مجله مراقبت پرستاری و مامایی ابن سینا
سال بیست و نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 80، پاییز 1400)

People with high resilience evaluate stressful events as more positive and controllable than people with low resilience. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of spirituality therapy on the resilience of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Material and

 The present study is a quasi-experimental study with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients undergoing hemodialysis referred to Imam Reza (AS) Hospital and Imam Ali (AS) Hospital in Amol, Iran. The participants of the present study included 80 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were divided into experimental (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The research instruments were demographic information self-report questionnaires, Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. Patients in the intervention group participated in 12 sessions of spiritual therapy and therapy individually and with respect to patient privacy for 6 weeks. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 software.

In the control group, before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of resilience scores were 33.70 ± 3.6, which after the intervention, the resilience score was 33.77.±2.8. The results of paired t-test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between resilience scores in the control group before and after the intervention (P>0.05) and in the intervention group before and after the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between resilience scores. (P<0/001).

The results of this study indicated that spiritual therapy can be effective in increasing the resilience of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Proper and adequate physical activity during pregnancy significantly impacts maternal health and fetal development. Unfortunately, no tools are available to measure the self-efficacy of sports activity in Iranian pregnant women.

After translating the questionnaire by the forward-backward method, the quantitative and qualitative face validity and the qualitative and quantitative content validity were assessed. An exploratory factor analysis approach was used to determine the validity of the structure. Simultaneous validity of the instrument was also evaluated using the Scherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal stability of the sports self-efficacy questionnaire, and the ICC was used to assess the reproducibility.

Content validity was performed qualitatively and the corrections mentioned by the professors were applied, and none of the options were removed in quantitative content validity. In order to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was performed, and the KMO test value was 0.765. Thus, 37.5% of the variance was explained by the first factor and 14% by the second factor. The Scherer general self-efficacy correlation coefficient for pregnant women was 0.446 with P-value <0.001. Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 for both domains and 0.81 for the whole scale. ICC was also calculated to be 0.99 for the questionnaire areas and the entire tool.

  The Persian version of the questionnaire to assess exercise self-efficacy during pregnancy has good validity and reliability and can measure exercise self-efficacy during pregnancy.

Nursing students are continuously exposed to carriers or patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences can lead to many emotional reactions in nursing students. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional reactions to COVID-19 and coping strategies in nursing students.

 This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in 2021 at Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Iran, on 106 nursing students chosen by the census method. The tools used in this study included two standard questionnaires of emotional reactions to COVID-19 Huang et al. and Carver's coping strategies questionnaire (brief form). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.

The mean score of the dimensions of emotional reactions was 4.06±0.56, 4.19±0.77, 3.08±0.56, and 2.89±0.56, in the field of fear, anxiety, sadness, and anger, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of fear and anxiety with gender (P<0.05). The mean scores of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies were 2.97±0.97 and 3.06±0.97, respectively (P>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between emotion-based coping strategies with fear, anxiety, and anger (P<0.05(.

Months after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the rate of negative emotional reactions (including fear, anxiety, anger, and sadness) is high in nursing students. There was a positive correlation between emotion-based coping strategies and emotional reactions. Therefore, particular emphasis should be placed on providing psychological support to nursing students as well as teaching coping strategies.

 Women's sexual function decreases during menopause, which in turn reduces their quality of life. Some studies have suggested that physical activity is associated with increased serum levels of androgens and improved sexual function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent training on serum androgens levels and sexual function in postmenopausal women.
Material and

 The study was performed quasi-experimentally. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 30 postmenopausal women with an average weight of 65.1±5.4kg. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of simultaneous training and control. The training group performed 8 weeks of concurrent training. Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and sexual function were measured 48 hours before and after training. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 statistical software at a significance level of 0.05.

Concurrent training in the experimental group significantly increased serum testosterone levels compared to the control group (P=0.042). Although concurrent training increased the serum level of dehydroepiandrosterone in the experimental group, but this value was not significant (P=0.396). Concurrent training also increased sexual function in the areas of desire (P=0.035), marital satisfaction (P=0.002) and total scores (P=0.047) in the concurrent training group compared to the control group.

In general, based on our findings, it seems that concurrent training improves sexual function in postmenopausal women by increasing serum testosterone levels.

 Palliative care for newborns and their families is urgent. Nurses' experiences need to be considered in order to implement palliative care. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explain the Nurses' Experiences of Palliative Care in the NICU.

 This study was conducted by qualitative content analysis in the neonatal intensive care units of Isfahan, Iran, in 2020. Inclusion criteria for nurses were the consent to participate in the study and experience of caring for the newborn and their family at the end of life. For data collection by the purposeful sampling method, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses. Interviews were recorded, typed, and analyzed. Goba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure the rigor of the data.

The first theme was palliative care for the newborn. This theme consists of two categories: "compassionate end-of-life care" and " spiritual end-of-life care". The second theme was palliative care of the family. This theme consists of two categories: "Palliative care of the family before the death of the newborn" and "Palliative care of the family after the death of the newborn ".

The results of this research are in line with the WHO definition of palliative care in pediatric, which refers to the active total care of the child's body, mind and spirit, and family support. The results of this research are used to improve the care of infants and families at the end of life and death for officials and nurses of NICU.

 Pregnancy is one of the most stressful stages in Women's life. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Techniques Training lavender aromatherapy on depression and maternal competence of Primiparous women with Insecure Attachment to Spouse.

 This clinical trial study was performed in 2021 on 60 pregnant women in Birjand, Iran. Insecure attached expectant mothers were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided between three intervention groups 1 (Dialectical behavior therapy techniques training and aromatherapy), intervention group 2 (aromatherapy with lavender), and control group. Dialectical behavioral therapy techniques were performed in the last three months of pregnancy, aromatherapy in the active phase of labor, and the follow-up period one month after the baby's birth. The attachment to spouse Questionnaire, depression Beck, postpartum depression, and maternal competency were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS 25.

The results of repeated analysis of variance showed that teaching dialectical behavioral therapy techniques was effective in reducing depression over time (P<0.001). Covariance analysis showed that depression during pregnancy was decreased significantly after the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Techniques Training (P<0.001). The multivariate analysis of variance also showed both components of maternal competence increased significantly in intervention groups 1 (P<0.05).

Dialectical behavioral therapy techniques and aromatherapy are effective interventions to reduce depression and increase maternal competence. They can be used for pregnant women with insecure attachment to their husbands in health centers.

 Compared to the general population, patients with psychiatric disorders, especially patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy due to its nature, and lack of psychiatric nursing counseling have worse physical health and lower self-esteem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychiatric nursing counseling on self-esteem and health-promoting behaviors of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy in hospitalized patients.

 This clinical trial was conducted on 114 patients undergoing ECT at Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2019. The participants were divided into two groups of intervention (n=57) and control (n=57) by block randomization. Data collection tools included demographic, Rosenberg self-esteem, and health-promoting behaviors questionnaires. The intervention in the experimental group was held in the form of 4 sessions of individual counseling. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation statistics, Chi-square and t-tests in SPSS software version 20.

The mean (standard deviation) of self-esteem score before the intervention in the experimental group (4.01) 21.60 and control (3.51) 21.95 was not significantly different (P=0.542). But the mean score of self-esteem immediately after the intervention in the experimental group (25.47. 3.91) and in the control group (2.79) was 19.11 and two weeks after the intervention, which was significant (P<0.001). The mean and standard deviation of the health-promoting behaviors before intervention in the control group 96.67 (6.028) and intervention group 92.44 (5.444) were statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, this difference was significant between the intervention group (51.539) 91.30 and the control group (5.976) 83.12 immediately and two weeks after the intervention (P<0.001).

Psychiatric counseling increased self-esteem and prevented a decline in health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, this method can be used in educational programs and nursing care for patients with mental disorders.

 Due to the growing prevalence of COVID-19 in the world and the increasing workload of health care providers, health workers face many problems such as long working hours, being away from family, and worrying about themselves and their families, which can affect their health and consequently challenge their job performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following the COVID-19 epidemic in health workers of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

 In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 228 Shahroud University of Medical Sciences health workers were studied from July 22 to August 22, 2020. Participants included nursing, medical, radiology, and laboratory personnel. The Demographic Information Questionnaire and PTSD Checklist – Civilian version (PCL-C) was completed online. Descriptive statistics and the multivariate linear regression model were used to analyze the data.

Based on the results, 85.5% of people were experienced PTSD. The regression determination coefficient (R2) was 15.1, so that men experienced 4.88 units of lower posttraumatic stress than women. People whose relatives died of COVID-19 experienced 7/04 unit higher PTSD than others.

Given that a significant proportion of health workers experienced PTSD, senior treatment center managers must include more supportive measures to reduce PTSD in their work schedule.