effect of the studied extracts, it is suggested to study on the animal models and determine their clinical effects.

Non-specific chronic low back pain is the most common type of chronic low back pain in todaychr('39')s society and achieving a therapeutic exercise program has always been the focus of improvement in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. The current study aims at investigating the effects of four-week exercise in the water on the disability, flexibility, and muscle strength of middle-aged men with non-specific chronic low back pain.

 In the present quasi-experimental study, 25 middle-aged men with nonspecific chronic low back pain referred to Noorafshar Hospital in Tehran were randomly divided into two groups, exercise in water (n = 13) and control (n = 12). The training group carried out the selected exercise for 4 weeks and 3 sessions in a week. Before and after the exercise protocol, disability, flexor and extensor muscles strength, and hamstring flexibility were measured using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, Straight Leg Lowering test, Dynamometer, and SLR Test, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Paired t-test (intra-group changes) and independent t-test (inter-group differences). 

After the intervention, the level of disability in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Also hamstring flexibility (P = 0.001) and the strength (P = 0.001) and flexibility of trunk flexor muscles (P = 0.001) were significantly increased in the experimental group.

 The results of the present study indicated that exercise in water could have positive effects on reducing disability, increasing hamstring flexibility and trunk muscle strength in men with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Therefore, exercise in water recommended as a method for middle-aged men with non-specific chronic low back pain that has trunk muscle weakness, reduced hamstring flexibility, and increased disability. However, a comprehensive statement on this issue requires further study in this area.

The effect of drugs on different receptors causes the effect as well as side effects of the drug. For example, dopamine drugs, in addition to their anti-Parkinsonian effects, block the upper parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis and cause infertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluvoxamine on sex hormone levels and ovarian histology in guar gum after injection of bromocriptine.

In the present basic study conducted at Islamic Azad University in 2020, 90 fish with an average weight of 1.3 g were prepared from the female fish breeding center located in Damavand. The fish were divided into 6 groups of 15 including three intact control groups: solvent (70% ethanol) and bromocriptine and 3 treatments of bromocriptine and fluvoxamine at doses of 1, 5 and 10 mg / kg body weight of fish. The injection was given intramuscularly and intramuscularly and under the dorsal fin, so that the day after injection of 5 mg / kg bromocriptine, fluvoxamine was injected in specific doses and this process continued. 20 days after injection, their ovaries were dissected and isolated for biometrics and light microscopy. Tissue hormones 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone and progesterone were measured using a special kit using tissue fluids. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) and one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests. Excel 2016 software was used to draw the charts.

The results of Estradiol and Progesterone and Gonadal index revealed that the groups receiving Fluvoxamine and Bromocriptine had a significant difference with the control group (P≤0.05), and this difference was dose dependent. The results turned out that the levels of these hormones decreased in Bromocriptine control group and increased in Fluvoxamine-receiving treatments. Light microscopy images showed that the ovarian development stage in intact control and solvent control is commonly Cortical stage, but these cells remain in the primary and secondary prenuclear stage in the control group of Bromocriptine. Also in highest dose of fluvoxamine (10mg/kg.Bw) Oocytes are in the vitellogenesis stage and the gonadal index was at its highest. It can be concluded that Bromocriptine blocks the HPG axis while Fluvoxamine restimulates it, therefore there was a possibility of the presence of Serotonin receptors on the gonadal surface.

It can be concluded that bromocriptine causes blockade of HPG axis and fluvoxamine re-stimulates the GnRH pathway, so that the ovary in the treatment receiving the highest dose of fluvoxamine was predominantly in the vitellogenesis index and more it was its value, so it is possible for the serotonin receptor to be present on the gonadal surface.

Today, nerve cells can be studied using nanotechnology (molecular nanoelectronics). Studies have shown that disturbances in the normal functioning of brain cells can lead to neuropsychiatry attacks. One of the most common diseases (disorders) of the nervous system of the brain is epileptic seizures. In this case, due to electrical discharge of a group of brain neurons, the electrical potential of the brainwave thresholds is higher than normal, which can cause seizures or seizures in the patient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and evaluate theoretically and computationally the use of molecular nanoelectronic technology in the purposeful observation of electrical waves in the brain.

In the present theoretical-computational study conducted at Qom University in 2020, a molecular system for the detection of destructive electrical waves in the brain (waves beyond the threshold of normal brain waves) in patients with epilepsy was discussed. In this regard, several molecular systems such as; Wires, switches, and molecular memory were proposed to monitor electrical waves in the brain. This molecular circuit could be used to predict times close to neuro-cerebral attacks. In this regard, using the quantum theory of density citizenship (at the computational level of DFT-B3LYP / 6-31G), some electronic properties of molecular systems were studied. Gaussian quantum software (G09) was also used to perform the calculations. In this regard, in the absence and the presence of an external electric field, the molecular structure was optimized. Then the electron wave function of the proposed molecular components was investigated. The obtained data here were analyzed using Gaussian (G09) and GaussView(GV5) quantum software.

The results of the present theoretical-computational (non-clinical) study revealed that the design of molecular systems (components) with the ability to respond to brain waves was possible. Calculations indicated that all nanomaterials used in this molecular system could function within the range of brain waves. Therefore, during the occurrence of neuro-cerebral attacks, they can alert the person or those around him by informing him of the occurrence of these attacks.

Based on the results gained from the present study, it possible to design devices and equipment for Nanomedicine (such as warning systems for neurological and heart attacks) payment. In this regard, molecular electronic knowledge can be used, such molecular devices can open new horizons in improving the quality of treatment and life of neurological patients.

Preeclampsia is the most common and at the same time the most unknown pregnancy-related disease, is the leading cause of death in pregnant women worldwide. Increased systemic inflammatory factors as a result of decreased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines during pregnancy have caused inflammation to play a key role in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between interleukin 19 gene polymorphism and the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women.

The present descriptive-analytical case-control study was conducted in 2017 at the Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch. The statistical population of the study included 300 women referred to Valiasr Hospital of Kazerun, which were devided into two groups: 150 women with preeclampsia were selected as the case and 150 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control. After sampling and DNA extraction, the rs2243191T/C polymorphism was examined by ARMS-PCR method. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square and t-test.

a significant difference was seen in the frequency of CC, CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.05) in the rs2243191T / C polymorphism position of IL-19 gene encoding among pregnant women with Preeclampsia and pregnant women are healthy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of C and T alleles (p = 0.208). Apart from seizure parameter (p = 0.003) and patient age (p = 0.015) for other factors measured such as protein excretion in urine, patient inflammation, blood pressure, hypothyroidism, diabetes, history of abortion, History of previous infection, multiplication, primiparous and multiplicity No significant differences were observed between the patient and control groups.

Due to the significant association between rs2243191T/C polymorphism and the occurrence of preeclampsia, the presence of this polymorphism can be considered as a predictor of preeclampsia.

Pneumothorax is a common finding after trauma and with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from a concealed pneumothorax detectable only by a CT scan accidentally, to a potentially fatal tension pneumothorax. Pneumothorax can gradually progress to tension pneumothorax and become an emergency, consequently, a timely diagnosis is essential. Most traumatic patients have unstable conditions and are risky to transport for radiological evaluation, so they need a fast and bedside way of diagnosis. Currently, sonography is the only acceptable method which is available bedside. This study designed at this center to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in trauma condition and comparing to that of CT scan as the final test for pneumothorax diagnosis.

in this cross-sectional prospective and analytical study in 2019, 290 patients were eligible for the study, fitted the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS). A computerized tomography scan (CT) and extended Focused Assessment Sonography of Trauma (eFAST) done for each patient. Sonography performed while regarding the standards for the eFAST examination. During the sonography examination, the process of resuscitation not impaired or stopped. Conform to the entry and exit criteria of the study, data collected in a questionnaire and entered in R software version 3.6.1. A series of tests including Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR-), ROC curve analysis, McNemar test, and the Kappa coefficient used for evaluation. The results compared with that of the CT scan as the definitive diagnostic method.

from 290 patients enrolled in the study,  71% male and %29 were female. The mean age was 38.72 ± 16.7 years, and the age range was 14 to 78 years. The age distribution of the patients was not normal and skewed positively for 20 to 40 years old (median age 34.5 years old). The cause of trauma was non-penetrating in 99.3% and penetrating in 0.7%. According to the CT scan results as the final diagnostic method, 37 patients developed pneumothorax. Ultrasound sensitivity and specificity in pneumothorax diagnosis were 81.1% and 98.4%, respectively. The positive predictive and negative predictive for eFAST were 88.2% and 97.2%. Data fitness evaluated by the Kappa coefficient and McNemar test (Kappa of 0.82 and a p-value of 0.365). These tests showed a high concordance between the two diagnostic methods (eFAST and CT scan) for pneumothorax diagnosis. The area under the ROC curve for sonography was 0.898 and had a relatively good overlap with that of the ROC curve for CT scan.

In general, extended Focused Assessment Sonography of Trauma is valuable in the diagnosis of pneumothorax with a diagnostic value close to CT scan. If positive for pneumothorax, the result is precise, but when negative, additional assessment required due to a lower sensitivity. It could also be a better substitute for a simple chest x-ray.

Breath-hold diving has a long history in many countries and has been used to catch pearls and seafood. In the last few decades, diving has become a popular sports activity in throughout the world and educators around the world are training this recreational activity. Inappropriate working conditions, long working hours, use of heavy equipment for a long time and frequently, working in awkward postures are the things that diving coaches always face when working. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and musculoskeletal disorders in diving coaches and their relation with musculoskeletal abnormalities.

In the present descriptive-analytical study that was performed on 57 diving instructors of Kish Island in 2019, samples were selected in full and 51 people from the study population participated in this study. In order to determine the prevalence of pain and musculoskeletal disorders from the standard Nordic questionnaire, to evaluate kyphosis and lordosis abnormalities from flexible rulers, cruciate ligament abnormalities and braces from the caliper and head forward abnormalities from AutoCAD imaging and body profile software were used. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used to display the data, and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient test, were used to investigate the relationship between abnormalities and musculoskeletal pain. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Pearson correlation coefficient test.

The findings indicated that the highest frequency of pain in the neck region was observed with 33.3% and the lowest frequency of pain in the ankle region was 15.7%. Correspondingly, forward head anomalies were highest with 19.6% and genuvalgum abnormalities with a frequency of 5.9% had the lowest abundance. There was a positive and significant correlation between pain in each region of the body and abnormalities in that area. (p <0/000).

According to the findings of the present study, the presence of anomalies and, consequently, the presence of pain in different parts of the body of the diverchr('39')s coaches could affect both their working life and their normal life. In order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders and increase the performance of these people, The Professional Association of Divers could promote and improve the quality of work and non-work done by properly communicating with their coaches and supporting them and creating an appropriate environment for the continuing professional activity of coaches.

The leaves of the Aloe Vera plant (yellow aloe) have long been used in medicine and nutrition by various communities. Some physiological effects of this plant have long been used to treat some gastrointestinal disorders such as gastric ulcer and gastric acid return to the esophagus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Aloe Vera leaf on the movements of the isolated colon of male rats and its interaction with cholinergic, adrenergic and nitric oxide systems.

In the present study conducted in 2016, 25 rats were included in the study. 20 mature male rats of Wistar race with the average weight between 180 to 250 grams and three months of age were randomly chosen. The mice were kept in light controlled conditions (12 hours cycle of lightness and darkness) and temperature of 22±2 degrees Celsius and enough food and water for one week. Adult male rats were anesthetized by ethyl ether, their colon tissue (ascending) separated and divided into 1 cm segments. The parts were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bath with oxygenated thyrod solution (37 ° C, pH = 7.4). The mechanical activity of their colon was recorded by force isotonic transducer  and Power Lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of acetylcholine10-6 M , atropine1.7×  10-3 M, epinephrine 10-6 M, propranolol 10-6 M and L-NAME10-4  M in the presence and absence of the extract. The collected data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test and considering p≤0.05 as a significant level. (P≤0.05 ).

Tissue mechanical activity in the presence of extract was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease in tissue mechanical activity was observed in the presence of combined extract and propranolol compared with the control group, but a significant difference in the presence of acetylcholine, atropine, epinephrine, nitric oxide synthetize inhibitor (L-NAME) and the extract in comparison with the control group was not observed (p≤0.05).

The present study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of aloe vera leaf had a modulating effect on colonic movements, which may be related to the cholinergic and nitrogenous systems and is independent of the adrenergic system.

Extramarital affairs is a shocking issue for couples and families that play a major role in marital conflicts and coupleschr('39') tendency towards divorce. The purpose of this study was to determine and predict marital satisfaction based on personality traits and coping styles in married people with extramarital relationships in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province.

The research method adopted was correlational in nature. The study population consisted of all married people who due to extramarital affairs in the years 2016-2017 had referred to the welfare divorce reduction centers of K.B province, counseling centers of K.B provinces, as well as courts and other related cases. The sample group consisted of 234 people who were selected by the available sampling and according to the satisfaction of individuals to participate in the research. For the purpose of data collection, use was made of three questionnaires, namely NEO Personality Inventory, Marital Satisfaction Scale Enrich Questionnaire and Indler and Parker Coping Styles.

The findings indicated that Personality Traits and Coping Styles had a significant correlation with Marital Satisfaction. The results correspondingly revealed that the characteristics of extraversion, agreementability, problem-oriented and emotion-oriented explain a total of 29% of the variance of marital satisfaction. In addition, the variables of extraversion, agreementability, problem-oriented and emotion-oriented with beta of 0.21, 0.10, and -0.09, respectively, had a significant contribution in predicting marital satisfaction.

Generally speaking, the findings of the present study indicated that extraversion was the strongest predictor of marital satisfaction. Moreover, personality traits and coping styles were the psychological foundation of peoplechr('39')s stable relationships with others and were therefore a key predictor of marital satisfaction.