Iranian Journal of Management Studies
Volume:14 Issue: 3, Summer 2021

Achieving development alongside welfare is considered one of the main criteria of the power of countries. By virtue of unique authority, the public sector plays a significant role in increasing wellbeing. Thus, the aim of this research is to test relationships between variables with an emphasis on the role of human capital in promoting national wellbeing. The research methodology is correlation, and the primary sources of gathering data were international databases such as the World Bank, UNDP, UNPAN, etc. The analysis was at country level. Research results indicate that the public sector, with its unique human resource, can enhance the capacity for national competitiveness, improve good governance, and promote wellbeing.

In this study, we discuss a location-inventory-pricing model considering the capacity constraints of the warehouses, disruption, and multiple perishable products. We extend a model that assumes that warehouses may face disruption, failed warehouses cannot cover any service, and their customers are assigned to other warehouses. To decrease the risk of disruption, we examine the efficiency of markup pricing strategy and support services. The objective function of this MINLP is to maximize the total profit of warehouses. To solve this model, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) are used. To evaluate the recommended model, several sensitivity analyses are proposed. Finally, the results of numerical experiments implicate the high-performance of GOA in dealing with problems and achieving better results. According to the results, backup services and markup pricing strategies are very effective in reducing the damage caused by the disruption.

A sales decline period disrupts the time series of earnings and, consequently, reduces their predictability. Such a situation can lead to inappropriate decisions by investors. Therefore, managers need to respond appropriately to negative news resulting from sales decline. Manager response is related to forecasting future sales situations, which could affect risk to the firm. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managers' forecasts of future sales on the risk of companies that have experienced sales decline. In this study, the ratio of the changes in operating profit margin was used to compare companies with optimistic and pessimistic managers. To investigate the research hypotheses, the Fama-French five-factor model was used to depict a period of 11 years, from 2007 to 2017, for the companies that are accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange. It should be noted that the market beta of the Fama-French five-factor model is distinguished by upside potential and downside risk factors, making it possible to study them individually. The findings imply that in companies with optimistic managers, the upside potential is more than the downside risk, but in companies with pessimistic managers, there is no significant difference between the upside potential and the downside risk.

The competitive environment of financial markets has made companies successful in this field that rely on the creation of pluralistic values, inimitable resources, and their competitive capacity to develop a coherent manner to gain more market share based on the capabilities they acquire. While having potential future returns from a competitive perspective, developing these capabilities, can also improve the level of interaction of the company with stakeholders and enhance the company's competitive performance. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of the dynamic competitive capabilities on financial reporting quality. In this study, 93 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2007 to 2018 were studied. In this study, technological capability based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure dynamic competitiveness and the quality of accruals, and voluntary accruals were used to measure the quality of financial reporting. The results of statistical analysis and testing of research hypothesis showed that the technology based on source-based approach has a positive and significant effect on the quality of corporate financial reporting. This result suggests that with the development of dynamic competitiveness, the company will be more capable of creating more sustainable resources at a competitive market level, which can lead to improved quality of corporate financial reporting.

Investors generally make decisions based on risk and stock returns, and their decisions are influenced by two factors, namely macroeconomic variables and microeconomic variables. The behavioral factors affecting investment decisions are investigated in the area of behavioral finance. In other words, behavioral finance focuses on specific human behavior attributes and their utilization in asset pricing. Behavioral asset pricing is the result of applying behavioral finance theories within traditional asset pricing theories. Although there are many asset-pricing models, due to their weaknesses and incompleteness as well as the necessity of investigating behavioral factors, this study attempted to model asset pricing using behavioral models.The population of the study included all listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange over the years 2008 to 2018, and the sample was selected through systematic elimination of the population. Given these conditions, 141 firms were selected as the sample. The hypotheses were then tested by designing multivariate regression models.The results showed that using Fama-Macbeth approach, accounting information risk, investors’ trading behavior, and investors' sentiments had a significant and direct impact on firms’ stock returns.Thus, it is argued that behavioral variables can play a significant role in Modeling Asset Pricing.

Media can play an effective role in promoting sports participation by the distribution of sports information. In addition, sports activities and events are important sources of information for the media. Moreover, developed countries perform better economically and socially in sports and the media. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of media and sport participation with an emphasis on socio-economic factors. We developed an econometric model through the simultaneous equations approach and using the 2SLS method for provinces of Iran between 2004 and 2017. The results showed that there was an interactive, significant, and positive effect between sports media and athletes' sport participation. In addition, there was an interactive, significant, and positive effect between athletes' sport participation and non-athlete sport participation (referees and coaches). Sports media had a significant and positive effect on non-athletes sport participation but the effect of non-athletes' sports participation (referees and coaches) on the media was not significant. Furthermore, Consumer Price Index (CPI) of food, clothing, housing, and unemployment rate had a significant and negative effect on athletes' sports participation. The effect of GDP on the non-athletes sport participation was significant and positive. Finally, the country's population was found to have a significant and positive effect on sports media.

The main purpose of this study was to comparatively examine the factors that affect the attitudes of different resident groups (local and foreign) toward sustainable tourism development. In the study, the cause and effect relationship between contextual factors that affect residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism development have been analyzed using a multi-criteria decision-making technique for the first time. Moreover, the sub-criteria specifying the environmental, social, economic, and cultural impacts of sustainable tourism were analyzed with the DEMATEL technique. According to the study results, while seasonality was the most affecting factor for the locals, the environmental benefit was the most affecting factor for foreign residents. The factors most affected for the locals were environmental, cultural, and social benefits, and the most affected factors for foreign residents were cultural and social benefits. The results of the study provide important insights for destination planners.

The purpose of this study was understanding environmental awareness about factors of green marketing and creating an indicator those factors. In this study, based on research concourse, theoretical foundations, and mental patterns of experts, the factors affecting green marketing have been selected, grouped, and interpreted based on Q-method steps. The 19 participants present in the study sample were asked to sort and value the factors influencing green marketing in Q sorting layout. Based on this evaluation, six specific functional indicators have been revealed. The changes in the experts’ mental patterns seem to be partly driven by the environmental orientations and the founders of the firms. This study contributes to the existing knowledge base by confirming the current literature on green marketing. Moreover, given the central importance and effect of the indices, the six indices have more importance and significance in green marketing. Their recognition can be used reflexively to predict and manage potential challenges and conflicts in this arena.

Nowadays, the analysis of customer behavior is necessary for active organizations in the field of banking which deal with many customers with different characteristics. In recent years, Shahr Bank of Iran has faced many problems because of poor customer-orientedness and customer services. Therefore, to solve the existing problem, the current study concentrated on segmenting the customers of Shahr Bank based on their expected benefits. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection and analysis. To achieve the research objectives, through field studies and exploratory interviews with customers and banking experts, 165 benefits were extracted. Then, using expert questionnaires, the number of these benefits was reduced, and through factor analysis, nine factors were identified as the most important expected benefits. Moreover, using cluster analysis, four customer segments were extracted, namely benefit-oriented, peace-oriented, interest-oriented, and moderate ones. Finally, a suitable marketing solution was provided to the bank consistent with the most important features of the segments. For bank managers, this paper provides an appropriate view to identify customers' preferencesas an important factor in customer-orientedness and bank profitability.

This article aimed to analyze the direct and indirect impact of diversity management on innovative behavior through employee engagement and affective commitment. The sample used in this study came from a survey of 225 respondents who were employees of one of the prestigious universities in Mashhad. The data was gathered using a questionnaire and analyzed by structural equation modeling with Warp PLS 5. This research verified the direct effect of diversity management on employee innovative behavior. Moreover, results show that diversity management predicts employees’ affective commitment and employee engagement. The impact of affective commitment and employee engagement on employees’ innovative behavior was confirmed, too. The results show that diversity management, affective commitment, and employee engagement predict each phase of idea generation, idea promotion, and idea implementation. Based on this study, we recommend that human resource practices should institutionalize effective diversity management like training, employment, progression, and promotion. Furthermore, the high level of employee engagement and affective commitment could be considered by universities to increase innovative behavior. The current research addresses a gap in the current literature in the diversity management and innovative behavior context by employing different theoretical bases, including Social Exchange Theory and Institutional Theory.