مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و سوم شماره 8 (آبان 1401)

Genu varum is one of the most common abnormalities of the knee joint in which the inner condyles of the femur move away from each other. The aim of the present study was to compare efficiency of exercise on the treadmill and ground on the ground reaction forces during walking in people with genu varum.

The present study was a quasi-experimental and laboratory study. Forty-five boys with genu varum were selected randomly and divided into three groups of 15 in each including: exercise on the treadmill (age: 21.78±2.28 years, weight: 83.35±1.10 kg), exercise on the ground (age: 21.14±2.33 years, weight: 82.25±1.84 kg), and control group (age: 23.14±2.60 years, weight: 80.15±1.50 kg). Running exercises were performed for eight weeks in training groups with running speed of 3.2 m/s. Ground reaction forces were recorded by Bertec Corporation (Columbus, OH) with sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. Ground reaction force amplitudes and their time to peak were used for statistical analysis. For statistical analysis, SPSS V21 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures (repeated measure ANOVA) were used at a significant level of 0.05.

The results of the present study demonstrated that time to peak of the medio-lateral force at heel contact phase at exercise on the ground group was statistically different from other groups (P=0.000). Also, time to peak of the medio-latral force at heel contact phase at exercise on the treadmill group was statistically different from other groups (P =0.000). Moreover, time to peak of the vertical force at push-off phase at exercise on the treadmill group was statistically different from other groups (P =0.000).

According to the results, training on the treadmill is most effective than training on the ground on time to reach peak forces than force amplitudes. Overall, training on the treadmill have greater positive aspects than training on the ground. However, future studies are needed to establish this issue.

Maintaining balance and preventing falls are important concerns for the elderly. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to study the interventional effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises and soya consumption on knee and ankle joint proprioception of elderly women.

This semi-experimental and field-based research was done in a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population was 45 elderly people over 60 years old from Zanjan city, Iran. Simple random and convenient sampling method was used in this research. For this, after announcing the call among the target community, 40 elderly people were selected based on Cochran's formula and divided into four groups: Pilates (10 people), soya (10 people), Pilates + soya (10 people), and control groups (10 people). To compare research groups, one-way analysis of variance and dependent t-test were used at the significance level of P<0.05.

The Pilates group and the soya group were closer to the measuring criteria in knee flexion, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion. Also, the Pilates + soya group showed significant improvement compared to all three groups (P<0.05).

Knee flexion, dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion movements are among the movements that play central roles in maintaining body balance and preventing from falls and injuries. Therefore, performing pilates exercises with soybeans can improve physical fitness and maintain balance, and in general, ease daily activities.

Ancient schwannoma is one of the rarest subtypes of typical schwannoma, and just two cases of codaequina involvement with this tumor have been reported so far. This type of tumor has large areas without cells (Antony B) and a small part of pericellular areas (Antony A), which in the case of typical schwannoma, it is opposite. The pathological form of this tumor indicates the slow growth of the soft consistency and the benign course of these types of tumors.

Cognition impairment is a common manifestation of ischemic stroke patients. The cognition function is modulated by serotonin levels in the brain. The serotonin levels of brain are changed during ischemic stroke. Therefore, we hypothesis that intervention in serotonin reuptake may improve the cognition function in the patients. We evaluated and compared the effect of escitalopram and fluoxetine on ischemic stroke patients. 

A hundred patients whose ischemic stroke was confirmed by neurologist were enrolled in this interventional study at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran. All treatments and interventions performed based on a standard approach. The first group received escitalopram(10 mgd/day) as an adjuvant treatment and second group received fluoxetine (10 mgd/day). The cognition function of the patients was measured by Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) in the 5th and 95th days after final diagnosis.  Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 23.

In this study about 54.1% of patients were female and the rest 45.9% were male.  Gender and smoking had no influence on cognition function. There was no difference in the cognition function of the patients with posterior and anterior circulation impairment. Our finding showed escitalopram but not fluoxetine improved the cognition function significantly (p=0.032). Age and creatinine levels had a significant correlation with cognition function before(DRS1) and after (DRS2) treatment and with their difference(DRS2-DRS1). While serum urea levels were correlated with the difference of DRS before and after treatment ( Pearson correlation, -.318, -.397 and P= 0.026, 0.005 respectively)

The results of this study recommends that escitalopram can be used as an adjuvant medicine to improve the cognition function in the ischemic stroke patients. The creatinine and urea levels may be a good biomarker to prescribe escitalopram in the ischemic stroke patients.

Appendectomy due to appendicitis is the most common emergency surgery in the world. Appendicitis occurs mostly in the second to fourth decades of life. The aim of this study was to compare wound infection in skin repair by the two ways of subcuticular and far and near sutures in uncomplicated appendectomies in Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia, Iran.

This study was an interventional trial that was conducted on 300 patients who underwent appendectomy and the surgical site wound was repaired with two types of subcuticular sutures and distal and proximal sutures. The patients were examined by the attending physician for signs of infection such as purulent discharge, local tenderness, fever, hematoma, redness, and drainage at the site of the surgical wound. The final diagnosis of the infection was made by the attending physician based on the definition of the infection and according to the symptoms.

In this study, 150 people had their skin repaired by the subcuticular method and 150 people by the far and near method. In terms of surgical wound infection, 3 people (2%) had infection and 147 people (98%) had no infection. In the group of skin repair by far and near method, 5 people (3.3%) had infection and 145 people (96.7%) had no infection in skin repair by subcuticular method. In total, 8 people (2.66%) had surgical wound infection and 292 people (97.33%) had no surgical wound infection, and there was no significant difference between post-surgical wound infection in the two treatment groups (P<0.05).

This study showed that there was no significant difference in wound infection in two treatment groups. However, the infection in the subcuticular skin repair group was higher than the far and near skin repair group.

gallstone is a common and frequent disease of the digestive system. Bacterial infections may also contribute to the formation and symptoms of gallstones. One of the prominent bacteria in this field is Helicobacter pylori. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the gallbladder mucosa and its clinical symptoms in the patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis who underwent surgery.

In this cohort study, 60 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic cholelithiasis in the fourth quarter of 2018 were included in the study. Patients were examined in terms of demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms including preoperative symptoms. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for histological examination, and Giemsa staining was performed for Helicobacter pylori examination. In the microscopic study, the stained slides were studied with a maximum magnification of 40 or 100 for the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori.

In this study, 13 people (21.7%) were male and 47 people (78.7%) were female. The average age of the patients was 47.61 ± 13.51 years. In 17 people (28.3%), the gallbladder mucosa was positive for Helicobacter pylori. The most common clinical symptoms in Helicobacter pylori positive patients were: epigastric pain in 70.6%, nausea and vomiting in 52.9%, loss of appetite in 23.5%, pain between the two shoulder blades in 23.5%, and fever in 11.8 percent. In this study, no significant relationship was found between the clinical symptoms of cholelithiasis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gallbladder mucosa. Also, no significant relationship was found between the presence of this bacteria in the gallbladder mucosa and the age and sex of the patients (P<0.05).

The results of this study showed that there is no significant relationship between the clinical symptoms of cholelithiasis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gallbladder mucosa in the studied groups. Also, there is no relationship between the presence of this bacteria in the gallbladder mucosa and the age and sex of the patients.

Nowadays, according to the advances in medical science, blood products are considered as one of the important biological tools. In this regard, the use of blood-derived biomaterials in reconstructive medicine to repair a variety of tissues has expanded. One of these products is based on platelet separation, which is obtained by different processing techniques and is used alone or in combination with a variety of synthetic or natural structures. These platelet products contain a large number of growth factors that play key roles in the process of tissue repair and regeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of these products in the repair of different body tissues.

This study is a review one that was conducted by electronic search in PubMed and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2021 with keywords such as platelet⸲ growth factors⸲ stem cells and regenerative medicine.

Findings from studies show that blood-derived biomaterials can be extracted by different techniques, and these products have different types of growth factors such as VEGF, PDGF, EGF, and TGF-β, which can contribute to faster tissue regeneration alone or in combination with other substances.

Studies show that blood-derived platelet products can facilitate and accelerate the healing process of various tissues. They can also help advance therapeutic goals.

The relationship between the frequency content of ground reaction forces in people with peroneitis while walking is one of the fields of interest for researchers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the training protocol in water and the thera-band on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in people with pronate during walking.

The present study was a clinical trial study that was conducted in a semi-experimental and laboratory manner. The statistical sample of the present study included 45 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran, who had pronate and were selected purposefully and were placed randomly and equally in the three groups of thera-band, exercise in water, and control. Multivariate analysis of variance test was used to compare between groups. The significance level was considered as (P<0.05).

The results indicated that there was a significant increase in the frequency component with a power of 99.5% in the internal-external direction during the post-test compared to the pre-test (P=0.001). The results of the follow-up test showed that the frequency with a power of 99.5% in the internal-external direction during the post-test compared to the pre-test increased significantly, , for the groups of training in water, and the thera-band (Ps equal to 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). Based on paired t-test, the interactive effect of time-group on frequency with 99.5% power of ground reaction force in the anterior-posterior direction decreased by %22.19 (P=0.049). Also, in the vertical direction, the effect of the time factor on the mean frequency during the post-test was significant compared to the pre-test (P=0.044).

According to the results from the above research, it can be said that training in water and thera-band may probably be useful for improving balance and reducing walking fluctuations in people with pronate.