فصلنامه زبان شناسی اجتماعی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، بهار 1400)

In its early days, Onomastics only addressed the etymology (history and origin) of names diachronically. Social linguistics adopted a synchronic framework and turned onomastics from an archaist science to a modern one dealing with contemporary society. It is impossible to ignore the role names play in shaping individuals’ cognitive structures in different communities. Thus, cognitive linguistics also showed an interest in this subject. Names are multifaceted linguistic elements. Similar to traditional and philosophical studies, social onomastics mostly deal with proper names, but cognitive linguistics, especially studies of Geeraerts et al., address common names. Labov (1972) sees urban social linguistics as the science of field studies; this view can be safely applied to onomastic studies, especially to the approach that addresses onomastics from a socio-cognitive perspective with an emphasis on use and context. After a quick philosophical and diachronic review of literature, the current paper examined contemporary onomastics studies from a sociocognitive perspective. A close observation of the historical evolution of onomastics shows that the scope of onomastic research has expanded, word-formation (lexical generation) processes draw less attention. Instead, lexical structure and different quantitative approaches, which study the strength of onomastic processes, are receiving more attention by the day.

This is a fundamental research whose method is content analysis. It attempted to examine some cognitive and social elements of the texts of Teaching Persian Language in Persian (6th book) (Islamic Language and Education Training Center, 1395) for non-Persian learners of Al-Mustafa International University in the framework of socio-cognitive linguistics. The unit of analysis was "sentence" and all of the texts were examined. To do this, all sentences containing image schemas were extracted from among the 1150 sentences existing in the book while availing from Johnsons’ 1987 research. Then, from among these (430) sentences, 400 ones containing social variables were extracted and analyzed. In these sentences, the image schemas of "movement", "force", "collection" and "content" made the most metaphorical conceptualization, and the image schemas of "link", "merging" and "attraction" had the least share. Besides, social variables of "religion", "power", "politeness", "consciousness" and "dignity" have rolled in a metaphorical system. Moreover, the results indicate the influence of texts by the type of audience, the purpose of learning the Persian language, and the writers’ style and attitude.

Among daily speech acts, compliments and their responses are of high frequency and carry a special cultural-sociological load. As such, the present study aimed at investigating compliment responses (CRs) employed by Iranian EFL learners on Instagram. In doing so, 360 CRs were collected from 60 Iranian male and female EFL students. Using Maíz-Arévalo’s (2013) framework, students’ compliment responses were analyzed. The findings indicated that the most frequently used response strategy in Instagram was acceptance, and was different from face-to-face CR. In addition, the study showed gender differences in the manifestation of CR. Females responded to compliments longer than their male counterparts did and they showed more emotions in responding to compliments. From a sociolinguistic vantage point, the results of examining such social relationships in online context enable EFL teachers to develop new patterns of social and cultural communication for their students and make them socially and culturally aware to avoid using inappropriate norms, impolite behaviors, and misunderstanding.

The Lori language and its various dialects are a branch of southwestern Iranian dialects. In Mamasani Lori dialect, like many other Iranian dialects, the morphophonological processes have significant varieties. . This study has investigated the morphophonological processes resulting from the addition of the plural morpheme / -æl / to the nominal stems in this dialect based on the framework of optimality approach and answered the following questions:1) What are the allomorphs of plural morpheme in this dialect? What processes, constraints, and rankings govern the alternations, phonetic realizations of optimal outputs resulting from the addition of the plural morpheme to stems?

The present study is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection was field study; in this way, a list of names as well as noun substitute adjectives in the studied dialect was extracted by recording hours of interviews and conversations of the native speakers. Its various contexts have been identified in the sample of the studied data based on the authors’ intuitive linguistic knowledge and the theoretical basis of the research. Data were transcribed based on the ɪnternational Phonetic Alphabet and all plural morpheme textures in these data were analyzed.

In this study, the singular nominal stems ending in consonant are changed to their plural forms by adding the plural morpheme / æl / to them. In this process, by re-syllabification, the onset position of the plural morpheme is filled. The Alignment constraint (ALIGN-R) governs the re- syllabification process, in which the alignment constraint is violated to satisfy the dominating high ranked ONSET constraint. In the hiatus context of the addition of nouns ending in the phonetic chain / jæ / and the plural morpheme / - æl /, first the insertion process of intrusive consonant / j / is occurred and then deletion process is happened based on dissimilation process and under the OCP constraint. The insertion process is used to prevent the hiatus of the nominative stem vowels and the plural morpheme / -æl / vowel, and is used in the chain or phonetic context, for example at the boundary of the nominal stems ending in the vowel / ɑ: / and the plural morpheme vowel, in which Deletion process is not applicable. In this study, the glide / j / is considered to be the underlying intrusive consonant based on the common phonetic features of the vowels and / j /, which as a result of assimilating with vowel of  the stems ending in / u: / is realized as labial glide / w / and In two cases it becomes / -ɟ / due to  partial assimilation with nasal consonant of the stems and also it is realized as / n / in the other two stems under complete assimilating process with  nasal consonant of the stems. Another assimilating process occurs as a result of the adjacency of the final vowel of the nominal stems ending in / æ / with the intrusive consonant / j /, which changes the final vowel of the nominal stem into the vowel / ɪ /. Discussion &

The findings showed that the constraints HIATUS, ONSET and NUC have the highest ranks in the morpho-phonological analysis of plural morpheme with combination of the nouns of Mamasani Lori dialect and Violation of these constraints is fatal and leads to the production of non-optimal choices/candidates in this dialect.

Communication strategies are the strategies people use to communicate more effectively and efficiently. In this study, we have examined the communication strategies used in Iranian television interviews between a TV announcer as the host of a program and an expert as the guest on the program. Guests and hosts were selected from both sex groups to determine the effect of gender on the use of these strategies. A total of six strategies (three aggressive strategies and three supportive strategies) were considered and 26 television interviews from Iranian television networks were recorded and transcribed. Then the extent of usage of these strategies were examined and analyzed. The findings showed that guest women used more hedges, back channels, intensifiers and delays than guest men. Host men used more intensifiers and silences than host women. Also, guest women used more hedges and intensifiers than host men. Guest men used the silence strategy more often than host women. Considering these findings, it can be argued that there is a significant difference between communication strategies used by men and women, but gender is not the only determining variable and the position of individuals has played a role in the use of communication strategies .

The research aims to investigate the most frequent types of disagreement strategies relative to face among PNU staffs. The data were collected from a telegram group entitled Kanoon Karkonan-e Noor in a three-month period from March, 20th, 2020 to June 20th, 2020. The data included 156 disagreement strategies on different topics and were analyzed based on Muntigl and Turnbull’s (1998: 228-233) taxonomy. The findings indicated that counter claim is the most frequent type of disagreement strategy among the members of the Telegram group. Counter claim entails further dialogues and threatens the addressee’s face less than the other types. Moreover, other strategies PNU staffs employed from highest to lowest are as follows:1. employee payslip, 2. taking about faculty members, 3. staffs’ dismissals 4. teleworking and 5. other issues. There is scant research on this topic and in Persian language in the literature and this is more evident in Persian studies in computer-mediated communication. This study hopes to add to our knowledge on disagreement in Persian language.

This study aims to use cognitive critical discourse analysis in analyzing the first statements of the recent presidents of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the General Assembly of the United Nations. It seeks to capture how each discourse makes antagonisms through applying metonymy-producing relationships. The main question is how identity and its otherness are articulated in the context of the Iranian presidents’ statements in the UN’s General Assembly and which factors and signs in the metonymy-producing relationships serve this representation. The theoretical framework of this study is composed of Hall’s (2011) approach to discourse analysis based on cognitive linguistics, Laclau and Mouffe’s (2001) Discourse Theory, and Radden and Kövecses (1999) conceptual metonymy. The findings show that each president through using metonymy-producing relationships, profiles some vehicles that both negatively foreground some aspects of the other’s identities, and avoid explicit other-making and overt antagonism with them. On the other hand, all the discourses apply similar metonymys; this behavior denotes their common root as subdiscourses of the Islamic revolution’s metadiscourse.