نشریه طب انتظامی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 40، بهار 1401)

Nowadays, the use of laboratory methods based on enzymatic reactions to monitor the health of individuals, especially in the field of military forces, has become widespread. One of the enzymatic methods is the use of creatinase enzyme for clinical measurement of creatine and creatinine in body fluids, through which the health of kidneys, muscles, and thyroid gland can be understood. This study aimed to optimize the expression of the creatinase enzyme and to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles on the stability of the creatinase enzyme.

This research was conducted in the spring and summer of 2021 in the electrochemical institute located at the University of Tehran, Iran. In this study, E. coli BL21 containing pET28a amplification vector was cultured in TB medium and then induced at 18, 22, 28, 32, and 37°C. After sonication, purification of enzymes was performed by affinity chromatography. After confirmation of expression by SDS-PAGE, the concentrations of enzymes expressed at different induction temperatures were measured and compared by the Bradford method. Then the activity of enzymes was evaluated and compared by the colorimetric method. Finally, the effect of gold nanoparticles on the structure of the creatinase enzyme was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.

Examination of creatinase expression at different temperatures in the TB medium showed that at 28°C the highest amount of enzyme with the highest activity was obtained. On the other hand, fluorescence spectroscopy of creatinase enzyme with the presence and absence of gold nanoparticles at excitation wavelength of 295 nm showed a decrease in fluorescence intensity in the presence of gold nanoparticles.

The induction temperature of 28°C in the TB medium provides a more active and more concentrated enzyme. Also, the presence of gold nanoparticles reduced the fluorescence intensity of the creatinase enzyme, which could indicate a change in the fluorescent amino acid microenvironment of the creatinase enzyme structure.

A large number of gastrointestinal diseases observed in the military may have serious effects on health. Most research on variables related to coping with irritable bowel syndrome has focused on the pathogenic perspective (risk factors such as life events) rather than the salutogenic perspective (factors such as coping and adaptation). In this study, the variables emphasized by the salutogenic perspective were used to develop a structural model for health indicators based on coping resources and stress management, mediated by a health-promoting lifestyle in police patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

This study was a correlation design of structural equation modeling. Police patients with irritable bowel syndrome were the statistical population of this study who referred to the gastrointestinal and psychiatric clinic of one of the police hospitals in 2020 and 2021. The statistical sample size was 250 people who were randomly selected from patients and were diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome by a psychiatrist based on ROME-IV criteria. Research tools included the Bringsen Health Salutogenic Indicators Scale (Cronbach's alpha 0.81), Epstein Stress Management Questionnaire (Cronbach's original version 0.80 and translated version 0.94), Walker Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.82) and the Matheny Stress Coping Resources Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha of the original version was 0.84 to 0.97 and the translated version was 0.94). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and SmartPLS-3 software by Pearson correlation test and structural equation path analysis.

Fitness indices as a result of testing the hypothetical model and the structural model showed the relationship between coping resources and stress management with lifestyle mediation on health indices which had desirable fitness. Path analysis of this model showed that in the direct path, the effect of stress management (λ=0.11; t=3.11; p=0.05), coping resources (λ=0.37; t=3.01; p=0.01) and healthpromoting lifestyle (λ=0.20; t=3.16; p=0.01) were significant on salutogenic health indices. In the indirect path, the lifestyle mediating model between stress management and coping resources with salutogenic health indicators was significant at the level of 0.05 and standard coefficient (0.11-0.13).

This study showed that a health-promoting lifestyle can positively and significantly mediate the relationship between coping resources and stress management with salutogenic health indicators in a selected sample of police patients referred to a police medical center.

Due to the importance of hospital information systems to improve the quality of health care services, their evaluation has a special place in various aspects. For measuring the quality and efficiency of information systems, an important method involves evaluating them with a usability approach. The aim of this study was usability testing of the hospital information system of a police medical center based on ISO 9241 -11.

This descriptive cross -sectional study was conducted in one of the selected medical centers of the police force among the users of the hospital information system in 2021 (110 participants). Data were collected through a questionnaire with 35 questions based on IsoMetrics tool. The questionnaire questions were classified into 7 groups and each of them indicated the usability criterion in the ISO 9241 -11 standard. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by medical informatics specialists and its reliability was assessed by the repeatability test (0.7). The results of the survey were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26 software.

23 samples were excluded from the study due to incomplete questionnaires (N=87). The user mean work experience was 10.62±6.14 years, with a minimum of less than one year and a maximum of 22 years. Nurses had the highest satisfaction (3.44±0.36) and pharmacy users had the lowest satisfaction (2.41±0.11) in the information system. In this study, self - descriptiveness of the information system had the highest mean (3.44±0.63) and controllability had the lowest mean (3.13±0.55). In this study, information system self -description had the highest mean score and controllability had the lowest score

Although the status of the hospital information system was satisfactory, more attention to usability criteria such as controllability and suitability for individualization can improve the quality and efficiency of the current system.

Among service providers, medical centers, especially hospitals, are among the first organizations involved in responding to disasters and can play a crucial and decisive role. The purpose of this study was to review studies on the level of preparedness of medical centers against the potential risks of natural disasters in Iran that have been examined.

The present study is a type of review study that by searching for sources and databases inside and outside the country, all articles that reported the preparedness of hospitals and published from 2008 to 2021 were extracted using a single checklist. The quality of articles was evaluated based on the STROBE checklist and poor quality articles were excluded from the study and other studies entered the content analysis level.

By searching the sources, 17 published articles were identified following the inclusion criteria, one of which was excluded due to poor quality, and finally, 16 articles were reviewed. It should be noted that these studies have evaluated a total of 118 hospitals.

The preparedness of Iranian hospitals is average. Also, the preparedness of the studied hospitals in terms of admission is poor, In emergencies, transfer and evacuation, traffic, communications, safety, human resources, and management and command are also medium. In terms of education and support, the level of preparedness of the studied hospitals is good.

Among the people at risk of being injured in traffic accidents are Armed Forces personnel who can, directly and indirectly, affect their long-term physical and mental health of them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of disability of Traffic Police personnel following traumas caused by traffic accidents in Tehran, Iran.

This is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study was 404 cases of traffic police personnel from the beginning of 2016 to November 2021, their disability was confirmed and registered by the Traffic Police Headquarter of Tehran. The causes of disability of the injured people were examined in terms of the physical dimension. Inferential statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics and to examine the relationship between variables also logistic regression test was used in entering style at a significance level of 0.5. Data in this study were analyzed using SPSS 26 software.

From the 404 employees of traffic police in the study of demographic findings, 401 people were male and 3 people were female with a mean age of 36.05±7.88 years. The highest type of physical injury that caused disability was related to musculoskeletal pain of the upper extremity (35.9%) and the lowest type of injury was related to lung injury (0.2%). The most common musculoskeletal injuries of the upper extremity occurred in the arms (26.06%) and the lower extremity was in the legs (13.85%). Also, the number of injured people decreased with increasing the record of service history and age of police traffic personnel.

The most common type of physical injury and disability of traffic police personnel is related to musculoskeletal injuries in the upper and lower extremity, so by adopting protective equipment for these areas, we can reduce this type of injury.

One of the most important factors affecting physical performance and performance of job duties in military students is diet and its content. This study aimed to compare the content of the diet and nutritional and physical needs of officer students and provide appropriate nutritional solutions.

The present study is a descriptive-survey study whose population was students of a military university in Tehran, Iran in 2020. 120 people were selected by random sampling. To evaluate the studied variables, food frequency questionnaire FFQ (with 24-hour food recall) and physical activity questionnaire in three days, and N4 Food Processor software was used. The obtained data were analyzed using a t-test in SPSS 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The results of the present study showed that the age, height, weight and body mass index of the samples were respectively 21.36±8.2 years, 169.64±45.10 cm, 73.34±74.6 Kg and 25.47±37.2 Kg/m2. The number of carbohydrate, sodium and fat intake was higher than the amount required by the body, while the amount of protein intake was less than the estimated amount for the students of the officer's university, which was significantly different from the current standard (p=0.001). Also, the number of received calories, the amount of energy expenditure, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc received by students are statistically and significantly lower than the values of existing standards and the amounts of micronutrients required to perform the activities properly (p=0.001).

The student diet needs modifications such as improving the quality and quantity of the diet, adding small snacks, adding dairy products, as well as some fresh fruits and vegetables.

One of the most important factors affecting physical performance and performance of job duties in military students is diet and its content. This study aimed to compare the content of the diet and nutritional and physical needs of officer students and provide appropriate nutritional solutions.

The present study is a descriptive-survey study whose population was students of a military university in Tehran, Iran in 2020. 120 people were selected by random sampling. To evaluate the studied variables, food frequency questionnaire FFQ (with 24-hour food recall) and physical activity questionnaire in three days, and N4 Food Processor software was used. The obtained data were analyzed using a t-test in SPSS 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The results of the present study showed that the age, height, weight and body mass index of the samples were respectively 21.36±8.2 years, 169.64±45.10 cm, 73.34±74.6 Kg and 25.47±37.2 Kg/m2. The number of carbohydrate, sodium and fat intake was higher than the amount required by the body, while the amount of protein intake was less than the estimated amount for the students of the officer's university, which was significantly different from the current standard (p=0.001). Also, the number of received calories, the amount of energy expenditure, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc received by students are statistically and significantly lower than the values of existing standards and the amounts of micronutrients required to perform the activities properly (p=0.001).

The student diet needs modifications such as improving the quality and quantity of the diet, adding small snacks, adding dairy products, as well as some fresh fruits and vegetables.

The role of the wives in caring for the veterans and dealing with their issues and prob - lems, as well as playing different roles in the family, including being a wife, mother, and raising children put a lot of pressure on them. This can threaten their safety and mental health and have adverse effects on their families. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investi - gate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on security and mental health of veterans’ wives.

This research is a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all the wives of veterans hospital - ized in Niayesh Hospital in Tehran, Iran. 30 people were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The Maslow Psycho - logical Security Questionnaire (1992) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (2008) were used for collecting data. In the Mental Health Questionnaire, a lower score indicates high - er mental health. Data analysis was performed by the statistical method of analysis of covari - ance in SPSS 25 software.

For 30 veterans’ wives, the research data were analyzed in experimental and con - trol groups with a mean age of 48.5±4.61. In the pre-test, the mean scores of psychosocial and social security and mental health in the control and experimental groups were not much different from each other, but in the post-test for the experimental group were respectively 33.05±4.24 and 54.05±4.54, and for the control group 29.95±3.31 and 57.30±4.65 were ob - tained. The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy affected psychosocial and social security and mental health of veterans’ wives with statistical power above 0.999 (p<0.01) and increased psychological and social security and decreased scores of mental health in veterans’ wives.

Acceptance and commitment therapy increases the psychosocial and social se - curity and mental health of veterans’ wives.

Ethanol is a strong pro-oxidant that causes cellular oxidative stress and damage, and it has a disruptive effect on cognitive abilities that can be caused by tissue damage. In this study, the tissue effects of ethanol alone and along with probiotic consumption were investigated on parts of the gray and white matter of the brain that are located in the vicinity of the lateral ventricles.

This experimental and case-control study was performed in the Physiology Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Arak, Iran. 32 male wistar large rats (12 weeks) with an average weight of 250-300 grams were randomly divided into four groups of eight: (I) Negative control group: Mice were nasogastric tubed with only one milli - liter of phosphate buffer, (II) Probiotic group: 10 9 cfu/ml lactobacillus casei were nasogastric tubed for two months, (III) ethanol receiving group: ethanol at a concentration of 2g/kg, in - jected intraperitoneally for 30 minutes daily, (IV): probiotic-ethanol group: initially probiotic 109cfu/ml lactobacilli casei was nasogastric tubed for two months and ethanol injection at a concentration of 2g/kg was performed simultaneously in the last five days of the period. Histopathological study and analysis were performed using the H&E staining technique after sacrificing mice. Prism-GraphPad 9 software was used to analyze the data and charts. Groups were compared by one-side ANOVA and Tukey test was used to determine the differences be - tween each group.

The microscopic study showed observable pathological changes in the ethanol group (p<0.01). This group showed the highest injury due to vasogenic edema with Vir - chow-Robin space tension, hydrostatic edema, central chromatolysis, ischemic neuronal in - jury, and glial cell accumulation compared to the negative control group (p<0.0001). Tissue injury in the ethanol-probiotic group was15 to 25% reduced compared to the ethanol group (p<0.01). Healthy groups that receiving only probiotics had a healthy tissue pattern.

Probiotic supplement compensates for ethanol-induced tissue injury in the cor - tical and subcortical regions adjacent to the brainstem.

Behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence can be a background for delinquen - cy and antisocial behavior in adulthood. The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of disengagement in relationships between Childhood Maltreatment and Peer Rejection with Conduct Disorder Signs in Adolescents.

The method of this study is a descriptive correlation. The statisti - cal population of this research was all the students of the first and second courses of Urmia city in the academic year of 2019-2020. 220 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and to the self-report version of the abilities and problems questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha 0.78), childhood trauma scale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.83), peer social rejection scale (Cron - bach’s alpha 0.95) and apathy scale Ethical (Cronbach’s alpha 0.91) answered. For data analy - sis, structural equation modeling was used in the form of SmartPLS 3 software.

220 people with an average of 16.15 years and a standard deviation of 1.54 partici - pated in this research. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the direct path coefficients of childhood maltreatment (p<0.001; β=0.38) and moral apathy (p<0.001; β=0.40) were significant. Also, the direct path coefficients of childhood maltreatment (p<0.001; β=0.42) and peer rejection (p<0.01; β=0.23) on moral apathy were significant. In addition, childhood maltreatment and peer rejection had an indirect effect on conduct disorder symptoms through the mediation of moral apathy.

These results show that in addition to the direct effect of childhood maltreat - ment on conduct disorder symptoms, moral apathy acts as a mediator, and the effects of child - hood maltreatment and peer social rejection on conduct symptoms. The results of this study can be used in the design of preventive programs and early intervention in behavioral disor - ders.

The Central Venous Catheter, which is inserted into the femoral, jugular, and subclavian veins, is mostly used in intensive care units for multiple purposes (hemodynamic monitoring, medication administration, intravenous feeding, dialysis, etc.). In general, catheter placement, especially sub - clavian vein catheterization, has complications in critically ill children. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of using the supraclavicular method in subclavian vein catheterization in children hospi - talized in ICU.

This is a retrospective study on the pediatric patients whose ages were between one month to 18 years old; and who were admitted to the medical pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, from 2019 to 2020 (20 months) for whom a central venous catheter was placed in the subclavian vein through a supraclavicular approach. Then complications such as hemorrhage, arterial perforation, pneumothorax, and failure of this method were recorded and examined by reviewing special forms in the medical record .

During 20 months, 282 patients were included in this study which 45.7% were girls and 54.3% were boys. The mean age of the samples was five years and one months with a standard devi - ation of 5.4 years and 95% of the patients were intubated. In 280 patients, catheterization (99.3%) was successful and in our study, the overall rate of subclavian vein catheterization was 0.7%. The only reported complication was pneumothorax and no other complication was observed.

Subclavian vein catheterization through the supraclavicular method can be a suit - able method for central venous access in children, even in patients with mechanical ventilation show that in addition to the direct effect of childhood maltreatment on conduct disorder symptoms, moral apathy acts as a mediator, and the effects of childhood maltreatment and peer social rejection on conduct symptoms. The results of this study can be used in the design of preventive programs and early intervention in behavioral disorders.

The degree of seriousness of the control areas is low in dealing with those who do not follow wearing helmet legislation. The purpose of this study was to explain the proposed solutions to solve the problem of implementing the wearing helmet legislation from the perspective of control areas and motorcyclists.

This is a retrospective study on the pediatric patients whose ages were between one month to 18 years old; and who were admitted to the medical pediatric in - tensive care unit (PICU) of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, from 2019 to 2020 (20 months) for whom a central venous catheter was placed in the subclavian vein through a supraclavicular approach. Then complications such as hemorrhage, arterial perforation, pneumothorax, and failure of this method were recorded and examined by reviewing special forms in the medical record .

The experiences of 20 male participants; 9 people from the control areas, 4 univer - sity faculty members, 3 traffic police, and 4 motorcyclists were registered. The results showed that the solutions for implementing the wearing helmet legislation with four categories names: Hard, correction, support, and soft solutions and14 subclasses and 54 codes were formed .

The use of hard solutions such as the diligence and seriousness of the control areas in implementing the wearing helmet legislation and corrective solutions such as drafting new laws and amending existing laws, supporting solutions such as supporting the police and motorcyclists, and finally soft solutions such as education and cultural creation and the use of mass media are effective in implementing these laws .

It seems necessary to carry out intervention programs to control bullying. The current re - search aimed to investigate the effectiveness of communication skills training on social adaptation and responsibility of bully girl students in Karaj.

This research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all 10th-grade bully girl students from the area 2 of Karaj city in the academic year 2018-2019 among which 30 stu - dents who had a high score in the bullying questionnaire and a low score in the California accountability questionnaire and Sinha and Singh’s social adjustment were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups with 15 people. The communication skills training program was implemented in 10 sessions in the experimental group. Data analysis was done using descriptive methods and analysis of covariance in SPSS 23 software .

The age of the experimental and control groups was between 16 and 18 years. The average post-test scores of the experimental group were 16.20±2.18 and responsi - bility 25.13±3.81, which had an increase compared to the pre-test scores (11.87±2.07 and 13.60±2.99, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in the two groups (p<0.05). Communication skills training in the experimental group could explain 75% of the variance of the dependent variable (p˂0.001; F=66.980; Eta=0.713).

Communication skills training can be used as a suitable intervention method to help the adaptation process and responsibility in students.

Regular physical activity has many benefits for mental health. The purpose of the current re - search was to determine the level of physical activity of the employees of the Greater Tehran police headquarter and also to investigate the relationship between physical activity and the quality of life-related to health and well-being, emphasizing gender differences.

This research is descriptive correlation and uses the structural equation method. 186 employees of the Greater Tehran police headquarter were selected as the statistical sample of the research in 2021. Physical activity indicators using the interna - tional physical activity questionnaire (reliability coefficient 0.92), quality of life-related to health using the SD-12 questionnaire (reliability coefficient 0.88), and well-being using the adult well-being assessment questionnaire (reliability coefficient 86 0) were measured. Pear - son’s correlation test, structural equations, and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and Lisrel 8.8 software .

93 people of the studied samples were from police stations, 71 people were from traffic police and 22 people were from the Greater Tehran Police Headquarter. The average body mass index of men and women was 23.80±1.36 and 22.63±1.75, respectively. The level of physical activity of men and women was lower than the value recommended by WHO, how - ever, men had a significantly higher level of physical activity than women (141.02 vs. 122.52 minutes per week for men and women, respectively). In total, 54% of men and 52% of women had moderate to intense physical activity. Also, physical activity had a positive and significant relationship with quality of life (t=4.84) and well-being (t=7.04) in the police command staff. The results of the model fit showed that the research model had a good fit (RMSEA=0.07).

Physical activity has a positive effect on the psychological components of police headquarter officers. The use of solutions and interventions to improve the physical activity status of management employees, especially women, is a special feature.

Drug addiction is a recurring chronic mental illness associated with severe motivational disorders and loss of behavioral control. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of meditation training on psychological well-being, emotional regulation, and sleep quality of prisoners addicted to industrial drug abuse.

The current study is semi-experimental, using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all the clients of the vocational training and occupational therapy camp of West Azerbaijan in Iran in 2022. They were addicted to the abuse of industrial drugs (920 people). Thirty people were screened according to the entry and exit criteria and placed in groups of 15 people by simple random method. One group was named the meditation therapy group, and one group was called the control group. The meditation instruction manual of Lotfi Kashani, Mofid, and Sarfaraz Mehr (2013) was used to teach meditation in eight 60-minute sessions. The Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire of Garnofsky (2002), Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1995), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (1989) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the inferential, univariate analysis of covariance using SPSS 26 software.

The research results showed that the experimental group's average age was 39.23±6.04 and of the control group was 42.4±7.59 years. There was no significant relationship between the two groups regarding age (p=0.125). Also, the findings of the research showed that the effectiveness of meditation training on psychological well-being (p<0.05), emotional regulation (p<0.05), and sleep quality (p<0.05) of prisoners with industrial drug abuse was positive and significant.

Meditation training increases the mental well-being, emotional regulation, and sleep quality of prisoners addicted to industrial drug abuse.

The family is the most important element of a society that is responsible for providing proper and appropriate health care to the patient and those around the patient. Familycentered care includes family assessment, family participation in care, and information exchange between the treatment team and the family. The present study was conducted to review recent studies in the field of family-centered care approach .

In this review study, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and SID, and Magiran databases were used. The keywords used from 2000 to 2021 included family-centered approach, family-centered care, and family-based care. To select related articles, the article quality tool called Prisma Checklist was used. Repeated and unrelated cases were excluded from the study after the initial screening. Ethical standards were observed in all stages of the research and there was no bias or interference by the researchers in the level of conducting the research .

Out of the 265 studies that were found after a lot of search and screening, 100 studies were reviewed and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction. According to the findings of these studies, the effects of the family-oriented approach included increasing the quality of life, increasing the satisfaction of patients and families, improving the clinical results of infants, and reducing the stress and anxiety of patients and families.

By reviewing recent studies and considering that this approach is low-cost and available and has positive effects, therefore, this approach can be used as a scientific solution for greater participation of patients and their families in rehabilitation and medical centers in Iran.

Modern wound dressings are made and used in the form of foam, film, hydrocolloid, and hydrogel. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of chitosan in the form of film and hydrogel on burn wounds in an animal model.

The present study is an experimental intervention type among the Wistar male rat model, which was conducted in the Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Iran in the winter of 2020. The dressing was prepared in the form of film and hydrogel based on chitosan. 36 rats were divided into three groups: negative control, hydrogel, and film. After wound formation on days 3, 7, 14, and 21, healing was investigated by histological and molecular methods. The results were analyzed using SPSS21 as well as non-parametric tests .

36 male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 grams were tested and the results showed that the percentage of wound healing was the same in the groups until the third day, and on the 7th and 14th days in the film group respectively, 56.55±3.16 and 76.66±4.04 percent and in the hydrogel group it was 60.66±2.51 and 88.33±2.08 percent which showed a significant difference (p-value =0.002) compared to the negative control group (20.55±2.81 and 50.33±5.85 percent). In the histological examination, 100% of the film group and 66.7% of the hydrogel group had moderate and complete epithelium on the fourteenth day; the healing process by examining the collagen matrix and angiogenesis also showed a better effect of chitosan in both forms of intervention. Better control of inflammation in the film group compared to other groups was evident in the examination of inflammatory cells. In the molecular study, an increase in IL-8 gene expression as a factor involved in causing inflammation was observed in both film and hydrogel groups until the third day, and a decrease on other days; there was no significant difference in the expression of IL-10 gene, which inhibits inflammation, between the two forms of film and hydrogel (p-value=0.07), although there was a significant difference with the negative control.

Considering the ease of application and maintenance of the film form and better control of inflammation, it seems that the film form is preferable to the hydrogel.

The risk factors for the death of covid-19 patients are not fully identified, and an accurate and robust risk assessment tool is needed to assess the prognosis of patients that is easy and affordable to implement. The purpose of this study was to compare the findings of the first Complete Blood Count in patients diagnosed with Covid-19 who were discharged with a favorable general condition, compared to those who died in the hospital.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 213 patients with a definite diagnosis of covid-19. The findings of the first CBC were compared to estimate the survival of discharged and deceased patients. Data were analyzed by using Medcalc.20.013 software .

The frequency of death was 35.2%. The increase of White Blood Cells in predicting death had a poor diagnosis (Receiver Operating Characteristic = 0.66). Hemoglobin decreases in predicting death had no diagnostic power (ROC=0.58). Platelet augmentation was not effective. The increase in Mean Corpuscular Volume had poor diagnostic power (ROC=0.60), but the decrease in lymphocytes in predicting death had good diagnostic power (ROC=0.70). An increase in Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in predicting death had good diagnostic power (ROC=0.70). The increased platelet-lymphocyte ratio in predicting death had poor diagnostic power (ROC=0.67). The increase in Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in predicting death had poor diagnostic power (ROC=0.68).

The results of this study showed that based on the first findings of the CBC test, three factors for predicting the risk of death, increased neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, and increased Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio were identified with good diagnostic power, which indicates the diagnosticity of this test in predicting the tensity and survival of covid-19 patients.

The risk factors for the death of covid-19 patients are not fully identified, and an accurate and robust risk assessment tool is needed to assess the prognosis of patients that is easy and affordable to implement. The purpose of this study was to compare the findings of the first Complete Blood Count in patients diagnosed with Covid-19 who were discharged with a favorable general condition, compared to those who died in the hospital.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 213 patients with a definite diagnosis of covid-19. The findings of the first CBC were compared to estimate the survival of discharged and deceased patients. Data were analyzed by using Medcalc.20.013 software .

The frequency of death was 35.2%. The increase of White Blood Cells in predicting death had a poor diagnosis (Receiver Operating Characteristic = 0.66). Hemoglobin decreases in predicting death had no diagnostic power (ROC=0.58). Platelet augmentation was not effective. The increase in Mean Corpuscular Volume had poor diagnostic power (ROC=0.60), but the decrease in lymphocytes in predicting death had good diagnostic power (ROC=0.70). An increase in Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in predicting death had good diagnostic power (ROC=0.70). The increased platelet-lymphocyte ratio in predicting death had poor diagnostic power (ROC=0.67). The increase in Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in predicting death had poor diagnostic power (ROC=0.68).

The results of this study showed that based on the first findings of the CBC test, three factors for predicting the risk of death, increased neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, and increased Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio were identified with good diagnostic power, which indicates the diagnosticity of this test in predicting the tensity and survival of covid-19 patients.

One of the important factors in the implementation of the duties of the physical security forces is having the necessary physical fitness and the absence of disorder in the stature structure. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the musculoskeletal condition and physical fitness of physical security personnel and providing suitable solutions for exercising.

The physical security forces of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in Iran were the statistical population of this descriptive-survey research in 2021. To measure anthropometric items, body composition analysis device (Body Composition) was used to measure flexibility by sitting and reaching hands test, to measure muscle strength by Sargent’s jump, to measure cardiac and respiratory fitness by modified Bruce test, and to diagnose skeletal and muscular abnormalities by New York test. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05 .

30 men with an average age of 45.76 ± 5.69 years participated in this study. Findings related to musculoskeletal disorders showed that Personnel had have Droopy shoulder syndrome (66.6%), lordosis (73.3 %), scoliosis (30%), Genu Varum (16.6%), Torticollis (23.3%), lordosis (43.3%), humpbacked (36.6%) and flat feet (15%). Body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio were in the high and dangerous range and had a significant difference from the normal values of these indicators (p<0.001).

According to the findings of musculoskeletal disorders among personnel and also the lack of proper physical fitness related to health in physical security forces, movements and exercise to strengthen these factors are needed.

Conflict is one of the main factors of inefficiency and psychopathology in families. Resilience is one of the skills that can help couples to increase compatibility and solve problems. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Adlerian and emotion-focused therapy on the resilience of women with marital conflict.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest by the control group, and a 3-month follow-up. The first experimental group received 10 90-minute sessions of Adlerian intervention and the second experimental group received 10 90-minute sessions of emotion-focused therapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect data, the questionnaires of Sanai Zaker et al.'s marital conflicts (2008) and the resilience scale of Connor and Davidson (2003) were used. Data analysis was done using ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test using SPSS 24 software.

Demographic studies on 60 samples showed; the F statistic obtained from the comparison of the frequencies of the three groups in the age variable (F=0.374) was not statistically significant (p>0.689) and this result indicated that the three groups were equal in terms of age. The results showed that both the mentioned treatments in the post-test and follow-up stage compared to the control group had significant effectiveness on resilience increase at the statistical power level of 0.999 (p-value=0.001). In addition, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that Adlerian intervention was more effective in increasing resilience at the same level of statistical power of 0.999 (p-value=0.001).

Adlerian intervention by emphasizing gaining insight leads to changing the behavior of women with marital conflicts. this change includes simple behaviors resulting from observational learning, imitations, and complex behaviors such as lifestyle. So, the application of Adlerian intervention can increase the resilience of women with marital conflicts by increasing cooperation and transforming the unreconciled methods.

Shift work has physiological and psychological consequences for people by causing disturbances in sleep and wakefulness. This issue can also disrupt the functioning of the relevant organization. Considering the duties of the Police Headquarter of the Islamic Republic of Iran, This study aimed to compare job burnout and happiness and their subscales in shift work and office workers of this command in Ahvaz city in Iran.

This descriptive-analytical research is a comparative causal type. The statistical population of the present study was all shift work and administrative personnel of the Police Headquarter of Ahvaz city in Iran in 2019, who were identical in terms of social, economic, gender, and other influencing factors. 50 shift workers and 50 office workers were selected by cluster random method. Then the subjects answered the Meslech Burnout questionnaire (1981) and Oxford Happiness Inventory (1989), and the data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS 21 software.

100 people participated in this research in the age range of 21-45 years and with an average age of 29.77±5.46 years. The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of shift and office workers in terms of job burnout and its two components, namely emotional exhaustion (F=7.14; p=0.009) and depersonalization (F=7.33; p=0.008). =p), but there was no significant difference in the component of feeling of low personal accomplishment (F=2.08; p=0.152). Also, the results of the present study showed that between the two groups of shift and office workers in terms of happiness, there was a significant difference in four of its components, i.e. life satisfaction (F=6.97; p=0.010), positive emotions (F=8.31; p=0.005), health (F=6.23; p=0.014) and efficiency (F=7.96; p=0.006), but there was no significant difference in the self-esteem component (F=1.71; p=0.193).

The level of job burnout and happiness in shift workers is higher and lower, respectively, compared to office workers.

The correct use of biometric evidence has a special place in crime detection due to the importance of identifying criminals. The purpose of this research was to investigate the challenges of using biometric evidence in identity detection.

The current research is a descriptive survey in terms of type and method, applied in terms of purpose, and a documentary survey in terms of data collection, which was conducted in 2020. The sample studied in this research included detectives and investigation police officers of Gilan province in Iran with at least 5 years of executive experience. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a research tool. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained at 0.951 by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. For data analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, T-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used with Version 3 of Smart PLS software .

In this research, 84 detectives and investigation police officers of Gilan province (14 women and 70 men) participated 23 of them had a high school diploma, 19 of them had an associate degree, 38 people had a bachelor’s degree, and 4 people had a master’s degree. The effect and t-value of the variable of providing organizational financial resources were respectively 0.817 and 12.78, the provision of expert human force were respectively 0.658 and 9.24, and also the training of human force were respectively 0.508 and 6.27 in the use of biometric evidence in identity detection. Spearman’s correlation coefficient investigating the relationship between the use of biometric evidence and human force training was 0.482, with the allocation of financial resources 0.353, and with the lack of human forces, it was 0.519 (p<0.001). The results of the research showed that the variables of human resources training with an average rating of 1.35, allocation of human forces with an average rating of 2.46, and shortage of human forces with an average rating of 2.19 were effective in the use of biometric evidence.

The studies show the effectiveness of all three independent variables of the challenges of providing organizational financial resources, providing expert human force, and human force training on the variable of using biometric evidence.

Identifying and using effective exercise methods is essential to people's health, especially military personnel. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of CrossFit and high-intensity interval training with physical fitness training on health and functional factors (arterial oxygen saturation, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, speed, and agility) of military students.

This research was conducted experimentally with a pre-test and post-test design among students in their second year of Afsari University in Iran in 2021. Forty volunteer students participated in the study selected by available sampling. The samples were randomly divided into four groups as CrossFit training (10 people), high-intensity interval training (10 people), combined CrossFit and high-intensity interval training (10 people), and physical fitness training (10 people). Each training group participated in an eight-week training program that included four sessions per week. In order to estimate the factors of saturation of peripheral oxygen percentage (SPO2), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), muscle endurance, speed and agility, pulse oximeter, Queen college step test, sit-up test, 45-meter speed, and agility test were used respectively. SPSS 20 software was used to analyze and perform statistical tests at a significance level of 0.05.

The in-group results showed that the maximum oxygen consumption, percentage of blood oxygen saturation, muscle endurance, agility and speed in the HIIT, CrossFit and HIIT+ CrossFit groups were significantly different compared to the pre-test as HIIT+ CrossFit, CrossFit and HIIT group were respectively the most effective compared to physical fitness training (p<0.05). Also, the comparison between groups showed that the maximum oxygen consumption in the groups of physical fitness with CrossFit and physical fitness with HIIT+ CrossFit had a significant difference (p<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation percentage (p=0.006), speed (p=0.024), agility (p=0.001) and muscle endurance (p=0.002) were significantly different between physical fitness and HIIT+ CrossFit groups.

In general, according to the results of the present study, CrossFit and HIIT exercises probably have a better effect on the health factors and performance of military students than common physical fitness training.

The medical staff are always fighting against diseases and are in contact with the patients, and psychological helplessness, including depression and anxiety, has been reported in many staff working on the front lines of fighting diseases. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between health-promoting lifestyles and illness anxiety with the mediating role of perceived stress in the medical staff of Al-Ghadir Hospital.

The current research is an applied and descriptive correlational type in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research was the medical staff of Al-Ghadir Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, in 2022 (315 people). The statistical sample of the research was determined by using a simple random sampling method of 236 people. In this research, three standard questionnaires, including the Taylor and Cox (1998) illness anxiety scale, Cohen et al.'s (1983) perceived stress questionnaire, and Walker et al.'s (1997) health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire, were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares path analysis with PLS-3 software. 

Descriptive findings showed that 188 participants (79.7%) were female, and 48 (20.3%) were male. The test of the research model showed that the structural model of the relationship between health-promoting styles and illness anxiety with the mediation of perceived stress had a good fit. Model analysis showed that in the direct path, health-promoting lifestyles had a negative and significant relationship with illness anxiety (β=0.144; t=2.418), and indirectly, the relationship between health-promoting styles and illness anxiety through the mediating variable of perceived stress was negative and significant (Z=3.541). Perceived stress explained the relationship between health promotion style and illness anxiety by 47% (VAF=0.47).

The findings of this research showed that perceived stress could negative and significantly mediate the relationship between health-promoting styles and illness anxiety in a selected sample of people referring to Al-Ghadir Hospital in Tabriz, Iran.

The covid-19 pandemic was very impressive on the performance and efficiency of all healthcare centers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the covid-19 epidemic on the performance and efficiency of the hospitals of the police by the Pabon Lasso model.

This applied study is descriptive-analytical. This study was conducted in four non-specialized military hospitals using data from 2019 to 2021 in military hospitals in the cities of Tehran, Mashhad, and Kerman in Iran. The data relating to the functional indicators of bed occupancy percentage, average patient stay, and bed turnover rate were collected by referring to the medical records units of the hospitals. After comparing the standards of the Ministry of Health, the Pabon Lasso model was used to measure the performance. SPSS 22 software and paired t-tests were used to perform statistical analysis.

The study's general results showed that the average bed occupancy rate and bed turnover in all hospitals before the covid-19 pandemic were 75% and 73%, respectively, which were higher than national standard and in favorable condition. Although after the pandemic of covid-19, the average occupancy of hospital beds and the length of stay of patients were 70% and 3.8 days, respectively, which were in poor condition and less than the national standard, and the results indicated a significant effect of the pandemic on hospital indicators (p<0.05). Also, the results of examining the efficiency of hospitals using the Pabon Lasso model showed that two hospitals were in the efficient performance area before the pandemic. However, after the pandemic, all hospitals were in inefficient areas.

The Covid-19 pandemic harmed the performance and efficiency indicators of hospitals. Therefore, planning to improve performance indicators and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of hospital activities should be at the top of the plans.