مجله پژوهشهای راهبردی در علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Increasing consumption of agricultural and food products and concerns about health and food security have led to public attention to the use of new, safe, clean and more efficient sources. Nuclear technology is one of the effective resources in optimizing and increasing productivity in the agricultural and food industries. The main purpose of this study is to identify and enumerate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the development of nuclear technologies in agriculture and food industry. For this purpose, a strategic factor analysis approach was used. The required data were collected through library search, field and face-to-face interviews and completion of a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of 40 people who were purposefully selected from experts and specialists in the fields of passive defense, nuclear technology, agriculture and food industry. The type of this applied research is developmental and the method of its implementation is descriptive-analytical. The result included that 17 strengths and 16 weaknesses for internal factors and 9 opportunities and 9 threats for external factors. The results showed that this research topic is located in the defensive area of ​​the matrix of internal-external factors and defensive strategies are the most appropriate. Also, the option of increasing the variety of products and improving the interest of the production chain to the consumption of agricultural and food products using nuclear technology is the most important strategy and has received the highest score of attractiveness. Based on the passive defense perspective, of course this type of strategy is also considered to eliminate the main challenges and obstacles in the development of applications of nuclear technology in agriculture and food industry.

Determining and using optimized environmental conditions for each crop is required to use greenhouses to produce different crops. These conditions are defined as the initial conditions for the realization of production by growers and the growth stage of the selected plant is followed by the greenhouse controllers in accordance with the environmental conditions associated with the desired plant. Moreover, it is important to identify the nutrient and culture media that allow greenhouse crops to grow under optimal conditions. The evolution of the cultivation and production process cycle depends on the proper and accurate definition and implementation of environmental conditions as well as cultivation conditions. One of the main challenges in locating, designing, building, and operation of greenhouses is the method of controlling the conditions of the environment made in an optimal and suitable level for the growth and development of plants. This study aims to discuss and analyzed in detail the role and necessity of controlling each of the climatic and environmental parameters including temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide root environment (culture medium).

The erosion data collected by plots and Cs137 methods as well as gauged river sediment yields (about 1000 places countrywide) were studied. Due to the large differences in the range of recorded data within each method and between the methods and the limited data compared to the large size and diversity of the country, it was necessary to find a suitable technique for scientific interpretation of these results. The median was selected as the most appropriate erosion/sedimentation measure of center. The median sediment yield rate of the measuring sites, which are mainly located in the mountainous areas of the country, was estimated at 336 t/km2/y. Using EPM estimates corrected by the observed sediment yield data, the country's total annual erosion is approximately 900 million tonnes (550 t/km2). Whereas, soil losses of about 300 plots in the rangelands, forests and drylands are often much less than 100 t/km2/y. In contrast, up to about 3,500 t/km2/y were measured on marl formations. Due to the large differences between erosion in plots and river sediment yields, it is likely that sensitive formations, dryfarming, gullies, landslides and streambank erosion have a greater role in sediment production. Limited sediment source studies also confirm the greater contribution of deep erosion features. Finally, by examining worldwide erosion/sediment yield maps and some global data, it was shown that despite the presence of erosion hot spots and basins with high sediment production in Iran, there are areas with much more critical conditions in Asia and the world.

Forests and the environment play important role in providing income, food, energy, medicines and genetic resources, and a variety of essential materials for the well-being and living conditions of the people and the preservation of culture. In this research, an attempt has been made to elucidate the functions of forests and the environment in Iran and their links to food security and nutrition by reviewing documents and referring to statistics and data of national and international organizations. Direct forest and environment ecosystem services include the sale of wood products, fuel wood or firewood and by-products or   non-wood products. In this study, the statistics related to Iran's forests were briefly pointed out, which include revenues from the harvesting of wood and non-wood products, energy obtained from firewood in cooking for optimal use of food and the direct role of some  non-wood products in direct provision in the food system. Indirect forest and environment ecosystem services play a major role in the “availability” and “stability” components of food systems, including biodiversity, climate change, water regulation and quality, and soil and nutrient cycling conservation. Biodiversity makes production and livelihood systems more resilient to shock and stress including climate change. Climate change and climate diversity threaten the provision of a wide range of important products (timber and         non-timber) and forest environmental services. In this study, while examining the relationship between global environmental changes and food security, the strategies for overcoming the current situation were enumerated.

Time is a precious and limited resource and its management is the most important skill required for each student and it is an important factor for academic success. The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted with the aim of analyzing time management among students in Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University of Kermanshah. The statistical population of the study was 1866 people who 258 people were selected as a sample using simple random stratified sampling method. The results showed that the time management skills for most students are average. Time management is not affected by gender, course of study (day or night) and marital status; at the same time, students' place of residence, occupation and level of education affect their time management skills. Accordingly, the time management skills of doctoral students are at a higher level than those of postgraduate and undergraduate students. There is also a significant and positive relationship between time management and students' academic success. In order to improve students' time management skills, some suggestions are proposed. Therefore, improving the time management skills of students, especially non-native students due to control of their parents and lower education students due to their less time management skills should be considered through holding classes and training courses. Also, increasing the time management skills of instructors as their supervising students should be considered in the form of in-service courses.

What torments Iran’s Agricultural Sector is the mere technocratism aspect with no regard to the other dimensions of development. Technocrats with their single and limited dimension just are in favor of technology application and its advantages regardless of the actual problems often these technologies create in the sector as well as in the society. Agricultural extension and education, the twin complementary educational sub-sector, the only dual dimension expertise in human resource development that from one hand use information communication technology and in the other hand understanding, applying and disseminating production technologies , are acting as the agricultural development vehicle. This qualitative investigation was after the status quo search of agricultural extension and education eco-compatible technologies in Iran using focus group methodology and applying documentary longitudinal descriptive analytical technique. Findings discussed, purified, combined and analyzed in the focus group (the Agricultural Economic and Extension Education Branch of the Iran Academy of Sciences) in terms of specialized, advance agricultural extension and education eco-compatible technologies. Findings reviled at least 18 agricultural extension technology or module, among them Internet of Things (IoT), which is applicable only when precise agriculture and low impute agricultural modules are mass developed and applied.