مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 187، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1402)

Corneal epithelial cells are destroyed naturally and the limbal stem cells replace them by multiplying and differentiating. In case of defects in these cells, it is impossible to replace them, and in many cases, the patients lose their vision. One of the newest methods of treating limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is to cultivate them in the laboratory and transfer them to the patient's eye. For this purpose, in this study, we aimed to culture limbal stem cells in vitro and optimized the culture quality. First, the limbus region of the donated eye samples was separated. Then the separated parts were cultured on the amniotic membrane by the explant method. The presence and proliferation of limbal stem cells were investigated by immunofluorescent method and antibody against ΔNP63α and ABCG2 markers on the 10th, 14th, and 21st days. Also, by using the flow cytometry method and antibody against ΔNP63α marker, the percentage of limbal cells on the best day of their culture based on immunofluorescent results was determined.Findings showed that limbal stem cells could be cultured properly in vitro. All immunofluorescent assays confirmed limbal stem cell attendance, however, the result of day 14th of culture was more considerable. Therefore, the flow cytometry assay was performed on the 14th day and proved that there were 5.8% limbal stem cells using explant culture.The results indicated the successful cultivation of limbal cells in laboratory conditions, but for their clinical application, further optimization of cultivation is required.

Present study was carried out evaluating the level of job satisfaction and related factors among female staffs of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The job descriptive index (JDI) questionnaire was used. Some questions about demographic and work properties were also added at the beginning of the questionnaire.

Totally 1106 participants with an average age of 39.62±7.56 years were enrolled. The average work experience and working hours per week were 13.45±7.38 years and 41.19±10.67 hours, respectively. Regarding the level of education, bachelor's and master's were the most common with 817 participants (73.9%) and employees were the most frequent staffs (723 participant, 65.4%).  About 890 participants (80.5%) had an income between 30 and 60 million Rials. One hundred sixty five participants (14.91%) worked in the night shift and 598 participants (54.1%) were working in the official departments. The average score of JDI questionnaire was 212.21±45.05. Job satisfaction was higher in clinical faculty members, participants aged more than 45 years, participants with more than 20 years of work experience, participants working in the official departments, participants who did not work in night shifts, and participants with an income of more than 90 million Rials.

The highest level of job satisfaction was reported by clinical science faculty members. Age, work experience, higher income and faculty rank directly and having night shift, work in medical wards and more hours of work per week inversely affect the score of Job satisfaction.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by respiratory symptoms, variable airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. In the current research, the role of exercise and antioxidant supplements in asthma has been discussed.

Using several databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Pupmed, Scopus and using the titles of asthma and the names of their types and related names for the keywords of asthma until the end of 2021, a search was made.

Focusing on the effects of exercise training and the role of antioxidant supplements that have been used in various studies, it can be said that many studies on exercise conditioning in patients with asthma include different methods and outcome measures, the vast majority Studies show the potential of safe exercise for people with asthma. There are several proposed pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the effects of reduced activity on lung function in patients with asthma. In addition to the usual management guidelines, physicians should recommend exercise activities, especially regular aerobic and breathing exercises, to patients with asthma for general health benefits and possible improvement of asthma symptoms. Also, the lungs of asthmatic patients are exposed to oxidative stress due to the production of active oxygen and nitrogen species. Oxidative stress may also cause inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in increased apoptosis, loss of airway epithelial cells, and airway remodeling. For this reason, it is necessary to cover this deficiency in these patients.

Sarcopenia Syndrome is a situation that characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The aim of study is to investigate the effect of physical activity on preventing and control the progression of Sarcopenia.

This study is a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement and were implemented systematically an electronic search in Iran Medex, SID, Magiran databases, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, and Science Direct in both Persian and English language from January 2013 to April 2020. The key words “Physical activity” and “Sarcopenia” were searched in both languages.

The results of studies conducted in Brazil showed there was significant different in the prevalence of sarcopenia between men and women (p = 0.029), so that prevalence of sarcopenia in men was 15.3% vs prevalence sarcopenia in women is 5.9%. A Korean study found that the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was significantly lower among those who were active. Men who had higher physical activity levels were less likely to develop sarcopenia (p <0.001). Higher levels of physical activity have been associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia.The results of a study in Spain showed that there is a significant relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity, so that people with sedentary behavior (SB) are more likely to sarcopenia (p <0.001).

Findings show that physical activity helps maintain or improve muscle mass in the elderly.

this anesthesia method is associated with side effects such as nausea, vomiting and itching; Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of different doses of intrathecal fentanyl on the quality and quantity of pain-free time in cesarean section of multiparous mothers.This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 pregnant women who volunteered for multiple elective caesarean section with spinal anesthesia. In this study, subjects were randomly divided into two treatment groups (bupivacaine and fentanyl (with doses of 15 and 25 micrograms)) and were finally analyzed by SPSS version 26 statistical software.The maximum level of sensory block in the 25 micrograms fentanyl group was significantly higher than the 15 micrograms fentanyl group. The maximum recovery time of motor block in the 15 micrograms fentanyl group was significantly higher than the 25 micrograms fentanyl group. The complication of vomiting in the 15 micrograms group was significantly higher than the 25 micrograms group, however, the onset time of sensory block, the maximum degree of sensory block, the quality of anesthesia during surgery, the duration of surgery, the patient's vital signs during surgery, and anesthesia complications such as itching and nausea had no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups.it can be stated that the treatment with bupivacaine and fentanyl (with doses of 15 and 25 micrograms) did not have a statistically significant difference in anesthesia indicators and anesthesia complications (except the maximum level of sensory block, maximum recovery time and vomiting complication)

The review of the researches shows the existence of the problem of location of health control and adherence to the treatment of type II diabetes patients. The aim of this study was the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the place of health control and adherence to treatment in people with type II diabetes.

This research was an applied and quasi-experimental research using pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population in this study is all people with a diagnosis of type II diabetes referred to Imam Hossein Clinic in Sari who according to the diagnosis of an endocrinologist have type II diabetes. From the mentioned community, during a public call (Imam Hossein Clinic located in Sari), people who were eligible to participate in the research were called; Individuals wishing to participate in the study were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the control and control groups. The equivalent of 15 people in each group was estimated. The research instruments included the Multistage Scale of the Wallston et al Health Control Center (1978) and the General Compliance Scale (GAS) of Madanlo et al. (2013). Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results of data analysis showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in improving internal and external control and adherence to treatment (P <0.01).

To improve mental and physical health in patients with diabetes, it is recommended to use acceptance and commitment based therapy.

 This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological capital and cognitive regulation of emotion in people with peptic ulcer.

 The research method was semi-experimental and the statistical population in this research included all people with peptic ulcer referred to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, and also the sample size of the research was considered to be 30 people. The data collection tools in this research are Lutans (2007) psychological capital questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski,2007). In order to analyze the data, the covariance analysis method was used.

The results of data analysis showed that the psychological capital and cognitive regulation of emotion in peptic ulcer patients, who underwent cognitive behavioral therapy, was significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.05).

 These results show the significant effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological capital and cognitive regulation of emotion in people with peptic ulcer.

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium that is usually found in the stomach. The presence of this bacteria in the stomach can lead to gastritis and decrease gastric acid production. Also, studies have reported the relationship between this infection and gastric cancer. Early diagnosis of infection with this bacterium is crucial in its treatment. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of anti-H. pylori antibodies in infected and non-infected patients.

A total of 85 patients with symptoms including 46 Hp+ and 39 Hp- samples were included in the study. Finally, the serum level of IgG and IgA antibodies was measured using an ELISA kit (Roche - Germany).

The average age of the studied subjects was 43.83 ± 13.41 and 41.28 ± 12.65 in the Hp+ and Hp- groups, respectively. The Hp+ group included 17 females and 29 males; the Hp- group included 22 females and 17 males. No significant relationship between age and gender was observed in the two groups. Data analysis found that IgG and IgA levels were significantly increased in people with H. pylori infection compared to Hp- people (p<0.001). Also, the results showed no significant relationship between the level of antibodies and the gender of thepeople.

According to the results obtained from this research, H. pylori infection can occur at any age and gender. Considering the high prevalence of this disease and the economic and time costs, it seems necessary to conduct more studies on itand its causes.

The aim of this research was to investigate the changes of some growth factors following twelve weeks of combined exercises with and without blood flow restriction in young women.

The statistical population of this research was the inactive young women of Mashhad. Among them, 45 people were randomly divided into three groups of combined exercise + with blood flow restriction (15 people), combined exercise group + without blood flow restriction (15 people) and control group (15 people). The current research methodology was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The combined training group did three resistance and aerobic training sessions per week. These exercises were done on consecutive days. The combined training group with blood flow restriction performed resistance training by closing the cuff and training intensity 20% of one maximum repetition at the beginning of the training and aerobic exercise with 45% maximum heart rate, and the combined training group without blood flow restriction, only resistance training with 80% 1RM and training They did aerobic exercise with 45% HRmax. The data were analyzed using t-correlated test, one-way analysis of variance test and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of P≥0.05 and SPSS software version 21.

Statistical results show that twelve weeks of combined exercises with blood flow restriction and without blood flow restriction increases the levels of insulin-like factor 1, follistatin, platelet-derived factor and decreases myostatin in young women.

combined exercises with blood flow restriction can improve the physical condition and improve the physiological conditions of young women by making some changes affecting the growth factors.

The aim of the research was to develop a developmental assessment scale of developmental abilities in the fields of cognition and literacy, an approach to learning, physical-motor, social-behavioral-emotional in children 1-2 years old and to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the list in children 1-2 years old in Tehran. The statistical population included all children aged 1-2 and their parents in Tehran. The sample size included 500 children aged 1-2 years; 100 children were considered for each area. The data collection tool is a researcher-made tool that uses the developmental standards of several American states, such as the developmental standards of Washington (2012), the developmental standards of Nebraska (2018), and studies conducted in Iran. The results showed that the difficulty coefficient shows the moderate to high ease of the questions. Also, the findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the cognition scale and the subscales of logic, arithmetic, science and studies, between the physical-motor scale and the subscales of gross motor skills and motor skills, the language and literacy scale with the subscales of perceptive or receptive language. Expressive language, reading and writing, and between the emotional-behavioral-social scale with the subscales of self-concept, self-regulation and other scales, which shows the construct validity of the scale (of internal consistency). The results of alpha coefficient and retest indicated the reliability or validity of the scale; Therefore, according to the appropriate psychometric properties, this scale can be used in research.

Pseudo-psychology is a non-scientific approach to psychology and clinical psychology that is adopted by quacks. The current study aimed to investigate the harms related to Pseudo-psychology from the point of view of clients in Iran.

The present research method was qualitative and descriptive phenomenology. For this, 20 male and female references who were victims of false psychology have been studied by conducting in-depth interviews. Simultaneously with the data collection, audio implementation, text rereading, identifying important and relevant items, coding and categorizing and presenting the findings were done with MAXQDA software.

The findings showed that Pseudo-psychology damages are multifaceted and include emotional harms, financial damages, unprincipled intervention, stigma, and ethical damages. By highlighting the significant harms associated with pseudo-psychology in Iran, this study emphasizes the urgent need to increase the regulation and supervision of pseudo-psychology to prevent harm at the level of public health.

The implications of this study extend to policymakers, mental health professionals, and the general population, highlighting the importance of evidence-based psychological interventions. Future research should examine the effectiveness of regulatory measures to prevent the spread of pseudo-psychology and protect public mental health.

Comparison of different psychology approaches in order to be more effective is one of the researches that researchers are interested in; In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the effectiveness of the education approach based on acceptance and commitment and the emotion-oriented cognitive therapy approach on the level of perception of fairness and self-compassion in conflicted couples.

In this research, a single-case experimental design and a clinical trial type were used. The statistical population included all men and women with marital conflict in Hamadan city. By using the available non-random sampling method, 45 conflicting couples (90 people) were selected from the studied statistical community and were randomly replaced in two experimental groups and one control group. In order to collect data, Paliri et al.'s fairness perception scale (2009) and Spiner's self-compassion scale (1976) were used. Clinical significance method was used for data analysis.

The analysis of the findings shows the greater effectiveness of the approach based on acceptance and commitment on increasing the recovery of the spouse's perception of fairness in Magasieh with emotion-oriented cognitive therapy. Also, a significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the approach based on acceptance and commitment and emotion-oriented cognitive therapy on self-compassion in the conflicted couples of Hamedan city.

It seems that the effectiveness of the education approach based on acceptance and commitment on the level of perception of fairness and self-compassion in conflicted couples is more than the emotion-oriented cognitive therapy approach.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based de-stressing group therapy and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy on reducing occupational stress and occupational procrastination.

This research was applied and its method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of all the personnel of Shahid Hasheminejad Gas Refinery in 1400 was 553 people. By using the purposeful sampling method and based on the entry and exit criteria, 45 people were selected as a sample and randomly replaced in three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) (15 people in the experimental group of stress relief treatment based on on mind-awareness, 15 people in the experimental group of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy and 15 people in the control group). The stress reduction intervention program based on mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy (each) was presented to the subjects of two experimental groups (one mindfulness group and the other hypnotherapy group) in eight 90-minute sessions. The data collection tool was Esipo's occupational stress questionnaire (1998) and Safarinia and Amirkhani Razlighi's occupational procrastination questionnaire (2013). In order to analyze the data at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, the statistical test of covariance was used in SPSS software.

The comparison of means showed that the mindfulness-based stress-relief group treatment method had a significant difference in reducing occupational stress and occupational procrastination with the control group (P<0.01). Comparing the average scores of the cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy group with the control group, a significant difference was observed in reducing occupational stress and occupational procrastination (P<0.01).

In general, the results indicated that stress relief treatments based on mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy both significantly reduced occupational stress and occupational procrastination in the intervention groups. However, there was no significant difference between these two treatments in reducing occupational stress and occupational procrastination, but mindfulness-based de-stressing group therapy was more effective than cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy.

The purpose of this research was to provide a quality model of nurses' care in relation to the perceived vulnerability during the outbreak of covid-19 with the mediating role of resilience and professionalism.

The method of the current research was a descriptive, exploratory, analytical type. The statistical population of this research included all the nurses of the public hospitals of Mashhad in 1401, which was selected using Morgan's table, a sample size of 400 people, and the questionnaires were completed by the available sampling method through the distribution of the questionnaire link in the virtual space. The research tool was a multi-part questionnaire including the nursing work environment (PESNWI), perceived vulnerability to covid-19 questionnaire (PVC), resilience short form (BRS) and professionalism questionnaire (MSSAPS). Data were analyzed using path analysis and Spss26 and Amos24 software.

The findings of the path analysis showed that for the hypothetical model, all the indicators indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The direct paths from perceived vulnerability to negative resilience were significant and the direct path from professionalism to quality of care was positive and significant. The indirect effect of perceived vulnerability on the quality of care with the mediation of resilience and professionalism was not significant (p>0.05).

It can be said that the perceived vulnerability of nurses has a negative effect on their resilience, and professionalism played an effective role in the quality of care of nurses during the outbreak of Covid-19.

Maintaining and enhancing the quality of service and medical care is effective in achieving patient satisfaction. Nurses, as one of the most important health care providers, play an important role in patient satisfaction.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Hasheminejad hospital of Mashhad during 2019-2020. Data were collected from a questionnaire whose validity and reliability (R = 0.87) were confirmed, and analyzed by SPSS 20 software. The significance level of the tests was considered less than 0.05.

This study was performed on 91 women admitted to the maternity ward, 51.6% of the subjects were in the age range of 21-30 years, 33% had 25.3% primary education, and 27.5% had high school diploma. 46.2% of patients had average economic level and 78% had insurance. 67% lived in the town; patient’s satisfaction score based on questionnaires was 66.11± 19.30.

Considering the extent to which patient satisfaction with nurses leads to trust in the process of treatment and community health system and the process of patient improvement in the psychological dimension and ultimately affecting organizational productivity, it is advisable to improve programs and patient satisfaction with nurses' performance and services.

Comparing treatment approaches in psychology for more effectiveness in less time is one of the topics of interest to researchers, therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy and schema therapy on Alexithymia in students with a history of suicide.

The method of semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group included a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research consisted of all high school students of Shirvan city and suburbs who committed suicide in 1400. Using available sampling method, 45 people were randomly selected and divided into three groups(two experimental groups of schema therapy and cmindfulness-based therapy and the control group). The data collection tool was the Toronto Emotional Dyslexia Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS.21 software and descriptive statistics and variance analysis of multivariate repeated measures.

The results indicated the effectiveness of two interventions on alexithymia, but according to the differences in the mean scores in different stages of measurement in the groups, mindfulness-based therapy is more effective than schema therapy in improving the alexithymia of students with a history of suicide (P≥0.001).

According to the findings, it is recommended to use a combination of both treatment methods and especially mindfulness-based treatment to improve mental health and reduce emotional dysregulation in students with a history of suicide attempts.

Most Escherichia coli are not pathogenic. But some strains of E. Coli become pathogenic by acquiring and synthesizing diverse virulence genes. Iron, as an essential nutrient, has a proven role in the pathogenicity of E. coli. One of the most common strategies of microorganisms in the presence of free iron is the production of siderophores. Siderophores act as extracellular agents for the absorption of iron from minerals or organic compounds in the absence of iron. The Purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the genes encoding iron absorption systems in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates isolated from diarrhea specimens.

In this study, three panels were designed. Panel 1: iroN, iutA, fecA, Panel 2: fyuA, sitA, irp2 and Panel 3: iucD. In panels 1 and 2, Triplex-PCR method and panel 3, single-PCR method were used and 44 EAEC isolates isolated from diarrhea samples were screened by these three panels.

The results showed that a total of 44 EAEC isolates had respectively the highest frequency of fecA 44(100%), fyuA 43(97.73%), irp2 43(97.73%), iutA 42(95.45%), iucD 34(77.27%), sitA 29(65.91%) and iroN 4(9.09%). and 7 gene profiles encoding different iron absorption systems were identified.

The results showed that EAEC isolates have the ability to produce synthesize a variety of siderophores and use the variety of profiles of different iron absorption systems to obtain the required iron.

A review of research shows that the elderly usually experiences more health anxiety, loneliness, and death anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of existential therapy on health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly.

This research is an applied and quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a follow-up period with a control group. From the statistical population of the elderly living in nursing homes in Tehran in 1400, 30 samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental groups and control group. Thus, first the health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety tests were performed for both groups, then the existential treatment plan was performed for the experimental group, but no intervention was applied for the control group. Finally, the post-test and follow-up test were performed. Both groups performed. Findings were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that the mean scores of post-test and follow-up test of health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the experimental group decreased and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that painting therapy intervention reduced anxiety. Health, loneliness and death anxiety of the elderly are effective (p <0.001).

Considering the effectiveness of existential therapy, the necessity of using existential therapy on psychological and emotional problems of the elderly, especially reducing health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety is essential.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of educational program based on academic well-being on students' academic vitality.

In terms of methodology, the current research is part of the semi-experimental designs of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all the female students of the third year of the second period of secondary school in Sanandaj, studying in the academic year of 1998-99. From this population, using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, first one school and then 40 students of that school who had low academic vitality were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 20 experimental and alternative control. became The experimental group was taught 10 sessions of 90 minutes program based on academic well-being. The members of both groups completed the pre-test, post-test and follow-up questionnaires of Dehghanizadeh and Hossein-Chari. The data were also analyzed by mixed variance analysis.

The findings showed that the average scores of the academic vitality variable in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly in the post-test and follow-up phase.

Therefore, the educational program based on academic well-being has been effective on the academic vitality of students.

 The covid-19 disease is one of the types of viral diseases that are asymptomatic in about 81% of cases or have mild to moderate symptoms, and cause severe symptoms in about 14%. Identifying the cases that have a higher chance of contracting the severe form of the disease at the first level of providing services in order to provide appropriate and timely care is of great importance, so this study aims to investigate the role of background diseases and demographic characteristics of people in the occurrence of severe form of covid using Logistic regression prediction model has been done

 In a historical cohort study, all patients with definite covid (positive PCR test) who have electronic health records in comprehensive health service centers of Mashhad were included in the study. Variables related to demographic characteristics and history of background diseases as predictor variables and severity of covid disease as a two-status variable as a dependent variable were analyzed by logistic regression. The final model was validated by evaluating the diagnosis index and calibration index

 Out of 30,364 patients with covid who were covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from the beginning of the pandemic until the end of January 1400, 1,664 were hospitalized and 269 died 64 people were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Among the demographic variables, age above 60 (OR: 2.86(, BMI (OR: 1.35) ), and among the background disease history of people, chronic kidney disease (OR:8.23), respiratory disease (OR: 5.51.), cardiovascular disease (OR: 5.29), diabetes (OR: 2.03) and hypertension (OR: 0.91) remained in the severe form of covid prediction model. The final model was suitable for predicting the severe form of the disease (hospitalization or death) with the area under the curve (AUC), 0.75.

 The results of this study can effectively help health workers in identifying people who have a higher chance of suffering from a severe form of the disease.