نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 5 (پیاپی 154، آذر و دی 1401)

Pumpkin plant has medicinal properties in the treatment of various metabolic disorders, which despite its good effectiveness, there is still no consensus on its use during pregnancy. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of using pumpkin on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the occurrence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women.

In the present study conducted as a randomized clinical trial in 2016, 60 pregnant women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were selected and randomly assigned to the group receiving the diet with pumpkin in the amount of 100 grams for 6 weeks and the group Diet recipients were divided alone. Serum metabolic indices, fatty liver grade, B-Mode ultrasound and gestational diabetes were compared between the two groups. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, analysis of variance, chi-square, t-test, Wilcoxon, McNemar and chi-square.

The results of the present study indicated that the metabolic indices of ALT, AST, ALP, LDL, and Chol had a significant difference between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (p<0.05). The comparison of fatty liver grade after the intervention did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). The amount of changes in B-Mode ultrasound after treatment was significant in both intervention (p=0.001) and control (p=0.046) groups. The point of the findings should be written in more detail, it is very dumb and incomprehensible

Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the use of pumpkin in pregnant mothers did not have a dissimilar effect than the placebo in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver and on the incidence of gestational diabetes, so its use is not recommended for this purpose.

Probiotic consumption can regulate the homeostasis of the digestive system and control metabolic diseases related to the digestive system. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate histological changes and gene expression of interleukin 12, 8 and interferon beta in liver tissue after 5 weeks of consumption of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic in steatosis model rats.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2018, 32 male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks and weighing 180 to 200 grams were included in the study and randomly divided into 4 groups (8 in each group); Control(CON), steatosis(ST), probiotic(PRO) and steatosis + probiotic(ST+PRO) were divided. Rats were modeled by intraperitoneal injection of 140 mg/kg of tetracycline (an antibiotic known to cause steatosis). The value of 107 colony forming units(cfu) of LGG was considered for probiotic groups for 5 weeks (5 days per week, by gavage). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine histological changes. Also, IL-12, IL-8 and IFN-β gene expression changes were used by RT-PCR method. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance statistical software.

Liver tissue histology improved after 5 weeks of probiotic consumption after ST model. ST group showed a significant increase in IL-12, IL-8 and IFN-β gene expression (p<0.05). Compared to the ST group, the PRO and ST+PRO groups showed a significant decrease in IL-12, IL-8 and IFN-β gene expression (p<0.05).

It appeared that the consumption of probiotics is able to improve the cellular and tissue of the liver in people with fatty liver problems by negatively regulating some cellular risk factors. However, further studies are required, especially in human samples.

Considering that overweight and obesity in transplant patients are considered as a risk factor for the occurrence of metabolic disorders, heart diseases and reduced kidney function, therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between anthropometric indicators and kidney function. In addition, the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix gamma carboxyglutamate protein were markers of cardiovascular disease risk in kidney transplant patients.

The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 2016-2019. Ninety kidney transplant patients referred to Tabriz Imam Reza (AS) hospital clinic, between 18 and 70 years of age and had normal kidney function and were within 6-12 months after transplant, were selected. Weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index and ratio of waist circumference to height were measured. Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein matrix gamma carboxyglutamate were measured and glomerular filtration rate was calculated as an index of kidney function. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson and Spearman statistical tests.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects was 44.10±13.05 years and 59% of the patients were male. Mean ± standard deviation of weight, body mass index, waist circumference and ratio of waist circumference to height of the patients were 69.61±11.59 kg, 25.77±4.42 kg/m2, 94.07±15.48 cm and respectively. It was 0.58±0.11. The prevalence of overweight and obesity based on body mass index was 38% and 17%, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of the glomerular filtration rate is 57.45±12.61 ml/min per 1.73 square meter and the serum level of fibroblast growth factor-23 is 73.63±20.9 units/ml and the median (25th percentile) and the 75th percentile) the dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein gamma carboxy glutamate matrix of serum was also (1.3, 60.20) 2.40 micrograms/liter. Significant correlation between anthropometric indices with glomerular filtration rate and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix gamma carboxy glutamate dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein, as well as between glomerular filtration rate and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix gamma carboxy glutamate dephosphorylated protein and Non-carboxylated was not observed (p>0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein gamma-carboxyglutamate matrix (p=0.036).

Considering that in the present study, the average weight, body mass index and also the performance of all patients were almost within the normal range, therefore, there is a significant relationship between anthropometric indices with glomerular filtration rate and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and gamma carboxy matrix. Dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein glutamate was not observed.

 There are several reports regarding the increase and growing prevalence of ESBLs producing organisms from different regions in the country. Considering that Klebsiella pneumoniae includes a significant percentage of hospital infections, therefore, knowing the pattern of resistance and sensitivity of this bacterium to beta-lactam antibiotics plays a significant role in the treatment and control of infections caused by this bacterium. As a result, the aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the frequency of beta-lactamases The broad spectrum of Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary isolates was drug-resistant by genotypic and phenotypic methods.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2018, 100 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infection from Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were identified and confirmed using standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was investigated by disk diffusion method based on CLSI criteria. To perform the phenotypic verification test of broad-spectrum β-lactamase producing strains, the combined disc method was used based on CLSI criteria. PCR test was done with specific primers to identify blaSHV and bla TEM. The collected data were analyzed using one-way and independent one-way analysis of variance statistical tests.

Among 100 isolates related to urinary tract infection, 33 isolates indicated resistance to at least 4 antibiotics, the highest resistance to cefotaxime antibiotic (38%) and the least antibiotic resistance to cotrimaxazole (22%). The results of combined disk indicated that 10 isolates (86.8%) were broad-spectrum β-lactamase producers. Among them, 7 isolates (70%) had the SHV gene and the other 3 isolates did not have any of the TEM and SHV genes.

The results indicated a higher frequency of ESBLs and correspondingly a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections.

Air pollution is one of the most important health risk factors in the world and one of the major causes of death and disability in the world. According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2012, about 3.7 million people in the world die due to air pollution. The purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the health effects of air pollution in Yasuj city in 2015 using the AirQ+ model.

In the present descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2019, the hourly concentrations of particulate pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in the monitoring station of Yasuj, Iran, from the environmental organization and related pressure and temperature information was obtained from the meteorological organization of the province in 2015. Validation of air quality data was done according to APHEKOM and WHO methodology, and the average specific to each pollutant was calculated and the final data file was entered into the model after processing. Finally, the city-specific annual population, the population at risk and the base incidence for each health outcome were prepared and entered into the model. At the end, the results were displayed in the form of mortality tables by the model. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Post hoc and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests.

The average concentration of pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, nitrogen dioxide and ozone were 21.68±13.91, 25.41±26.88, 25.41±6.92 and 25.69±6.92 micrograms/square meter, respectively. It was micrograms per square meter. The value of SOM weight 5 was also 17.83. Regarding the long-term effects in 2015, the attributed component and the number of attributed cases of natural deaths caused by nitrogen dioxide from pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns were less, which accounted for 6.01 and 6.79% of deaths, respectively. The total number of deaths caused by pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns and nitrogen dioxide were 23 and 20, respectively. Ozone had no effect on respiratory mortality (zero cases). In the case of natural mortality, the highest and lowest attributed components were observed in pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns and ozone, respectively.

Contrary to the insignificant effect of ozone pollutant and the non-attribution of deaths to this pollutant, for other pollutants such as pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns and nitrogen dioxide, effects on the number of deaths were observed, and these effects may impose direct and indirect costs on the city.

Peer-to-peer learning is an educational method. Many studies have been conducted on peer-assisted learning, but it is not clear how many medical schools use different forms of peer-assisted learning and what the model and characteristics of peer-assisted learning were in their study. Because no study has comprehensively explained the characteristics of peer-assisted learning. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and explain the characteristics of learning with the help of peers.

The present qualitative study was conducted using the contractual content analysis method in 2021. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 5 medical education expert faculty members who were purposefully selected, and external and internal research conducted on peer-assisted teaching was collected, and the characteristics of peer-assisted teaching were collected from interviews and articles with the help of the technique. Qualitative content analysis was extracted. Interviews were entered into Max Kyuda version 10 software and data analysis was done using Granheim's content analysis method.

The findings included one main class, 13 sub-classes and 92 extracted codes, the sub-classes included peer characteristics, the person providing training or receiving peer training, how to provide training to peers or receive training from peers, planning for training with the help of Peers, evaluation of training provided by peers, supervision of providing or receiving training from peers, applicant for providing or receiving training from peers, place of providing or receiving training from peers, subject of providing or receiving training from peers, having an educational design, respecting rights The material and spiritual of peers, the conscious consent of peers, were the benefits of using peers.

The characteristics of peer-assisted learning extracted in the present project may help to create a questionnaire to investigate the status of peer-assisted learning, especially among medical students in teaching hospitals.

Giardia lamblia is one of the most common and important intestinal parasites that cause diseases in a wide range of animals and humans. This parasite has eight assemblages and different genotypes, of which the most common human genotypes are AII and BIII. The risk factors of giardiasis and their relationship with the genotypes of this parasite are not well defined. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining and investigating the relationship between risk factors, clinical symptoms and Giardia infection and its genotypes in people referred to Zahedan Health Reference Laboratory.

In this retrospective study was conducted in 2019-2020, the information questionnaire of 245 people referred to Zahedan Health Reference Center was used. These people were studied to investigate Giardia infection and determine its genotypes. In the survey of the questionnaires, 80 of the 245 samples were infected with Giardia cysts and were genotyped by the molecular restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. In the present study, the relationship between risk factors and clinical symptoms of Giardia infection and its genotypes in referring people were analyzed with chi-square tests, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

A significant relationship was observed between Giardia genotypes and risk factors such as age under ten years, living in suburban areas, lack of hygienic standards, and clinical symptoms. The multivariable logistic regression model showed two risk factors age group under ten years (OR: 9.65%, 95% CI: 4.41-16.03) and living in suburban areas (OR: 8.28, 95% CI: 3.84-17.85) had a high risk of contracting giardiasis.

The age group of less than ten years and living in the suburban areas of Zahedan are the most important risk factors for contracting giardiasis. Moreover, a strong relationship between risk factors such as age under ten years old, living in the suburbs of Zahedan and clinical symptoms and AII genotype was observed, which makes effective measures to control and prevent this disease among children and residents of the outskirts of the city essential.

SARS-CoV-2 virus expresses specific patterns of genetic diversity in the genome. These changes in the virus and its genetic diversity in human populations can determine the transmission of the virus and the severity of the Covid-19 disease. Genetic diversity and immune differences in human populations can be the driving force in the evolution of the virus and its escape from the immune system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic changes and escape routes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from immune responses.

In this review article conducted in 2021 at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, studies published in electronic databases; Pub-Med, Science Direct, Elsevier, Scopus and Google Scholar were investigated regarding the genetic diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its ways of escaping the immune system.

The results indicated that various mutations have been observed in SARS-CoV-2 virus types, some of these mutations are effective on viral characteristics such as infection and severity of the covid-19 disease and are related to the ability to escape from immune responses and can lead to inhibition of innate immune responses. and be acquired.

By identifying the types of mutations of SARS-CoV-2 virus and their relationship with the ways of escaping from the immune system, we can hope for effective treatment methods as well as obtaining vaccines with greater efficiency and effectiveness.

Denture stomatitis is the most common opportunistic infection caused by candida in denture wearer’s palate, which is more common and severe among diabetic patients. Several studies have already been conducted to examine various drugs for treatment of candidiasis. Recently, some cases of drug resistance of none albicans Candida species to antifungal drugs have been reported. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro susceptibility of isolated Candida species of uncontrolled diabetic patients against Nystatin and Fluconazole.

In the present lab trial study, 43 patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and denture stomatitis referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center and Clinics were screened and sample were collected from the palate using sterile swabs. At that point samples were cultured to determine the differential colony counts through the color difference between the colonies and furthermore MIC of Nystatin and Fluconazole by two different methods (Broth microdilution &Disk diffusion). Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and Kruskal-Wallis test.

In the present study, the most commonly isolated species were: Candida albicans (38/3%), followed by Candida tropicalis (14/9%), Candida krusei (10/6%), Candida glabrata (8/5%) and other species (27/7%). According to both methods, Candida albicans was the most sensitive to both Nystatin and Fluconazole. The most resistant species to Nystatin and Fluconazole were Candida glabrata and Candida Krusei respectively. In 100% concentration, sensitivity of candida species to Nystatin was significantly higher than Fluconazole, except for Candida albicans (p-value=0/05).

The present study indicated that Nystatin was better than Fluconazole for treatment of denture stomatitis in uncontrolled diabetic patients.

Family is the most important institution of society and the shaper of human personality. Marital compatibility is one of the most important factors in determining the stability and durability of a marital relationship. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate constructive interactions in the marital adjustment of couples in Yasuj, Iran.

The present qualitative research was conducted using thematic analysis method in 2021. The participants were couples who had a high compatibility score and at least 7 years had passed in their married life. The sampling method was purposeful; therefore, semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Interviews were conducted individually and continued until saturation. Finally, the data were analyzed using MAXQDA software.

MAXQDA 2018 software was used for data analysis. After analyzing the content of the data, six central categories were obtained, which were communication skills (border guarding, conversation skills, verbal and non-verbal communication) in order of importance. Valuation (self-worth, good thinking, acceptance of others). Permeability (agreement, tolerance, flexibility). Purposefulness (foresight, common goals). Support (service, coordination). Decision making skills (participatory decision making, consulting).

Compatible couples use constructive interactions more in their lives and marital adjustment is more dependent on the skills that are developed during life.