فصلنامه رهیافت انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 53 (زمستان 1399)

One of the important dimensions of national security is its software dimension, which can be the result of soft power. Meanwhile, due to its soft security features and functions, elections can be a matter of security and one of the factors of security and insecurity. Accordingly, the present article, while defining and explaining the concepts of elections, soft power and soft security through a descriptive-analytical method, using written sources and studies, seeks to answer the question, how and how elections are produced. Does it create security or insecurity ?Findings showed that elections in the atmosphere of soft power and values, legitimacy of the political system, authority and efficiency of government, rule of law, democracy, institutionalized political participation, national cohesion, culture of competition and interaction and political capacity, etc. produce soft security And provides security. On the other hand, elections in the atmosphere of injuries and threats in various constituencies and contexts that can be the result of underlying, individual and behavioral causes and factors, laws and regulations and structure, cause soft threats and create insecurity.

The selection of agents in the Islamic political system has a special feature in which it emphasizes the implementation of Islamic rules in society and in the process of selecting agents, the opinion of the people is important. Accordingly, at the head of the Islamic system is the Supreme Leader, who, given the continuity of the Islamic government after the era of the Infallible Absence, can play a direct and indirect role in the selection or appointment of agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the selection of agents in the Islamic political system, which is also headed by the Supreme Leader. While two competing theories, namely Velayat-e-Faqih and supervision of Faqih and their role in determining or not appointing agents of the Islamic system can be proposed as theoretical challenges in the present discussion. Therefore, the question that is considered is: What reasons can be used to justify the role of the Supreme Leader in the process of selecting or appointing agents in the Islamic political system? The answer that can be provided is that Vali-e-Faqih, as a continuation of the movement of the prophets and infallibles in the age of absence in terms of implementing Islamic rules and Sharia, as well as in terms of observing the standards of religious democracy, plays an important role in advancing the affairs of Islamic society. It also pays attention to the good of the people in the Islamic society. This responsibility causes the direct and indirect role of the Supreme Leader in the affairs of selecting the agents of the Islamic system and moving on the basis of reforming the affairs of the Islamic society. The present study shows that the theory of supervising the jurist is an incomplete theory due to the lack of understanding of the distinction between the Islamic system and other systems and also ignoring the role of expediency in solving the problems of the Islamic system. In the present article, a descriptive-analytical method has been used.

Human rights is a global and pervasive issue that takes different forms according to the needs of each society and based on political, social, economic, cultural and ideological requirements. In addition to its specific principles, the UN Declaration of Human Rights also addresses the human rights education approach. The Islamic Republic of Iran, considering the acceptance of the Declaration of Human Rights, has considered the approach of human rights education with regard to the content of Islamic human rights and taking into account internal considerations. Given this approach, the question of the present study is what distinguishes the approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran to human rights education in the light of international instruments, including the United Nations Human Rights Institution? Findings show that Islamic human rights education has a religious aspect compared to the international institutional approach and pays attention to the concurrence of rights and duties. In addition, human rights education should focus on promoting the principles of dignity, spirituality, attention to human perfection and well-being, as well as the divine foundations for human well-being. It is in this way that existing approaches are criticized by international bodies, including the United Nations human rights body. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library.

The family as one of the basic pillars of the social system has long been considered by various schools and communities. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to study the family financial system and its effects and consequences for the formation of a favorable lifestyle in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The question of the present study is that in what ways does the legal reform of the family financial system affect the formation of a favorable lifestyle in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The present study shows that the legal reform of the family financial system in terms of attention to a life of peace, justice and responsibility, enjoyment of economic benefits as well as the principle of independence and respect for family ownership play an important role in shaping a desirable lifestyle. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is known as the Islamic-Iranian lifestyle. A participatory model with responsibility and homework can be considered a guarantee for the realization of a desirable lifestyle. For this reason, paying attention to the original Islamic principles, verses and hadiths, as well as considering the individual and general interests of the family for the formation of a desirable life in the Islamic Republic of Iran can be helpful. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical, which is performed in the light of the analysis of verses and hadiths, jurisprudential and legal principles.

In this article, using Foucault's political rationality approach and examining the works related to Foucault's political rationality and examining some cases of religious reform, as well as comparing the elements of classical political philosophy and modern political philosophy to identify the three political rationalities "Emirate", "Old Shepherd". The "new shepherd" and their characteristics have been identified, separated and classified, so the necessary criteria for identifying the political rationality of Ayatollah Motahhari and Akhundzadeh have been obtained. In this study, the researcher seeks to answer some basic principles and important questions: "1. What was the political rationality of Ayatollah Motahhari? 2. What was the political rationality of Akhundzadeh? 3- What similarities and differences can be Recognize the political rationality between the two? The results show that Ayatollah Motahari sought a compromise between religion and politics and believed that the two were inseparable, but Akhundzadeh, influenced by humanism, religious reform in Western Christianity and modern Western philosophy. , Believed that religion is the ancestor of politics and according to political thought in the West, believes that religion should not interfere in government.One of the most important concepts that can explain the different intellectual angles of Ayatollah Motahhari and Akhundzadeh is Foucault's political rationality The answer to these three questions seems to have a significant impact on our historical consciousness.

An environmental crisis occurs when a change in the environment of a species or population dangers its survival. Iran's environment suffers from crises such as water, air and soil pollution, global warming and greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of natural resources and fossil fuels, waste disposal, deforestation and desertification, lack of rainfall and depletion of water resources, pollution Water, and animal’s extinction. In this article, in a descriptive-analytical method and with library method, a comparative study of the approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran and international institutions to Iran's environmental crises in the period after the Islamic Revolution has been done. The results of this study show that international institutions, on the one hand, have taken steps to protect the environment by enacting environmental laws, and on the other hand, by imposing complex sanctions, have made it very difficult to deal with crises. In recent years, according to Article 50 of the Constitution, several governmental and non-governmental institutions and organizations have been active in reducing environmental crises in the country, which can be considered useful and toward sustainable development due to the improvement of Iran's ranking in the Environmental Performance Index in 2020.

The most important common goal of human beings in life is to achieve "happiness" and to create a "prosperous" society. However, most of these communities have gone astray in finding this elixir. Muslim thinkers, especially Sadr al-Mutallah and Imam Khomeini, have expressed many views in this regard and the role of government in laying the groundwork for this important issue. Although the way to achieve happiness in Sadra is more individual and in Imam Khomeini's view is individual, social, political and governmental, but both believe that happiness is a real thing, voluntary, achievable and worldly-hereafter, in two dimensions. It is science and practice And in explaining the patterns of government and politics in achieving the prosperity of society, while the mission of all divine prophets and saints (pbuh) is to create a divine government to achieve the prosperity of society, the models of Islamic government in different dimensions and in accordance with nature They know the divine and the heavenly teachings based on revelation. In this research, while collecting information through documentary methods and library studies, he analyzes and explains the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Imam Khomeini (ra) as two great Islamic thinkers on the role of government in "happiness" and "prosperity" in this world and the hereafter. Special and their common points refer to the structural model of society's prosperity.

According to Foucault's theory, no text is free of ideological inductions. Today, critical discourse analysis can reveal the ideologies and beliefs that cast a shadow over the text. In the present study, 12 texts from domestic newspapers in the field of resistance economics have been analyzed according to the sociological-semantic concept of Leeuwen (1996). The findings confirm the main hypothesis of the research and indicate that the components of "deletion", "activation / passivation", "characterization / unidentification", "reference gender / reference type" and "abstraction / objectification" have been used in the texts of resistance economics. Among the data, seven newspapers that were closer to the core of power were more explicitly involved in reporting on the resistance economy proposed by the Supreme Leader, and five newspapers, which were mainly run by the economic community, were more secretive. The results also show that the more communication with the nuclei of power in society, the more explicit and the less access to sources of power, the less explicit in the expression of ideas. It is worth mentioning that the results of this research can be useful for the media to deal with the resistance economy, regardless of any particular bias or belief, and to be more diligent in expressing the importance of domestic production and economic dependence on other countries in this economic crisis and cowardly sanctions.

The subject of this article is part-time service and the philosophy of special human rights protections for women in the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. With a descriptive and analytical approach and with the method of collecting documentary and library data and also by reviewing the relevant set of laws, this research tries to answer to this question: to what extent are the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of part-time service for women in line with the special support provided to women at the international level? The research hypothesis is that the approach of the Iranian legislator in practice is in compliance with these international standards. However, the results of the research reveal the fact that the mentioned adaptation in the field of part-time service of women originates more than anything from the Islamic rulings in which, while emphasizing the dignity and individual dignity of women, his educational role is especially emphasized in the sacred institution of the family. As a result, it can be argued that this method of organizing work as a special support and, more precisely, a kind of positive discrimination not only in support of working women, but also in line with incentive policies for childbearing as well as the family.

In order to ensure its security in the Middle East, Iran seeks to increase regional power within the framework of defensive realism, and the transnational policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran are moving towards security models, ie balance and balance of power. In this study, the question was raised: What effects have the developments in the Middle East had on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran? According to the research, this hypothesis was raised and it was proved that the geopolitical changes in the Middle East by changing the balance of power and creating strategic regional opportunities for the Islamic Republic of Iran, through the processes and factors of domestic politics led to the adoption of influence development policy in the form of active regionalism. And the expansion of the capabilities of the country's strategic allies in the form of the axis of resistance. Iran also in line with its transnational policies; It has continued to build and maintain a strong network of allies and proxy forces, and has established links with governmental and non-governmental actors in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen to expand its influence. In this research, descriptive-analytical method and using the power balance framework, an attempt has been made to study the transnational policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the security of Iran and the Middle East.

The purpose of this article is to study the jurisprudential-theological principles of Imam Khomeini in the leadership of the Islamic Revolution in terms of management, goals and objectives related to the goals of the Holy Shari'a. The main question of the article is this which jurisprudential-theological principles did Imam Khomeini use in the leadership of the revolution that led to the general acceptance of his leadership. The results are the connection between the intentions of Sharia and the spirit of religion with the goals of the Islamic Revolution, the relationship between expediency and province and its role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Implementing Imam Khomeini's political and jurisprudential leadership in the victory of the Islamic Revolution and linking the elements of struggle against domination and oppression, and seeking justice with the theoretical and practical foundations of Imam Khomeini's leadership with the approach of Sharia goals, as well as a coherent link between Imam Khomeini's views on private law and public law. They have been the same on jurisprudential-theological frameworks. The data collection method was documentary and the article approach was descriptive-analytical.

The subject of this article is to examine the relationship between traditional political culture and the citizenship and instability of the parties of the constitutional era. The main question of the article is what effect the component of political culture had on the formation and collapse of the parties of the constitutional era. Therefore, in this article, the effect of political culture as an independent variable on the life cycle of political organizations as a dependent variable has been investigated. The hypothesis of the article is that The prevalence of intellectual imitation political culture, which was influenced by Western political experiences and superficial information of political activists influenced by Caucasian immigrants, In addition to ignoring the indigenous-Islamic political culture, it provided the basis for the instability of the party's experience in the constitution. The results are shown, the lack of a stable tradition of participatory political culture and the reliance on imported and imitative political culture (from the Western and Caucasus channels), and the disregard for indigenous-Islamic culture, made the existence of constitutional political parties virtually impossible. The method of data collection was Documentary and the method of descriptive analysis was the sociological explaining of political culture.

The present article examines the position of the political elites of the Bakhtiari people in the contemporary history of Iran. The main question of this article: What is the special historical position of Bakhtiari political elites and what social and political variables forced them to act according to the situation? Based on this question, the hypothesis that is raised is that in two important periods of contemporary Iranian history (constitutionalism and the first and second Pahlavi), the influential variable of Bakhtiari elite is based on property, while this variable undergoes a major change in 1979. The results of the research show that during the Islamic Revolution, the distinction between the Bakhtiari elites and the masses disappeared and it is precisely the integrated body of the people that sided with the revolution and played a role in its eventual victory. The research method in this article is to collect historical documents in a library manner and then analyze the data.

This article examines good governance and the role of government in implementing its characteristics in Iran. Provides subject matter and degree of compliance. Based on this, two technocratic and reformist governments have been elected. This choice was due to the fact that after the first decade of the revolution, the mentioned governments were looking for a different kind of governance, which should be compared with the subject of research. The article seeks to answer the question of how the indicators of good governance have been adapted in the periods in question to the theory of good governance? The research findings show that although there are various mechanisms in the Iranian constitution to achieve good governance indicators such as participation, rule of law, transparency, accountability, consensus building, justice, efficiency and effectiveness and accountability, but in The actions of the surveyed governments have not been very successful in achieving these indicators. Although growth has been achieved in some indicators such as Gini coefficient, human development, political participation, employment, level of awareness, mass media, higher education, literacy and health, the performance of governments in most indicators of good governance has not been successful. However, the conditions for good governance in Khatami's government have been more favorable than in Hashemi's government.

The subject of this article is the study of the process of government transformation in contemporary Iran from the Constitution to the first Pahlavi. The formation of the modern state in contemporary Iran began with the formation of the constitution and new institutions, but with the change in some of its foundations in the first Pahlavi government, it found its final form to a large extent, although not as consistent as its original concept, the Western text. This study, according to the nine characteristics of the modern government, namely 1. Monopoly control over the means of violence; 2. Being territorial; 3. Sovereignty; 4. Government based on the Constitution; 5. Impersonal power; 6. General bureaucracy; 7. authority / legitimacy; 8. Citizenship; 9. The tax collector has tried to answer the question of how "modern" the evolution of the government from the constitution to the first Pahlavi government has been? The hypothesis of the article is that in the evolution of the government from the constitution to the first Pahlavi, some elements of the modern government that existed before in the Qajar and constitutional governments continued, some were formed in the first Pahlavi era and some remained incomplete. The results of the research show that in the evolution of the government from the constitution, in which some of the most important institutions and structures of the modern government were formed to the modern Pahlavi government, this government monopolized the control of violence, sovereignty, public bureaucracy and taxation. It pursued the modern state, but in cases such as constitutional government, impersonal power, authority / legitimacy, and citizenship, it could not accurately represent the modern state. The research method in this article is qualitative descriptive-analytical and the data is collected in the form of a library and through phishing.

The subject of the article is regulatory mechanisms from the perspective of public law in the Islamic government. The main question of the article is to re-read the views of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei on the role and importance of supervision in the Islamic government. The hypothesis of the article is that enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, It is not just in the realm of individual morality, Rather, it has a regulatory institutional position in the public sphere of Medina (police) in the Islamic government. Which provides regulatory mechanisms for citizens. The article concludes that enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil not only has an institutional status and constructs regulatory mechanisms, but can also be an alternative in public law to its corresponding debates in Western models, and has great potential that thinkers can have in public law and power theories to refer to it. The data were provided by documentary and the research method was descriptive-analytical.