مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 57 (زمستان 1400)

Today, expanding tourism is one of the most important phenomena. In fact, it can be pretended that in the current conditions, tourists rendezvous have changed from major cities and historic areas to rural and natural spaces, which in turn, it has had a significant impact on the development of rural areas. It is a suitable platform for its sustainable development, and on the other hand, it is also a means to stimulate the growth and development of the national economy. What has been considered as the main purpose of this study is the explanation of the role of tourism in the physical and institutional sustainability of villages. This is a case study was done in 85 villages which enjoy tourist resources and attraction in Amol city of Mazandaran province. The present study was applied and also descriptive-analytic research in terms of purpose and also nature, respectively. Also, the method of collecting information was library and field study. Then, the sample size by the Cochran formula was 365 families estimated. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified through a panel consisting of rural development professors by SPSS software was approved through Cronbach's Alpha calculation in terms of infrastructure improvement items and improving the quality of access to services. Pearson test was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis showed that infrastructure improvement and improving the quality of access to services in the village is related to sustainable rural development.

The aim of this study was to present housing viability indices with an analytical study of the native architecture of Amlash city. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and qualitative research. The statistical population studied in this study is the residents of Amlash city, whose population according to the 2016 census of Iran is 15444 people. The sampling method is random and to estimate the sample size of Cochran's formula and 374 samples. In order to analyze the collected data, regression t-test and resonance fitness tests were used in SPSS software. To analyze the results of the questionnaire, statistical test T was used. The test results show that according to the citizens of Amlash, the environmental dimension has a higher priority due to the difference from the very low and negative average of 0.6002, as well as the special value obtained for it at the rate of 5.2, which is more than other dimensions. To lay the foundation for the viability of housing with the native architectural patterns of Amlash. Economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions have a direct impact on the viability of urban housing with the formal patterns of indigenous architecture of Amlash city due to the amount of beta coefficients and significant results obtained. The cause of the negative beta coefficients and the lack of significance were lacking.

One of the important points in the discussion of urban land use planning is the consideration of the location and spatial distribution of land uses, especially land uses of emergency services, with the aim of improving the efficiency of urban centers and critical facilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of the major hospitals in Urmia with the passive defense approach using Analytical Network Process (ANP) in GIS. Therefore, 14 hospitals in Urmia were studied according to their service radius and geographical distribution, and considering 17 effective indicators in the form of five criteria including environmental criteria, sensitive use, physical, cultural and communication criteria. The method of this study is descriptive-analytic and its nature is theoretical-practical. The results of spatial pattern analysis and zoning of criteria show that Urmia hospitals are not well dispersed and their risks is high during the crisis. Among the hospitals in Urmia, Seyed-alshohada and Milad Hospitals are in good condition, and two are razi and Omid hospitals are in a completely inappropriate condition. The remaining hospitals are also in nearly inappropriate condition.

Preparation and implementation of a rural guide plan for the physical development of villages in Iran. The assessment of the physical effects of implementation of projects is an important issue that can determine the implications of the implementation of the project in the villages and, on the other hand, identify the strengths and weaknesses available to provide the necessary information for better management of projects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical effects of Conductor Plan design in Robatkarim. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population consists of 13 villages in two districts of Manjil Abad and Vahn Abad, which have been implemented for more than a decade. The sample size was 240 households by using Cochran sampling method, which was questioned by random sampling. The findings of the study, based on the results of a one-sample t-test, show that the implementation of the Conductor Plan has a relatively successful performance and has positive and significant effects on the physical dimension. But the physical effects of the plan differ from each other in each of the physical variables and components.

The present study was carried out to compare the effects and Consequence of populated settlements in the two villages of Kang (from Torqabeh Shandiz) and the Sepidar tree (from Mashhad city). Theoretical and empirical researches show that habitat residence plays an important role in the development and attraction of tourists and has many economic, social and environmental impacts on the host society.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods are used for data collection. According to the Cochran formula, 184 people from the village of Kang and 77 villages of the Sepidar Derakht were selected as the sample and questioned. Validity (validity of indicators) was evaluated and confirmed by 10 Experts specializing in the field of tourism studies. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by using Cronbach's test (0.79) and the data were analyzed using a factor analysis method.

According to the Kizer Meyer test (KMO) and Bartlet test, which was equal to 797 and with a significant level of 0/000. The results show that the establishment of the residence of the economic, environmental and physical dimensions with the rates of 0.75 and 0.74, are the most frequent factors. To find out the difference between the effects of Ecotourism residence in Kang and Villas, Mann- Whitney U- test was used and the level of significance was more than 0.05, which indicates the difference between the economic and environmental impacts of the studied Rurals.

The study of the role of the environment and habitat in the formation of vernacular houses in Talesh is the subject of this research. The importance of this issue is because that there is not still enough research on the architecture of this area. The aim of this study is to understand how the environment and livelihood affect the architecture of houses. the main question of this research is that what is the role of environmental factors and the type of livelihood in the formation of houses in this region? Research method is descriptive and analytical and the data collection has been done in the form of field and documentary.The direct variables are the environment and livelihood and the architecture of vernacular houses is the dependent variable in the research. The statistical population is Talesh area and the sampling method is quota. The results of the research shows that the number of service spaces outside the building in foothills are more than the plain and the mountainous but the extent and the space of the area in the plain houses are higher than the foothills and mountains. The average floor area of the ground floor in the total area in the plain area is more than foothills and mountains but the average area of the porch and first floor spaces in the plain is more than the foothills and mountains and the average space of livestock spaces and warehouses in the mountains are more than the plains and foothills, respectively.

Third city space is the same living, social or substitute city space.This space is in the mental maps as the socio-cultural space of the city.In this research, according to this approach, a recent methodology in the study of mental maps has been devoted to the study of the third living space of the city of Rasht in the residents of the formal settlements of District 1 and residents of the informal settlements of the 4 district of Rasht.In this research, the sample size of 60 people from two groups of inhabitants of the settlements was surveyed using theoretical sampling. The information harvesting method has been "interview and observation"; the type of information included: maps, censuses, and photographs.To analyze the qualitative data of the research, the methods of the democratic mapping analysis including qualitative GIS (QGIS) under the analysis of the Space-Time Paths and activities to the analysis of the third-lived space in the mental maps of residents of formal settlements District 1 and residents of informal settlements in the 4 district of Rasht. and the results of the research indicate that, given the mental maps of these two groups of residents, the expansion of the role and place of the class in the "social production of space" has been problematic.

Today's cities have become the main place for people to work and live. The ultimate goal of a city is to create a pleasant and comfortable environment for the people in which they live. Sustainability is fueled by the evolution of planning priorities and the importance of responding to the growing needs of a post-industrial society seeking higher, higher quality facilities and facilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the viability in District 12 of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied. District 12 is populated by 240720 according to the statistics of the year 1395. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample number. Based on the sample number in District 12, 382 cases were distributed among 13 neighborhoods. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS and ArcGIS software. The city council, the lack of favorable public spaces, the lack of protection of the city and its cultural heritage, and various other historical and monumental sites, and many other objects. Economic, social, environmental V... The impact on the city of Tehran and its central part has not been over time.

Urban prosperity was formally introduced in 2012 by the UN-Habitat Program. This concept includes six dimensions of productivity, infrastructure, quality of life, equity and social inclusion, environmental sustainability and governance and legislation. District 18 of Tehran municipality is faced with sprawl development, destruction and increase of environmental pollution, lack of attention to the urban renewal, decay texture, increased cost of services and expansion of informal settlement and poverty. Sadeghiyeh neighborhood has undergone social, cultural, economic and physical degradation in recent years. In this study, neighborhoods of this District were surveyed and ranked based on urban prosperity indices. In this research, library and documentary study was used to formulate the theoretical framework and to determine indicators, field observation was used to identify the status of objective indexes, and a questionnaire was used to identify the state of subjective indexes of urban prosperity. Numerical taxonomy model and ARC GIS, SPSS and EXCEL were used to analyze this data and information and final evaluation of the flourishing indices of these neighborhoods. The results of the research show that the study area has so far not enjoyed prosperous policies and programs and the establishment of spatial and service justice. In addition to preparing this plan, this damage necessitates a rethinking of the planning and executive measures of the area. One of the most important aspects of this review is the thematic and local comprehensiveness of the region's prosperity and districts and to attract inclusive participation of citizen from the policy-making stage to the implementation.

The expansion of different problems in cities has clarified the necessity for comprehensive attention to useful strategies to optimize the life of residents in cities. In line with these new developments, new concepts and terms like creative city entered the area of urban management and planning and was used by urban scholars and planners for describing the new roles and functions of cities.Cross impact analysis is a method for identifying the key factors. Micmac software was used for this analysis.In this regard, the results of studies indicated that seven factors (Modern technologies, Tourism quality, Access to internet technologies, Educational programs and activities, Variety of job opportunities, Handicrafts and local exhibitions and Number of entrepreneurs) can be identified as the key factors in creating the creative city of Rasht. Then, a 21 * 21 cross matrix was designed for seven key factors based on the possible states of Rasht development with a creative approach to prepare the scenario portfolio and it was then provided to experts along with a questionnaire and a guide on how to respond. The data collected at this stage were entered into scenario wizard software for analysis. Based on the combination of 21 probable states, 2187 hybrid scenarios were extracted including all probable states and the progress of Rasht creativity development in the future. The scenarios provided by the Scenario Wizard software included:- Four scenarios with high compatibility- 1542 scenarios with low compatibility - and 641 scenarios without compatibility

At the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number of effects on the areas they are deployed. One of the most important ways to assess the effects of human activities in the environment, environmental impact assessment or EIA is to identify the effects of operational programs and projects on environmental factors at various stages and to propose solutions to reduce these effects. To collect the data based on the ICOLD model format, instead of using the questionnaire, through an interview with 15 local officials and trustees the inhabitants of the 5 villages of Ahar, Egole; baghgole, emameh bala, and Emameh paeein and designing a checklist, the environmental impacts of tourism in the second home were measured and quantitated. The results of the research showed that the tourism of the second homes in the studied village has a negative effect on the economic, social, biological and physical aspects. Matching the results of this study with previous studies revealed that in the environmental dimension, all researches were consistent with the results of the present study. In the economic and social dimensions, the difference in the relative environment of the problem in different environments and geographical locations has been different in some cases, and in some cases the opposite..

Population increase, human presence, expansion of urbanization and irregular spatial have caused profound disturbances in the functional system of cities. Therefore, planning and management of natural events should be considered as a main purpose at all stages of planning and city development designs. The present study in term of purpose is considered as an applied research and using descriptive-analytical method. The worn-out textures of central district of the Urmia city with an area of 277/7 hectares as a case study is investigated. In this study, through the study of library sources and former studies, and as well as using experts opinions and specialists in the field of urban worn-out textures, effective indicators in the vulnerability of the study area in dimensions of physical, access, functional, environmental, economic, social, and managerial identification and the definition was. Then, using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Vikors Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method (VIKOR) to weighting each of the mentioned indicators and using Geographic Information System (GIS), the vulnerability maps of the area in different dimensions are provided. The results of the research show that from the study area of 36/11% has low vulnerability, 27/95% has moderate vulnerability and 35/22% has high vulnerability, which has the necessity of planning and taking measures to improve the environmental condition of urban worn-out textures in different dimensions.

The study aims at investigating trust effects psychological capital on improvement of social security sense in the rural areas of Ardabil County. Target population in the study was the rural people of located in Ardabil County. The needed information by means of questionnaire was collected from rural people of settled in Ardabil County. Statistical society of research included all of rural people of Ardabil County. In addition for determining sample size the rural peoples of settled in the rural areas of Meshkinshar county was used Cochran formula. Finally, the sample size of rural peoples 383 was determined. The tool of measurement was made researcher questionnaire. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated to be between 0.82 and 0.86. The results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between optimism, self-efficacy and resiliencey and sense of social security. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.

endogenous development, the goal is not only the development of the city from inner parts, rather the quality of putting different land uses together and integrating them next to each other is a matter for planners. In this regard, the present study has considered the physical development characteristics of Khorram Abad city in terms of quality of physical development of the city by using indicators such as land use compatibility and incompatibility, land use mixture index as well as quantitative indices determining he indigenous development of city such as population density changes, the ratio of area growth to population, the number of licenses issued, and the quality and age of buildings in old texture. The research method is descriptive-analytical through library (documentary) and field studies. The results of this study show that, despite the fact that the city of Khorram Abad has internal development potentials, but like other cities in our country, it has experienced sprawl growth in recent decades. Investigation of various indicators showed that the city did not follow the indigenous development policy in its physical-spatial development. In addition, less attention has been paid to the compatibility and incompatibility of neighboring land uses and to the mixing of different land uses within the urban context. Considering the developmental capacities in the old textures of Khorram Abad city, construction in these textures, by implementing incentives policies and increasing floor area ratio, is the best way to prevent uncontrolled growth of the city, reduce costs and urban development issues

The aim of this study is to assess the potential of Dena watershed and provide sustainable livelihood strategies. This is a practical goal that used a combined model to assess the strength of the Central Zagros region. First, ecological parameters were identified to assess the ecological potential, and then layers were prepared by georeferencing, digitization, and timing. The study used data from Landsat 7 and IRS satellite imaging images. The layers overlapped and classified in the ArcGIS software, version9.2. In the next step, SCORE technique and reference to expert opinions were used to formulate the strategies. The results showed that 20.9% of the region needs protection and 19.8% is suitable for forestry. The lowest percentage of suitable use for the region belongs to the protection of water resources and then residential development. Analysis of the internal and external environment of sustainable livelihood management in the study area shows that opportunities and strengths have a higher average score than restrictions and risks. Finally, 11 management and legal strategies for sustainable livelihoods were developed in the Dena watershed.