مجله پژوهش در آموزش علوم پزشکی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

citizenship behaviors not only prevent some anomalies such as dishonesty but also improve students' academic performance. Considering that the learning environment, in addition to paying attention to scientific activities, encourages friendly interaction and participation between students and other members,  so ,this study aims to investigate the relationship between the learning environment with civic- educational behaviors from the viewpoint of Ferdows Paramedical and Health University students was done.

In this descriptive-analytical study statistical population included 220 students of Ferdows Paramedical and Health School  in this regards, 203 students were selected as sampling through census method.For collecting data, two questionnaires of DREAM learning environment and Golparvar educational citizenship behaviors were used .Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis tests)  through SPSS .

The mean score of students' learning environment had a mean and standard deviation of 122.44+24.95 and at the desired level and educational citizenship behaviors had a mean and standard deviation of 68.33+7.37 and at an average level. There is a positive and significant relationship between learning environment and students' educational citizenship behaviors (P<0.001,r= 0.674). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the learning environment in different disciplines and semesters (P<0.001). Also, a significant difference was observed between the score of civic- educational behaviors with the semester and the age of students (P<0.001).

According to the results of the study there was a positive and significant relationship between learning environment and academic civic behaviors, therefore, it seems that recognition of effective factors on the learning environment of students by teachers play a valuable role in the process and strateg ic change  in education, also, this process  strengthen educational citizenship behaviors.

The most important mission of medical universities is Training capable  and committed graduates who meet the needs of society and the health system .In general, accountability to the community is one of the main priorities of the health education system, so if universities want to meet the needs of the community, they must design their education system based on the needs and priorities of community health.In this regards,this study has been done to identify dimentions  and components of accountable education for rehabilitation sciences curriculum.  

This mixed research was first conducted in a qualitative stage with semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists in the field of rehabilitation by purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation in medical sciences universities of Tehran in 2021.  By analyzing contents of interviews, dimensions,components and indicators were identified and a questionnaire with 136 item was designed that after ensuring its validity and reliability and in order to design an Accountable Education model for the rehabilitation science Curriculum, this questinnaire by 85 deans, deputies, department heads and faculty members of the rehabilitation schools of Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences was completed.Data  were  analyzed through kolmogorov-smirnov test  through SPSS and AMOS.

In the qualitative part of research, 6 dimensions of society, higher health education system, university, professor, student, Curriculum and 21 components and 136 indicators were identified and based on this, an Accountable Education model was designed for the rehabilitation science education program. Quantitative research findings based on CFI, RMSE and Chi-squared showed that the dimensions identified in a homogeneous structure support the constructs of a concept model called the Accountable Education Model for the Rehabilitation Science Curriculum.

This study showed that 6 general dimensions, society, higher health education system, university, professor, student, Curriculum as dimensions of Accountable Education play an important role in fulfilling the mission of third and fourth generation universities.

Blended learning has many advantages to overcome the adult learning challenges such as limitation of time, external responsibilities and family commitments. So, this study was conducted to determine the effect of blended learning on educational outcome of discontinuous undergraduate students  of operating room.

This is a quasi-experimental study and educational intervention that was conducted in 2018 in Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The study sample consisted of 56 discontinuous undergraduate course students of operating room were included in the study through convenience sampling. The educational intervention was conducted in the form of blended Learning and then the educational outcomes were evaluated with the variables include students' satisfaction, learning and the amount of interactive time in cyberspace to participate in the lessons. Data collection tools in the satisfaction variable was a 15 item researcher-made questionnaire, in the learning variable, a standard MCQ exam and in the interaction time variable, a checklist was developed for recording students' activities in cyberspace for questioning and answering, or express experiences. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, Paired t-test, T-Test, Anova and Kendall’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients through SPSS .

Based on the results, all students were satisfied with this method of teaching. The result of MCQ exam showed that there was significant difference in pre and post-tests (t= -4.81, P= 0.001) Also, the mean time of students’ interaction in cyberspace was nearly 10 hours in 12 teaching session, that is a significant time. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant negative relationship between the mean age and the mean hours spent in the virtual space of the class to present the task (P = 0.001)

According to  the  positive impact of this method, it is recommended as an effective method of education for discontinuous undergraduate course students of operating room.

Covid- 19 pandemic has caused challenges in Health higher education system. In order to manage these challenges, policies have been recommended, which most of those can be applied in the post- Covid- 19 era. The purpose of this study is to investigate challenges, approaches and achievements in Health higher education system, due to Covid- 19 pandemic.

The method of this study is ”Narrative review” of literature.In this manner, databases (SID, Google Scholar, ERIC, Cochrane collaboration, PubMed) were searched, using the determined key words. After studying sixty- five selected articles, challenges, policies and achievements in Health higher education, due to Covid- 19 pandemic were determined.

Obtained results indicate that the Covid- 19 pandemic has caused challenges related to students, curriculum, research and economical supports in Health higher education system. Accordingly, eight approaches related to students, nine approaches in curriculum field, four approaches in research, and five approaches related to economical system have been recommended, in order to continuation of educational, evaluation and research programs. Thirteen of these approaches can be considered as the achievements in post Covid- 19 era.

In addition to identification of challenges and managerial policies in dealing with crisis, consideration of opportunities due to crisis can lead to new era toward major changes in health higher education in post Covid- 19 era.

The critical thinking disposition and related factors as one of the professional competencies of faculty members have attracted many educational researchers᾽ attention. Teaching styles are also effective factors in developing skills and tendency of critical thinking that can be effective in strengthening critical thinking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of critical thinking disposition and teaching style in faculty members of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

This is a  descriptive- correlational study. The study population was all professors of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in the year 2020. Based on Morgan's table, 205 people were selected by stratified proportional method and evaluated using Ricketts Critical Thinking disposition and Grasha-Richmann Teaching Style Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple regression tests and Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS.

The mean score of critical thinking disposition in participants was higher than average (123.03± 13.84), and the preferential teaching style was formal authority (27.9%) and expert style (23.8%). There was a significant relationship between the critical thinking disposition and the faculty's teaching style (p <0.05). The highest multivariate correlation coefficient was formal authority teaching style (0.692), and the lowest was observed in the delegator teaching style (0.561) (p <0.001). The most correlation and predictor was the formal authority teaching style (48%), and the lowest was the delegator teaching style (31%).

Findings showed that there is a relationship between the critical thinking disposition and teaching style and the critical thinking disposition is a predictor variable for teaching style. By holding educational programs on critical thinking disposition and teaching styles, appropriate educational conditions can be provided for the development of critical thinking disposition in faculty members and students.

Occupational burnout is more likely to be caused in occupation, including medicine, due to their stressful nature and has wide effects on individuals᾽ performance. Despite the high level of burnout among professor and residents of emergency medicine, few studies have compared burnout between the two groups in Iran.So this study with the aim of comparing occupational burnout of professor and residents of emergency medicine in the educational and medical centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2018 has been done.

In this analytical cross-sectional study Maslach 1981 (MBI-22) burnout questionnaires with questions regarding demographic characteristics of subjects were used. The sampling method was cluster random sampling across Iran. Data was analysed by independent t-test, One-way ANOVA and chi-squre using SPSS.

Totally, 81 professors and 95 residents participated in the present study. The mean of the component of depersonalization of the professors was 54.05± 22.80 and the resident was51.73± 24.73, the average component of the emotional exhaustion of the professors was33.40 ± 14.77 and the residents was32.84 ± 13.20 and the average component was the Lack of personal accomplishment‏‏ of the prof 39.41±10.23 and the resident was 9.56± 0.98.There was no significant difference in all three components and prof and Resident were equal. According to the regression model, Residents' job burnout with gender variables (P = 0.02) and Having a child (P = 0.02) and the number of on call per month (P = 0.08) had a significant relationship.

According to the results, the level of burnout among medical emergency professors and residents is high and this affect the quality of caring and educational process of medical emergency and consequently disturb these process. Based on the results on the curriculum of these students, it was necessary to make the necessary corrections to reduce burnout and improve quality of life.

Several  studies show that apprenticeship in the field have not been able to improve the professional ability and competence of students to the desired level. Therefore, this study was conducted to Compare the effect of two methods of internship and apprenticeship in the field on clinical competence of nursing students.

This is a quasi-experimental study in which two methods of internship and apprenticeship in the field were performed for 89 final year nursing students in two groups for two semesters. Data were collected using demographic information and clinical competency questionnaire that its validity and reliability was confirmed by content validity and chronbach`s alpha( 0.93) respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics,paired t-test and chi-square test with  statistical significance( p<0.05)  through SPSS.

Paired t-test showed that the mean score of total clinical competencies and dimension of care management, its individual management in the apprenticeship group of two times did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) and in other dimensions in the apprenticeship group was significantly higherat the end of the semester than before the beginning of the semester (P <0.05). Also, the mean score of total clinical competencies and all its dimensions in the internship group after the end of the semester was significantly higher than before the beginning of the semester and in the internship group this increase was greater. (P <0.05).

Using the internship plan for final year nursing students improve their clinical competence, which will definitely improve the quality of care of patients and reduce  clinical care errors . Therefore, the use of internship plan for clinical education of nursing students is recommended.

Students are the main parts of society and their health is very important. Today, the mental health of students because of many problems is at risk. Researchers are trying to improve students' health by examining various aspects of mental health and its related factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the mental health status of the students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and the factors affecting it.

This  is a cross-sectional-analytical study that was performed on 150 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 1399. Convenient nonprobable sampling was used and the data collection instruments consisted of two parts: demographic information and the Goldberg 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test through SPSS.

In this study, 80.5% of the students had optimal general health and 19.5% of the students had general disorders. In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between the duration of the study by the students in terms of depression. (P=0.023)

According to the results, most of the students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences are in good mental health. However, maintaining and promoting the psychological dimension of students' health requires the provision of preventive measures and counseling services to students.

Evaluating the quality of educational services in universities is a necessity to move towards excellence. Internal evaluation as the first step of the accreditation process leads to the identification of strengths and weaknesses and correction of processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal residency training course of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, determine the strengths and weaknesses of this department and present the results to the relevant authorities to eliminate the shortcomings.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the internal department of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The statistical population included all faculty members and residents of the internal department of Razi Educational and Medical Center of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (N=76). In this study, the accreditation model based on the standards of the World Federation of Medical Education (WFME) has been used for internal evaluation. Data collection tools were identified for each standard including questionnaire, observation and review of available documents. The designed questionnaires were administered through EPOLL platform after confirming the validity and reliability. Necessary information was also collected from observational data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS.

The findings of the present study showed that in the domain of mission and goals, residency training program of the internal department of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, was at 67% of the major compliance and 33% of full compliance. In the domain of managerial structure 100% full compliance, in the domain of educational process 55% of full compliance, and 45% of major compliance, in the domain of rules and regulations of the residency course 69% of full compliance and 31% of major compliance, in the domain of evaluation 89% full compliance and 11% of major compliance and in the domain of educational conditions and resources, 62% of full compliance and 38% of major compliance were observed. Overall, out of 52 standards reviewed in the process of internal evaluation of the internal medicine department, 67% were at full compliance and 33% were at major compliance.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that according to the mission and goals of the internal department, although with all its might has been relatively successful in training internal residents, but also has some shortcomings that by planning and eliminating of the identified deficiencies in this research we can make a qualitative leap in the training of internal residents.