نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 59، تابستان 1401)

Oxidative stress is strongly involved in functional and neurological dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Therefore, approaches for using antioxidants to reverse IR-induced damage are being reviewed. Shallot is a plant with well-proven antioxidant properties; but its neuroprotective potential against cerebral ischemia has not been studied. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the influence of shallot onion powder against IR-induced oxidative stress.

In this experimental study, 4 groups of 7 male Wistar rats were used, which included: sham, stroke, and stroke treated with shallot onion powder and group treated with shallot onion powder. After 8 weeks of oral treatment, rats were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for one hour. After 22 hours of reperfusion, brain activity levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed.

Pretreatment with shallot onion powder led to a substantial increase in the levels of CAT (P<0/001), GPX (P<0/05), SOD (P<0/01); and there was a significant reduction in MDA level (P<0/01) in shallot onion powder + MCAO groups compared to MCAO groups.

Oral consumption of shallots significantly decreases focal ischemic brain damage/reperfusion. The defense mechanism against cerebral ischemia is linked with increased activity of antioxidants associated with lesion pathogenesis

In the present experiment, the effects of normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil along with saturated and unsaturated fats on blood parameters and safety of broilers with normal and low protein diets were evaluated.

In this study, 384 Ross 308 broilers in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial engagements with 8 treatments including (zero and normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil), (beef tallow and rapeseed oil) and common crude protein and 5% less than the recommended strain in 4 replications and 12 chicks per replication in 42 days and in the three experimental periods included starter (1 to 10 days), growing (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 42 days) for investigation. Blood parameters and immunity of broiler chickens were tested by ELISA method and by spectrophotometer and using commercial biochemistry kits, in a completely randomized design.

In relation to the effects of experimental treatments on the biochemical parameters of the blood of chickens, the use of cow tallow, normal thyme essential oil and normal protein level, and rapeseed oil along with thyme essential oil and low protein diets, reduced the LDL level of chickens (P<0.05). The use of encapsulated essential oil of thyme and tallow increased the percentage of blood lymphocytes (P<0.05).

The results of this research show that in Ras 308 broiler chickens, the use of unsaturated fat, along with encapsulated thyme essential oil and the level of crude protein recommended for the strain, improves blood parameters in blood LDL level and the immunity of chickens on the percentage of lymphocytes. It seems that the combination of these substances has synergistic effects and can strengthen each other's biological effects.

Appetite modulation is a set of physiological mechanisms that influence the various areas of the central nervous system. Noradrenaline, serotonin, and oxytocin have an important role in the central control of food intake in birds. On the other hand, nesfatin decreases food intake in birds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the synergistic effects of noradrenalin, serotonin, and oxytocin with nesfatin on food intake in neonatal broiler chickens.

A total of one hundred and forty-four neonatal chicks were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Each experiment had a control group and three treatment groups (n=12 in each group). In all experiments, 3-hour food-deprived birds received intracerebroventricular ‎injections of either control diluent or drug solution. Then, the birds had ad libitum access to the ‎food and fresh water, and then cumulative food intake (gr) was measured based on the ‎percentage of the body. In the first experiment, normal saline, noradrenalin, nesfatin, and noradrenalin plus nesfatin were injected.‎ In the second experiment, normal saline, serotonin, nesfatin, and serotonin + nesfatin were injected. In the third experiment, normal saline, oxytocin, nesfatin, and oxytocin plus nesfatin were injected.

The results of the present study showed that co-injection of noradrenalin and nesfatin, serotonin plus nesfatin, and oxytocin plus nesfatin significantly reduced food intake in broiler chickens (P<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, there is probably a synergistic effect between noradrenalin, serotonin, and oxytocin with nesfatin on food intake control of neonatal broiler chicks.

cumin is one of the most ancient medicinal plants in traditional medicine which is used for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders .in order to investigate the effect of different levels of cumin (bunium persicum) powder on performance of some blood parameters and morphological characteristics of ileum of Japanese quail.

In this experiment, 400 male Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four treatments, five replicates and 20 quails in each replicate from 14 to 42 days of age. The black cumin powder was applied at four levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %) at four levels

There was no significant difference between the levels of black cumin and the control treatment (p< 0.05). Serum albumin was significantly increased under the diet supplemented with 1 and 1.5 % of black cumin powder (p < 0.05 ) .Blood serum calcium and protein levels were significantly increased under the diet containing 1.5 % of black cumin powder (p < 0.05 ).The amount of phosphorus and glucose in the diet containing 0.5 % of the black cumin powder in the diet decreased and significantly (p < 0.05 ) increased in comparison with the control .The triglyceride concentration in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control treatment (p < 0.05).

Morphology of ileum in experimental treatments was not significantly different from control treatment. According to the results, adding black cumin powder at 0.5 % level in Japanese quail diet improved the performance and quality of carcass traits compared to other treatments.

Molybdenum, as a trace and essential element has cofactor role in the structure of antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed at investigating the antioxidant role of sodium molybdate on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced testicular toxicity in adult Wistar rats.

Eighty adult male rats were divided into ten groups, including healthy control, sodium molybdate alone, infertile control (3 mg/kg of CdCl2), and sodium molybdate plus CdCl2. The impacts of oral administration of sodium molybdate (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4mg/kg) was evaluated in healthy and infertile animals. After the end of the period, serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH and changes in body weight and testicular,the number of embryos obtained from fertility evaluation.Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test.

Final body weight, weight gained, testicular weight and ratio of testicular weight to body weight, serum level of male sex hormones and number of fertility fetuses in infertile experimental groups treated with sodium molybdate were significantly different from the infertile control group (P< 0.05).

The current findings suggested that sodium molybdate performs as a strong protective agent from CdCl2-related testicular toxicity in rats.

The need of human society is drawn towards healthier and more useful foods and the food industry is expected to pay attention to this need. This study was conducted with the aim of adding encapsulated Lactobacillus Casei to rye drink and investigating the diversity of the bacterial population and intestinal histopathology in the rat animal model.

Lactobacillus Casei was encapsulated with a concentration of 2% sodium alginate polymer by emulsion method. After adding a standard dose of encapsulated bacteria to rye drink, in vivo experiments were performed on 4 groups of adult male rats as: control, malt drink, rye drink, and rye drink with probiotics. Animals received the recommended beverages for 28 days. Bacterial population diversity was done by molecular method (PCR-DGGE) and histopathological examination using staining (H&E).

There was bacterial diversity in the intestinal contents of the studied rats, and the highest population composition related to Lactobacillus Casei was detected in the intestinal contents of rats that received rye drink with probiotics. Also, histopathological studies did not have negative results in any of the groups.

The results of this research show that the use of microencapsulation technique can increase the shelf life of Lactobacillus Casei in the intestine.

The first vital stage in the developmental program occurs at the time before implantation, after  fertilization, and before implantation of the fetus in the uterus. This period represents a vulnerable stage because the epigenome undergoes dynamic changes in DNA methylation profiles. Changes in early embryonic reprogramming can disrupt DNA methylation patterns and cause permanent changes in the growth program, leading to the onset of adverse health outcomes in offspring. Although there are many evidences that exposure to harmful substances during embryonic development before implantation can cause lasting epigenetic changes in offspring, the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Since the physiological or pathological changes in DNA methylation can occur in response to environmental cues, a suitable environment plays an important role in fetal growth success. In this review article, we investigated the mechanisms involved in fetal epigenetic reprogramming during DNA methylation and maternal environmental stressors, such as the effects of paraquat herbicide during the pre-implantation stages of the embryo.