مجله روان شناسی فرهنگی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative status of psychology graduates. In this research, the documentary method was used. In this regard, the statistics of Iranian higher education, which is the most authoritative document in this field and has been published by the Iranian Institute of Higher Education Research and Planning from the academic year 1348-49 to the academic year 1399-1400 were reviewed and analyzed. Findings showed that in the last 47 academic years, approximately 211,181 people were educated from the total number of psychology majors, which is approximately 8% of the total humanities graduates in the three bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. The total number of female psychology graduates is three times that of male graduates, and a total of 75% of psychology graduates are women. This is an advantage in all three levels of undergraduate, graduate and doctoral. This is especially true at the undergraduate level, where female graduates are more than 3.5 times as likely as male graduates. Psychology graduates in undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees accounted for 69%, 30% and 1% of the total psychology graduates, respectively. The results of this study show that psychology is one of the most popular academic disciplines among students, especially women, and has had a very significant quantitative growth, especially at the undergraduate level.

Life goals and aspirations seem to be influenced by culture. Individualist cultures allow individuals to choose their own lifestyles based on their own preferences and attitudes; but in collectivist cultures, individuals' personal goals depend on collective goals. The aim of the present research is to study the role of culture in prioritizing goals and aspirations of Iranian and American students. This study was designed and implemented descriptively. The sample consisted of 250 Iranian students and 164 American ones. Data were collected using an Aspiration Index (AI). Friedman test was used to analyze the data. The results of Friedman test showed that the prioritization of American students includes intrinsic, self-physical, self-transcendence and extrinsic goals and aspirations, and Iranian students include intrinsic, self-physical, extrinsic and self-transcendence goals and aspirations, respectively. Also prioritizing the dimensions of American students' goals and aspirations, including relatedness or affiliation, self-acceptance, physical health, community feeling, hedonism, spirituality, wealth, fame, conformity, and physical attractiveness and Iranian students include self-acceptance, physical health, community feeling, wealth, hedonism, spirituality, fame, conformity, physical attractiveness, and having a sincere and relatedness or affiliation, respectively. In general, American students have paid more attention to the goal of "relatedness or affiliation" than Iranian students. In fact, considering the division of internal and external goals based on individualistic and collectivist culture, Contrary to expectations, individualism was higher in Iranian students than in American students.

In this study the semantics of different types of Gheirat , were examined .The present study is descriptive-analytical; The statistical population of this study comprised of all students of the faculties of the University of Tehran, from whom 600 people were selected by available sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that : Hearing the word gheirat, caused different emotions in both positive and negative :student's associations when hearing the word gheirat were different. : The types of gheirat were of different importance to individuals ؛ Nearly three-quarters of student believed that gheirat had nothing to do with gender ؛ More than half of the students stated that some people confuse gheirat with jealousy ؛ students evaluated their own level of gheirat more than their evaluation of the level of gheirat of Iranians ؛only 3/5% said they were agree to marry someone supposed who wanted wife without gheirat . In predicting the effective factors in assessing the degree of gheirat, several factors were effective and in total, about 50% of the variance explained this variable that the share of chastity gheirat with 35%. ,in addition the gheirat has a social dimension. In this sense a man with gheirat not only protects his valuble assets , but also considers it his duty to preserve the valuable assets of others. A comparison of gheirat with these two functions with its English equivalent - sexual jealousy - shows that there is a profound difference between the two concepts.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of factors affecting marital satisfaction. The research method was correlation using structural equation modeling. The sample consisted of 330 married people who participated in this study voluntarily. Instruments included Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (short form, 1993), Emotion regulation Questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003), Acceptance and Action (Bond et al., 2003) and short form self-compassion (Raes et al., 2011). Data were analyzed by correlation analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS-26 and AMOS-26 software. Based on the results, the general model of the study was confirmed and the variables of self-compassion and emotion regulation mediated by psychological flexibility predicted 0.23 of the variance of marital satisfaction. The model fit indices had a favorable level. Analysis of mediator model indices showed that psychological flexibility has a complete mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and marital satisfaction, while the mediating path of emotional evaluation to flexibility was not significant and this variable only played a direct role in explaining marital satisfaction. Based on the results, it is suggested that self-compassion and psychological flexibility be given more and more attention in marital counseling. Keywords: Psychological Flexibility, Emotion Regulation, Self-Sufficiency, Marital Satisfaction

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between early maladaptive schemas and resilience with lovemaking styles (Storge and Mania) with the role of mediating the role of Psychological flexibility. The analysis method in this study was structural equation modeling. The study community included all Secondary school teachers in Rudsar city in the first half of 2021, that among them 307 teachers selected as samples by available sampling In order to collect data. Research questionnaires included Young Schema Questionnaire (Second Edition 2005) love Questionnaire (LAS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (CD-RIS) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Second Edition (AAQ-II) were used. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS-21 and Amos-21 software. The results showed that psychological flexibility mediates the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Storge love style in a negative way and the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and mania lovemaking style in a positive and meaningful way. Psychological flexibility also mediates the relationship between resilience and Storge lovemaking style in a positive way and the relationship between resilience and mania lovemaking style in a negative and meaningful way.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate a successful parenting scale in samples of Iranian families. The research method was correlation. All families living in Qazvin who had children aged 14 to 18 years at the time of the study, formed the statistical population of the present study. Random clustering method was used to select the sample. 640 samples were initially studied and using fuzzy analysis method, finally 100 samples were included in the study. Successful parenting scale in three indicators of parenting role with 11 component ;couple index was constructed with three components, and the family index was constructed with three components. The content validity results obtained from the review of experts using the method of Lawshe, were calculated above 0.62 to show that the content validity of the scale is confirmed. In the first stage, this scale was made with 99 items, which after preliminary implementation and content validity assessment, 9 items, due to not having a clean coefficient higher than 0.30 were removed. After deleting the mentioned items, the reliability by Cronbach's alpha method indicated that the reliability of each component is higher than 0.70 and for the whole scale 0.93, which indicates the confirmation of the reliability of the successful parenting scale. In the next step, exploratory factor analysis was performed. The fuzzy factor loads obtained for the scale items designed showed that all items except item 38 were capable of measuring successful parenting.

 A person's moral perspective plays an important role in how he or she deals with everyday issues as well as in the way he or she argues morally. In order to assess the moral views of individuals, it is necessary to develop a questionnaire. The purpose of this study is to develop a questionnaire of ethical perspective and its standardization. The method of this research was a combination of qualitative (descriptive-analytical) and quantitative (field). First, the most important ethical views were collected and defined, and the content validity of the components was confirmed by experts. Subjects were then designed for each of the ethical perspectives. Content validity experts then evaluated the items. The confirmed items were integrated into an initial questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was administered to 312 participants who were selected from teachers, students and students available in Qom and Tehran. Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and spss24 and lisrel8.1 software were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that the Ethical Perspective Questionnaire consists of 11 components: and 55 items in a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the structure was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis, which was desirable. Also, the reliability of the components by Cronbach's alpha method was 0.622 to 0.752. The ethical perspective questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability and can be an effective step in evaluating the ethical perspective of individuals and developing research in this field.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and psychological well-being through the mediation of students' academic hope. The research method was correlation and the statistical population included all the secondary school students in Shiraz in the academic year 2019-2020. The statistical sample consisted of 400 students (215 girls 185 boys) who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and answered the Mental Intelligence Questionnaire, academic hope scale and Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed in structural equation modeling. Results showed that moral intelligence had a direct and significant effect on psychological well-being and academic hope. There was also a significant effect of the direct effect academic hope on psychological well-being. The indirect effect of moral intelligence on psychological well-being is significant from the path of academic hope, indicating the mediating role of academic hope in the relationship between moral intelligence and psychological well-being. Therefore, moral intelligence mediated by academic hope play an important role in students’ psychological well-being.

The aim of this study was to develop a model for Internet addiction based on cultural intelligence, big five personality factors, and high-risk behaviors, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation in students. For this purpose, an applied study of descriptive-correlation type and structural equation method was formed. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Electronic Branch. Using the Cochran's formula, the sample size of 312 people was determined by available sampling method from the statistical population of the study and the Internet addiction questionnaire (Kimberly and Young, 1998) big five personality factors of Neo (Mac Gary and Costa, 1995) cultural intelligence (Ang et al., 2004), cognitive emotion regulation (Garnowski and Craig, 2006) and high-risk behaviors (Center for Disease Control, 2008) responded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and AMOSversion 22. Analysis of structural equations showed that the research model has a good fit. In other words, variables of cultural intelligence, big five personality factors and high-risk behaviors have a direct and significant relationship with cognitive regulation of emotion and have a positive effect on it. In addition, cognitive emotion regulation has a direct and significant relationship with Internet addiction and has a positive effect on it. As a result, it can be said that cognitive regulation of emotion, the effect of cultural intelligence, big five personality factors and high-risk behaviors of students on Internet addiction mediates them. (P<0.05).

Since the concept of mental health is very much related to culture and is affected by it, also Cultural practices and beliefs may influence coping with psychological distress and sometimes assist to cope with mental disorder. On the other hand these cultural factors can be the source of distress and conflict and underlie the mental disorders, therefore the present study done aims to the role of historical and cultural context affecting of emotion regulation in Iranian society. The present study was Inductive qualitative content analysis and latent analysis method. Target community includes specialists and experts emotion regulation in Iran was by purposeful sampling to saturation with 11 experts, a semi-structured interview was conducted. qualitative analysis of the findings leads to the extraction of three main categories such as: a) Ethnicities and the role of language (subcultures), B) The role of myths and stories, J) Intergenerational differences, as well as six sub-floors. The results showed that components related to historical and cultural contexts such as ethnicity, Myths and stories also, intergenerational differences affect the people emotion regulation.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of interactive teaching model of e-learning on academic self-efficacy and social skills of female elementary students. The research method is quasi-experimental. In the present study, due to the large statistical population, random sampling was performed and 30 people were selected as the sample and Garsham and Elliott (1999) social skills questionnaire and researcher-made academic self-efficacy questionnaire were performed on them. Then, by simple random number, this number was replaced in two groups of 15 people, one in the experimental group and the other in the control group. The experimental group was trained in interactive e-learning in one month and in 4 useful 45-minute sessions in the classroom, while the control group followed their usual daily schedule during this period and did not receive any educational intervention. After the training program, the questionnaire was administered to both groups again. Data analysis using analysis of covariance showed that attending classes based on the interactive teaching model of e-learning had a significant effect on the academic self-efficacy of female elementary school students. These results show that the interactive teaching model of e-learning has a positive and significant effect on social skills in the dimensions of: cooperation, assertiveness, self-control and empathy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the multiple relationships between religiosity,self-efficacy,meaning of life,perceived social support and psychological well-being and to provide a model for predicting psychological well-being by religiosity,self-efficacy,meaning of life and perceived social support.In this study,the mediating role of self-efficacy,meaning of life,perceived social support in the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being was investigated.The research method is descriptive and the research design is Correlation of path analysis type.The sample consisted of 446 students studying at the Islamic Azad University of Qom in the academic year of 2017-2018 who were selected by stratified random sampling.Data were collected using the religiosity questionnaire,general self-efficacy,meaning of life, psychological well-being,and the Perceived social support.Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and path analysis were used for data analysis.Findings showed that A)The path of the effect of religiosity on self-efficacy and meaning of life is positive and significant, but the path of religiosity and perceived social support is not significant.The paths between self-efficacy and psychological well-being, the meaning of life and psychological well-being, perceived social support and psychological well-being are also positive and significant. B)perceived Social support directly has a significant effect on psychological well-being. But religiosity indirectly affects psychological well-being through mediating variables of self-efficacy and meaning of life. Therefore, self-efficacy and the meaning of life can be considered as appropriate mediating variables in the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being. Also in this study, 51% of the changes in psychological well-being are explained by religiosity, perceived social support, meaning of life and self-efficacy

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of designed psychological intervention using Islamic attitude on symptoms of migraine and stress in women patients with migraine headache. In this study a quasi-experimental design with pretest- posttest with experimental and control group was used. The data gathering instrument was Ahvaz Migraine headache Questionnaire (AMQ) and (PSS-14) Questionnaire. The population of this research included women patients who were diagnosed by a neurologist with migraine. By snowball sampling 26 women patients with migraine headache were determined and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group was received 10 weekly sessions (90 minutes) of intervention. The results of covariance analysis have shown that the differences between experimental and control groups in stress score and symptoms of migraine were significant; and so the intervention had decreased the level of migraine`s symptoms and stress in women patients with migraine headache. Results have shown that designed psychological intervention using Islamic attitude is an effective therapy for decreasing the level of migraine`s symptoms and stress in women patients with migraine headache.

this study has aimed to discover the stressful situations from the view point of the Quran and to design and validate its primary questionnaire among university and seminary students. to achieve this aim , two methods have been used : content analysis and survey. In the content analysis , all verses of the Quran were studied and verses from which stressful situations were extracted were determined , notated and coded. Then, the verses were categorized into 28 different situations by analyzing and investigating. To investigate content validity of stressful situations, 5 religious –psychological experts were consulted and 25 situations were confirmed due to having necessary CVI. After investigating the content validity of extracted situations and considering the mentioned points by experts ,108 items were proposed for v questionnaire. Then, the items were given to 11 experts of psychology and psychometrics so that their validity were investigated. The primary questionnaire with 99 items (9 items from 108 items were deleted based on the experts’ view) was performed in two steps including experimental step( with 31 respondents) and final step( with 248 respondents).finally, after factor analysis ( principal component analysis and varimax rotation), 89-item questionnaire were extracted with five subscales including : situation of personality cohesion, respect and preserving the situation , religion-opinion orientations, security and health , physiologic needs. To validate , Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used. Total alpha of scales was 0.997 and the alpha of subscales showed that Internal consistency of items in all scales was significant

The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model of abnormal Self-Histrionic based on religious texts and to examine its validity. According to the purpose, first with a qualitative approach with the strategy of "lexical search" by 27 related words, 363 religious statements were collected using purposeful sampling based on the principle of saturation in Islamic sources and using the method of qualitative analysis of the content of religious texts (Shojaei, 1399 a) was examined. Then, to ensure their compatibility with the content of religious texts on the one hand and its application in the field of psychology on the other hand, the findings are validated by evaluating the opinions of experts by 11 experts by calculating the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Was examined. Findings from the study showed that the structure of abnormal ostentation has eight signs (fascinated by praise, fame for non-divine purpose, inconsistency of appearance and inwardness, ostentation with outward manifestations, showing good deeds to others, cheerfulness and arousal in the presence of others, boredom and laziness In loneliness and verbal boasting) and six conditions are causal. These findings have provided a suitable basis for compiling a questionnaire of this structure and designing a therapeutic intervention and its educational package.

Forming a job identity is an important task in one's career growth and realization of him/her identity. Having a definite job identity and a clear picture of goals, interests and abilities leads to appropriate job decisions making. The aim of this study was to study the process and essence of job identification of female adolescents. The present study was Grounded theory study. The participants of the study included high school girls in Khorramabad City in the academic year 2021. they were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 20 adolescents. then, the data were extracted and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin (1994) analysis. the results were identified in three main categories: self-discovery, self-growth, and job choice factors from the perspective of adolescents. By examining the experiences and evaluating the adolescents' perspectives, it seems necessary to educate the adolescents to achieve more accurate career goals and make informed decisions. Understanding adolescents' experiences, beliefs, and attitudes leads to a conscious and comprehensive understanding of their needs and wants in the field of job identity, self-knowledge, and career decision-making. Helping self-knowledge and self-discovery seems to be effective in finding a job identity and preventing psychological and social harm. School and elementary and middle school education can pave the way for self-discovery and job recognition, which accelerates the path to prosperity and success in career decision-making for adolescents.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of Covid 19 anxiety among frontline nurses based on self-efficacy, social support and organizational support.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all nurses working in Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam assigned to Covid 19 and the corona ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. According to Morgan's table, 175 nurses were available as a sample size using the sampling method. Internet methods were selected through virtual networks by distributing online questionnaire links. Simultaneous multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The instruments used in this study included coronavirus anxiety scale, self-efficacy questionnaire, social support scale and organizational support scale.

The findings showed that all three predictor variables namely self-efficacy, social support and organizational support have a negative and significant relationship with Covid anxiety 19. Therefore , the hogher the level of all three predictor variables among nurses, the lower the anxiety among them.