فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 83، تابستان 1402)

The unfortunate consequences of divorce justify the necessity of conducting research to find the most effective scientific methods for its prevention and reduction. Hence, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of schema-based (ST), emotionally focused (EFT), and acceptance and commitment-based (ACT) couple therapies on reducing the desire for divorce among couples on the verge of divorce in military families.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-post test and follow-up. From all the couples who referred to one of the counseling centers under the contract of the armed forces in 2020, 60 couples (ST, EFT, ACT, and control groups; 15 couples in each group) were selected by available sampling method with random allocation. The experimental groups participated in the treatment sessions for 10 sessions. The research tool was divorce desire questionnaire (Rusbult, Johnson, and Morrow), which was completed by the couples of all three experimental groups in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow up. Finally, data was  analysized using analysis of covariance in repeated measures designs.

The results showed that all three methods of couple therapy were significantly effective on the divorce tendency reduction. The highest level of effectiveness belonged to EFT, ST, and ACT couple therapy with the effect size of 0.976, 0.963, and 0.927, respectively.

Couple therapy interventions can be used with clinical and therapeutic interventions to decrease the desire for divorce in couples applying for divorce.

Microbial infections are one of the main causes of death in the intensive care unit (ICU) of hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of microbial infections in the ICU of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran during the years 2016 -2018.

A retrospective study was conducted on 1150 patients in the ICU of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran between 2016 and 2018. The required information was extracted from the medical records of hospitalized patients and then the data were analyzed.

Out of 1150 patients, 641 (55.7%) were men. The average length of hospitalization of patients with nosocomial infections in the ICU was 18±7.6 days. The most common cause of nosocomia infection was Klebsiella pneumonia. The highest frequency of death of patients was related to Ascentobacter. Also, other findings of the study showed that there was a significant direct relationship between the death and discharge of patients with nosocomial infections with the gender, type of organism, age, and length of hospitalization (p<0.05). The findings of the study also showed that infection was significantly associated with death (39.7%).

The findings of this study showed that the variables of gender, age, type of organism, and duration of hospitalization can be risk factors for the death of patients hospitalized in ICU. Therefore, preventive policies and control of nosocomia infections should be focused on these variables.

Todays, various methods are used to evaluate the severity of knee instability in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this study was to compare the state of brain waves related to balance, pain, and proprioception among KOA women with and without knee instability.

In this cross-sectional study, 60 female KOA patients were selected, and based on the instability index scores, were divided into two groups of 30 people with and without knee instability. Pain was evaluated with visual analogue scales (VAS), knee proprioception with angle reconstruction error and goniometer, balance with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and brain wave analysis with ProComp Infiniti device. The Fitzgerald scale was also used to assign subjects to groups with and without knee instability. Then, the two groups were compared.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of brain waves related to balance between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in knee proprioception at the target angles of 45° (both legs: p=0.0001) and 70° (right leg: p=0.003 and left leg: p=0.001). Also, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in balance scores (p=0.0001).

The evaluation of brain waves associated with balance in KOA patients cannot provide useful and practical information to identify people with knee instability. However, the sense of proprioception and balance in these people are distinct and can be factors to identify people prone to knee instability in these patients.

Physical activity can promote the mental and physical health of individuals in various ways. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the levels of physical activity, corona-induced anxiety, and anthropometric indices among active and inactive students.

This is a correlational and causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this research included all female students at Farhangian University of Mashhad, Hasheminejad Campus in the academic year of 2020-2021 (n=655), from which 247 cases were randomly chosen. Evaluation of the anxiety of corona disease, the level of physical activity related to work, sports, and leisure time, anthropometric indices related to health, and the prevalence of corona were performed.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between active and inactive students regarding corona anxiety and physical activity levels (p=0.001). Correlation results showed that there is a significant relationship between corona anxiety and physical activity level (p=0.001). The results of linear regression indicated that physical activity related to exercise is a predictor of corona anxiety (p=0.003), but occupational physical activity and leisure time cannot predict corona anxiety.

Based on these results, it can be said that, especially in special conditions such as corona epidemic, physical activity and regular exercise can alleviate the level of anxiety in people and improve their mental and physical health.

In the current situation, due to the  exposure of nurses with the corona epidemic, there is porbably too much work pressure on them, which can be a reason for the increase in job burnout among them. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of problem solving skills in the relationship between job meaning and job burnout among nurses during the corona epidemic.

This descriptive correlational study was performed using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all the nurses who were working in Imam Khomeini Abadeh and Khatam-Al-Anbiya Abarkooh hospitals during the corona epidemic in 2021-2022. From these, a sample of 220 nurses was selected using available sampling method. In order to collect data, the Work and Meaning Inventory of Stiger et al. (2012), burnout questionnaire of Yildirim and Solmaz (2020), and Basader’s (1999) problem solving questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling.

The results of the study confirmed the direct relationship between the variables of job meaning and job burnout, as well as the mediating role of problem solving skills in the relationship between job meaning and job burnout among nurses during the corona epidemic (p<0.001).

The job burnout in nurses can be reduced by increasing job meaning and improving problem-solving skills, and it leads to an increase in the quality of medical care and patient satisfaction.

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a type of neurobehavioral disorder that is often associated with anxiety disorders and harms a person's performance in many areas, including academic performance, attention and concentration, and social communication. Studies have shown the role of some computer games in improving attention, processing and classifying information. The present study investigates the effectiveness of a computer training program on the anxiety of students with ADHD.

This study had a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. A sample of 30 primary school students with ADHD was selected in Tehran (2021-2022). They were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 20 people (experimental and control groups). Both groups performed a pre-tested, and the experimental group underwent 24 sessions of 60 minutes for three months under the intervention of a computer training program, and then for further investigation and follow-up, a follow-up test was conducted three months later for the experimental and control group. The data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance.

The results showed that the computer training program had a positive effect on reducing the level of anxiety of students, and it was statistically significant (p˂0.001).

According to the data, the anxiety in the in the post-test and follow-up of the experimental group had a downward trend, and the average level of total anxiety of the experimental group has decreased compared to the control group.

Suicide is one of the risky behaviors that can lead to many negative personall and social consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on ambivalence in expressing emotion and impulsivity in people with a history of suicide.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. With the purposive sampling method, 30 people with a history of suicide referred to psychiatric centers of Sari city were selected and were divided into two experimental and control groups by simple random assignment (15 people in each group). In order to collect data, the ambivalence questionnaire and the impulsivity questionnaire were used. Subjects in the experimental group underwenr compassion-focused therapy. Data analysis was done covariance analysis method.

The scores of emotional expression ambivalence and impulsivity variables among the experimental group were respectively 111.06 and 106.13 in the pre-test, which decreased to 83.71 and 77.91 in the post-test. These scores among the control group were respectively 112.80 and 105.20 in the pre-test, and 110.18 and 103.51 in the post-test. The results of covariance analysis showed that compassion-focused therapy was significantly effective on the post-test scores of ambivalence in emotional expression and impulsivity at the level of 0.001.

Compassion-focused therapy can help to reduce emotional ambivalence and impulsivity in people with a history of suicide. Therefore, compassion-focused therapy can be used to reduce risk factors for suicide.

Various studies show that current medical education does not meet the needs of students who are going to become general practitioners. The aim of this study was to self-assess of final year medical students of a selected medical university in Tehran

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis study that was conducted in 2019 on 80 medical interns of a selected medical university. The data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire and a standard self-assessment questionnaire of interns and family physicians in the field of minimum competencies of general practitioners.

In this study, the mean age of students was 26±1.82 years. The average of the highest score of  interns related to the clinical communication skills was equal to 3.55±0.64, while the item of practical measures received the lowest score.

Medical students and interns need extensive planning to increase their clinical and non-clinical skills in order to train highly qualified physicians in all fields, and according to the principles, five-star physicians by increasing their skills in various fields of medicine.

Several reports have shown that radiotherapy treatment increases the risk of sarcoma. In this report, a 67-year-old female patient complained of chest wall pain and swelling in the previous mastectomy area. Twelve years ago, She had a history of mastectomy, after which she underwent five sessions of chemotherapy and 25 sessions of radiotherapy. In the examination, the immobile hard mass arising from the rib was evident. In the CT scan, there was involvement of three ribs in the front. The patient was a candidate for radical excision and reconstruction with Prolene mesh and was discharged three days after surgery with a good general condition. The final pathology of undifferentiated liposarcoma was reported as grade III. Awareness of the possibility of sarcoma caused by ionizing radiation along with long-term follow-up of patients treated with radiotherapy can lead to early diagnosis of these patients.