پژوهش نامه مطالعات مرزی
پیاپی 35 (بهار 1401)

The geostrategic position, establishment in the border areas, as a defense city in the northwest of the country, and the existence of Ara's free trade zone and border bazaar and industrial trade hub have avoided the need to investigate the principles of passive defense for the border city of Jolfa, which this research aims to evaluate Passive defense measures have been implemented in the border city of Jolfa. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is the group of experts, who were selected in an accessible way, 20 people. Using theoretical foundations, the principles and criteria of passive defense were identified, and then the importance of each of them was obtained using Swara's method. In this regard, 8 main criteria were identified, and the results of the analysis showed that the location and camouflage criteria are the most important in terms of importance, which confirms the need to pay more attention to the above criteria. The criteria of concealment, reinforcement and fortifications, dispersion, deception, division and displacement, and cover were recognized as the most important criteria of passive defense, respectively. Also, the results of the sample T-Tech test showed that the general situation of passive defense principles in the border city of Jolfa is average (3.18). However, because it is a border, the average limit for the border city of Jolfa is not considered favorable, and it is necessary to consider more considerations to comply with these principles.

social cohesion is a situation that shows the interaction and cohesion of a society . one of the most important government institutions is border force that can play an effective role in creating social cohesion in border regions . the aim of this study is to investigate the role of border guard in improving social cohesion in the atrak border regiment .

this research is descriptive - survey . in this research we used library and documentary methods . the population of the study consisted of all citizens residing in the atrak border region and the staff of the atrak border regiment . with regard to the size of the population by using cochran formula , the sample size was estimated 384 people . ~~~ the sampling was based on a random class among the statistical population . the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured by cronbach 's alpha which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire . the collected data were analyzed using spss software .

Crimes such as human trafficking as well as the migrants smuggling to cross the border illegally are transnational and global crimes. Confrontation with these crimes requires cooperation and coordination between countries, especially neighboring countries and establishing good diplomatic relations with them.Security agreements between countries are an important step in the fight against human and immigrants trafficking.Iran's security agreements with countries provide solutions to these crimes, including scientific and educational solutions, intelligence and security solutions, technical and judicial solutions, and police solutions.In fact, the conclusion of bilateral treaties is a guarantee for greater and more effective cooperation and coordinationbetween courtiers in conventions and other international laws.Effective cooperation of countries in the implementation of security agreements requires a variety of factors; For instance, the two countries need to have effective and non-tense political relations and contribute at the educational, scientific, security, intelligence, judicial and police levels.Cooperation between the two countries in implementing the security agreement also requires the conclusion of some complementary agreements in this area; for example, Agreements on extradition of offenders and judicial assistance agreements between the two countries that separate formulation and approval of these agreements has been mentioned in most of Iran’s security agreements with other countries

One of the ways to achieve sustainable development, especially for border cities that are far from political and administrative centers and central cities, is to develop the tourism industry with an emphasis on domestic potentials and capabilities. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify the tourism capabilities in the coastal and border areas of Babolsar, Royan and Noor in Mazandaran province. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is a group of experts who were selected by available means of 20 people in all three cities. Using the opinions of this group, first the tourism capabilities were identified and then the importance of each of them in achieving sustainable development was obtained using the Savara method. The results showed that the border cities under study, despite the major challenges in the field of sustainable tourism development, but also have many capabilities that in this study in five categories of economic, socio-cultural, environmental, Physical and institutional-managerial have been identified. By weighting them, economic capabilities with a weight of 0.2619 have the highest weight in achieving sustainable development of the region. Environmental capabilities with a weight of 0.2183 and physical capabilities with a final weight of 0.84 and socio-cultural capabilities with a weight of 1804.4 and finally institutional-managerial capabilities with a weight of 0.1409 The sequence in the next steps is the priority of influencing the sustainable development of the studied areas. The general results of the research show that coastal and border cities have a high potential in the field of tourism and ecotourism due to their strategic location and high natural attractions, which can be achieved with proper investment and planning. Used for sustainable tourism development

The complexity, constant changes, uncertainty and the multidimensionality of the space indicate the fact that tourism stakeholders should follow the planning of this industry in the far horizons; In this regard, knowing the importance of future research studies in the field of tourism and the appropriate leverage that the components influencing the development of tourism in a destination provide to its stakeholders, led researchers to identify and Analyze the factors hindering the development of tourism in Garmi County in a 10 year horizon; The present research will be applied, analytical, qualitative-quantitative and futuristic in terms of time perspective; The data collection of this research was done with the help of experts and the analysis of the data collected was done in Micmac software; According to the findings, increasing mistrust between people and tourists, reducing spatial affiliations, modernism overcoming traditionalism, increasing the number of university graduates, cultural aggression, increasing elite immigration, international sanctions, international propaganda against Iran, reduction of investment in tourism, borderless development of smart mobile phones, increase in the use of virtual networks, increase in artificial environment, environmental pollution, improper use of the environment, unsupervised development of tourism destinations and reduction of Non-profits group activities were the factors that will act as a deterrent to the development of tourism in Garmi city in the next 10 years; Finally, in accordance with the research findings, suggestions were made to reduce the impact of the identified inhibitory factors.

Developments in neighboring countries could have security implications for their neighbors. Given the importance of security in border areas, the purpose of this study is to explain the impact of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis on Iran's national security by emphasizing the security of international borders. Considering this issue, the authors ask the question that what effect does the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis have on the national security of Iran and, consequently, on the security of the international borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran? They are looking for an answer to this question. In this study, using a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library and documentary sources, the issue was analyzed. The findings showed that the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis due to its proximity to the international borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran in three Statement; The presence of terrorist forces opposed to the Islamic Republic in the Qarabagh region and the location of these forces near sensitive and vital areas located on the Iranian border, the presence of the Zionist regime in the form of intelligence and security bases near the border and sabotage operations through the northwestern border. Also, the lack of respect for international borders in the recent crisis (the second Karabakh war) has affected the security of the international borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results show that the Islamic Republic of Iran needs a grand national and international strategy to maintain its national security at the international borders, through which the necessary measures such as strengthening its borders to prevent sabotage of critical areas in the region. Borders and within the country in the national format and the necessary measures such as active diplomacy in international nuclear elites who entered the country through international borders, is in the international format.

Personality traits of individuals can be a determining factor in their productivity. Due to the special and sensitive position of border guards at the organizational and social level, recognizing personality and the effect of personality traits on productivity can be a good predictor for work and organizational decisions.

The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study is all the staff of the Ranger Unit, 75 people who are serving in the Border Regiment. The sampling method is integer and all members of the statistical community participated in the study sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire containing two parts of the Rapid Reaction Forces Operation Productivity Questionnaire, the validity of which was 0.70 by Cronbach's alpha method. The commanders' personality traits section with 27 questions was extracted from the standard questionnaire of five personality traits of NEO-FFI and distributed and collected by referring to Taybad Border Regiment. In the analysis of the obtained data, descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS25 software were used. As in the descriptive statistics method with the expression of dispersion and central indicators such as mean, standard deviation and in the inferential statistics method, regression test has been used.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the personality traits of commanders (emotional stability, extroversion, experimentation, spirit of agreement and work conscience) with the efficiency of rapid reaction operations of Taybad Ranger Unit at a significant level (0.05).

According to the results of the study, that the personality traits of commanders on the dependent variable of efficiency of Rapid Reaction Forces operations have been confirmed and on the other hand the importance of the issue and sensitivity of matters assigned to Taibad Ranger Rapid Reaction Forces, is necessary in appointments of Ranger Commands.