نشریه دانش کشاورزی و تولید پایدار
سال سی و سوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

Fertilizer management and irrigation are important factors in camellia cultivation at water deficit stress condition. The purpose of this experiment is to obtain the best fertilizer composition for increase yield, forage quality, and fatty acid of camellia seed at different irrigation levels for sustainable agriculture.

This 2-years experiment were performed in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 as a split-plot based on RCBD with four replications. The main plots included: rainfed, once irrigation, and twice irrigation. The sub-plots included: chemical fertilizers, bio-organic and control (without fertilizer). In this experiment, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage and camellia seeds and the amount of fatty acids of camellina seed were determined.

The application of bio-organic and chemical fertilizers significantly increased dry matter digestibility, crude fat, and forage ash. The highest yield of dry forage (2122.4 and 2018.5 kg ha-1) was obtained from chemical fertilizer and bio-organic treatments respectively, and the highest grain yield (2018.9 kg ha-1) was obtained from twice irrigation treatments and the use of chemical fertilizer. The use of bio-organic fertilizers increased camelina yield by 25.49% in rainfed conditions. Bio-organic fertilizers at all levels of irrigation had the greatest effect on palmitic acid, stearic acid, eicosadienoic acid compared to the chemical fertilizers.

Although use of chemical fertilizers under twice irrigation showed the highest effect on camellina traits, but use of bio-organic fertilizers under rainfed or low irrigation conditions can be recommended due to a significant increase in grain yield, forage quality and fatty acid composition.

This experiment was performed as factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor included of the application of chemical and farmyard fertilizers in four levels of control, 100 % chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% of farmyard manure and 100% farmyard manure (30 tons per hectare). The highest plant height, inflorescence length and dry matter yield were obtained with application of 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% farmyard manure, the highest number and weight of flowering lateral stems with 100% application of farmyard manure and the highest number of lateral stems, main stem diameter and plant dry weight by applying 100% chemical fertilizer. The number of lateral and flowering stems per plant, 1000-grain weight and dry matter yield were significantly increased under Super nitro plus or Humica application compared to the control. The highest percentage of essential oil was obtained in the treatments of 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% manure without Humica and Super nitro plus (0.77%), 100% farmyard manure + Humica (0.72%) and 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% farmyard manure with the application of Humica (0.69%), with no significant difference each other, respectively. The highest essential oil yield was obtained in 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% animal manure with application of Humica (1.83 g.m-2), application of 100% farmyard manure with application of Humica (1.79 g.m-2) and 50% chemical fertilizer + 50 % of farmyard manure without Humica and Super nitro plus (1.74 g.m-2).

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers application on quantity and quality essential oil of coriander.

The experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with twelve treatments and three replications in Tehran of Iran in 2019. The treatments were 1- vermicompost (10 t/ha), 2- nitroxin, 3- bio-superphosphate, 4- biosulfur, 5- vermicompost + nitroxin, 6- vermicompost + bio-superphosphate, 7- vermicompost + biosulfur, 8- nitroxin + bio-superphosphate, 9- nitroxin + biosulfur, 10- bio-superphosphate + biosulfur, 11- chemical fertilizer and 12- control (without fertilizer).

The results showed that treatments had significant effects on studied traits, as the highest herb dry yield (3833.3 kg.ha-1) in integrated treatment of 10 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin, the highest seed yield (1297.5 kg.ha-1) and linalool content in essential oil (89.53%) in integrated treatment of nitroxin and bio-superphosphate and the highest essential oil content (0.32%) and essential oil yield (2.89 kg.ha-1) in treatment of nitroxin were obtained. Also, the highest gamma terpinene content in essential oil (5.29%) in treatment of bio-superphosphate and the highest geranyl acetate content (8.69%) and dodecenal content (4.94%) in essential oil in treatment of chemical fertilizer were obtained.

In general, results of this study showed, bio and organic fertilizers application had a considerable role in increasing of yield and quantity and quality essential oil of coriander.

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components and some physiological characteristics of four wheat cultivars.

The experiment was carried out in double split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Isfahan University of Technology. Experimental factors include two irrigation regimes (irrigation 100 and 50% of plant water requirement for normal and drought stress, respectively), two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (soil content and use of 150 kg urea per hectare) and wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Bahar, Sepahan and Star).

Drought stress decreased grain and biomass yield by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and leaf relative water content as well as increasing the amount of ion leakage. The use of nitrogen under normal irrigation conditions increased grain and biomass yield, but under drought stress conditions increased biomass and decreased grain yield. Pishtaz cultivar had the highest grain yield (4710 kg / ha), and Star cultivar had the highest amount of biomass (11639 kg / ha). Also, the highest grain and biomass yield were observed in normal irrigation and nitrogen treatment.

The use of nitrogen to increase yield depends on the amount of water available to the plant, and under drought stress conditions, the use of nitrogen is not only a good way to reduce the impact of water stress and yield, but also intensify stress and reduce grain yield of studied wheat cultivars.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of planting date(13 May,10 June And 8 July) and corn cultivars(KSC400,KSC647 And KSC 704) on the yield and yield components in Karaj. An experiment was conducted as a split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in the research farm of the University of Tehran. The results showed that the highest yield belonged to the second planting date (11.98 t.ha-1), the third planting date (11.56 t.ha-1), the first planting date (11.18 t.ha-1), respectively. The results revealed that in the first and third planting dates, corn grain yield was decreased due to the occurrence of the high daily temperatures in the reproductive stage. Furthermore, a coincidence of the decreasing temperatures with the grain filling period in autumn led to corn grain yield reduction. Due to the appropriateness of the reproductive stages in the second planting date, the length of seed abortion was decreased and the length and size of the ear, the weight of the ear, the number of seeds per ear, and grain yield were increased. The results revealed that the 400 cultivar (10.25 t.ha-1) in July, 647 (12.35 t.ha-1) in May and 704 (13.77 t.ha-1) in June had the highest yields in the study area. In addition, to reduce the frequency of irrigation and save water, it is recommended to cultivate medium and early maturing varieties of corn on 13 May and 8 July sowing dates, respectively.

The effect of biochar and cultivation pattern on essential oil yield and nutrient content of thyme under different local irrigation methods were the most important objectives of this study.

This experiment was performed as a factorial split based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during the two crop years of 1397-1396 and 1398-1397 in the farm of Karaj Branch of Azad University. Irrigation at three levels (irrigation of all furrows, irrigation of furrows as one-intermediate and one intermittent variable), as the main factor and biochar at two levels (no use and application of biochar), and planting pattern (one-row and two-row cultivation on the ridge) as Sub-factors were considered.

The percentage of essential oil and its yield increased significantly under water stress conditions. The highest essential oil yield with 22.14 kg.ha-1 was obtained in the treatment of furrow irrigation as a constant intermediate + application of biochar + cultivation of two rows of thyme. Furrow irrigation treatments, both fixed and variable, increased the yield of essential oil by significantly increasing the percentage of essential oil. Biochar also had a significant effect on all studied traits. Water stress reduced the levels of calcium, magnesium, and iron,

Due to the positive effects of biochar in improving organic matter, physical and chemical properties as well as the availability of soil nutrients, less irrigation through constant one-intermediate furrows irrigation and application of 8 tons per hectare of biochar.

The aims of this study was to investigate the radiation and nitrogen use efficiency at different irrigation regime and nitrogen rate in Ilam climatic condition.

The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Agronomy Research Farm of Ilam University. The experimental factors included 3 irrigation regime (100, 80, and 60 percent of field capacity) and nitrogen rate at three levels (0, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1).

The highest grain and biological yield were obtained with 5275 and 17209 kg/ha in I100 N150 treatment, respectively. Radiation use efficiency of Maize was affected by irrigation regime and nitrogen rate. Radiation use efficiency was in the range of 1.97 (I60N0 treatment) to 2.66 g/MJ (I100 N150 treatment). The highest and lowest of radiation absorbed were obtained in I100 N150 and I60N0 respectively. The highest of nitrogen use efficiency of agronomic (47.5 kg/kg) and uptake (1.6 kg/kg) were observed in I100N0 treatment and the highest of nitrogen use efficiency of physiologic was obtained I80N0. Nitrogen uptake in harvested biomass increased with additional N fertilizer application. The nitrogen uptake increased from ∼65 kg/ha at I60N0 treatment to ∼280 kg/ha for I100N150 treatments.

In this study, an inverse relationship was observed between radiation use efficiency and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency. The results of the experiment showed that the application of higher nitrogen rate was not the appropriate strategy for compensating for the reduced grain yield under low irrigation.

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of selenium application on yield, yield components and oil yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under water deficit irrigation conditions as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Mahalat province, Arak, Iran during 2013-2014 crop season. The main factor included complete irrigation during growing season, cutting irrigation at flowering stage and cutting irrigation at head forming stage. Sub factor was considered application of selenium (including 0, 20 and 40 k/ha) and safflower cultivars (Sina and Mahaly Esfahan). The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, yield and yield components and oil yield of safflower cultivars decreased under water stress treatments. Discontinuation of irrigation in the pollination stage led to the greatest reduction in grain yield and oil yield by 31.6% and 39.7% compared to full irrigation, respectively. The highest grain yield, biological yield and oil yield with average of 3987, 9514 and 609 k/ha by application of 40 g/ha selenium and complete irrigation obtain, respectively. Application of selenium in discontinuation of irrigation regimes due to decrease negative effect of water stress on yield components, grain yield, biological yield and oil yield. The Mahaly Esfahan cultivar had the highest number capitulum per plant, number grain per capitulum, grain yield, biological yield and oil yield. In general, 40 g/ha application of Mahaly Esfahan safflower cultivar with selenium not only can decrease water stress effect but also increase grain yield and oil yield under optimum conditions.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nanofertilizers on some morphological, yield and harvest characteristics of chickpea and also to introduce the best fertilizer treatment. The experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2019-2020 in farm conditions was conducted at the Jihad Agricultural Service Center in Barzand, Germi city, Ardabil province. Experimental treatments included T1: foliar application with 17% nitrogen nanofertilizer, T2: foliar application with 17% phosphorus nanofertilizer, T3: foliar application with 27% potassium chelate nanofertilizer and T4: control treatments. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of experimental treatments on plant height, number of sub-branches, fresh and dry weight of plant, number of nodes per root, dry weight of root node, number of pods, number of seeds, Seed weight, 100-seed weight, grain yield and harvest index were significant. In most of the studied traits, the highest amount of studied traits was obtained under foliar application of nitrogen and phosphorus nanofertilizers, which increased grain yield by 47.81% and 53.29%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The highest harvest index was obtained by foliar application of phosphorus nanofertilizer, which increased this trait by 22.93% compared to the control treatment, which were common in a group with nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus nanofertilizers increased the studied traits compared to the control treatment, so it is recommended to use these nanofertilizers in these areas and areas with similar climates.

Rhizospheric growth-promoting-bacteria isolated from wild plants are introduced as biofilm forming PGPR. Due to their mode of action they behave as winner in plant root colonization process in the soil. Because of such advantage they are good candidates for the efficient inoculum production industries.

This experiment was performed under controlled conditions by inoculation of wheat seeds with nine biofilm forming growth promoting bacteria in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the growth characteristics of wheat were investigated under non-stress conditions.

The bacterial biofilm forming on wheat root was verified under confocal microscopic imaging. From the structural point of view, the diverse biofilms were detected among the bacteria. Total dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, total shoot fresh weight, stem fresh weight and spike fresh weight, second leaf chlorophyll content, and wheat height were affected by the bacterial inoculation. Bacillus toyonensis 18-2 and Bacillus zhangzhouensis 23-3 were able to increase the total dry weight by 15% and 12%, respectively; compared to control treatment.

The biofilm formation by PGPR isolated from non-crops on the surface of wheat root showed that these bacteria have the ability to utilize wheat root secretions and settle in its rhizosphere. Due to the positive effect of the bacteria on wheat growth, the rhizosphere of non-crop plants can be considered as a suitable source for the isolation of new PGPR. The above mentioned two bacteria can be used as a potential candidate for the future experiments.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the chlorophyll, grain yield and yield components of pinto beans in different intercropping pattern with madder during three years of growth of madder.

The research was carried out during 2018-2020 in the research farm of Jihad Keshavarzi in Varzeghan city. The experimental design was randomized complete block in three replications. Treatments were six cropping patterns included bean and madder pure cropping,4 intercropping pattern of madder and bean as 1:2,2:2,2:4 and3:4, respectively.

Analysis of variance showed that the year and pattern of intercropping had a significant effect on the grain yield and yield components of bean. The results of comparing the means showed that the highest height of the bean plant (63.6 cm) leaf chlorophyll index (42) and grain yield (2806.7 kg/ha) were observed in first growing season. The highest height of bean plant (63.7 cm) , leaf chlorophyll index (43.7) and grain yield (2918.6 kg/ha) were obtained in the two row cultivation pattern of maddder with two rows of beans, which had significant difference with other patterns. The harvest index was not significantly different between the cropping patterns.

The mixed cropping of 2:2 had the highest grain yield in the first growing year,of madder which can be recommended to farmers in sustainable production systems.

Due to the water limitation in Iran and the widespread use of maize in human and animal feeding, this research was carried out to evaluate the effects of different salicylic acid levels on some morphological traits and grain yield of this crop under drought stress during reproductive stages. A field experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2020 to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 mM) on morphological traits, grain yield and yield components of maize under normal irrigation and irrigation disruptions at reproductive stages. Irrigation and SA levels were assigned to the main and sub plots, respectively. The results revealed that irrigation disruptions from initial flowering up to maturity caused a significant decrease in the mean plant height, ear length, grains per ear and plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, plant biomass and harvest index. Foliar spray of salicylic acid, especially with 3 mM concentration increased most of these traits as well as 1000-grain weight, leading to an improvement in grain yield per unit area. The 1000-grain weight, harvest index, plant biomass, ear length, grains per plant and ear had the highest positive correlation with grain yield of maize. Water supply during grain filling stage is necessary to obtain a higher yield in maize. Foliar application of 3 mM salicylic acid was the superior treatment for increasing maize yield under normal and limited irrigation conditions.

The aim of this research was improvement of dryland farms production by selecting of cultivars and suitable seed density of dryland barley cultivars under entezar conditions of cold regions.

An experiment was carried out during 2019-2020 in North Khorasan province in the form of split plots in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Dryland spring and winter barley cultivars were evaluated as main plot and five densities of 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 seeds per square meter were evaluated as sub-plots.

Spring cultivars showed better matching for entezar conditions. The results showed that in the first year, despite the superiority of grain yield of spring cultivars, this difference was not significant, but in the second year, spring Mahoor cultivar with 2393 kg / ha showed the highest and Artan winter barley with 1810 kg / ha showed the lowest grain yield, which indicated superiority of 32.2% in grain yield of Mahoor compared to Artan. Higher seed densities (250, 300 and 350 seeds/m2) showed maximum grain yield and were significantly superior to lower seed densities (150 and 200 seeds/m2).

According to the results, for entezar cultivation in cold area, spring barley cultivars such as Khorram, Behdan and Mahoor are suitable however, facultative Nader cultivar also had acceptable grain yield in these conditions and can replace spring cultivars if necessary to escape severe cold damage. Desirable seed density of barley cultivars for sowing in dryland entezar conditions will be 250-350 seeds/m2.

Ecological footprint is used as an indicator to assess the use of natural resources or natural capital; The higher the amount, the greater the utilization of resources to meet human needs and the disposal of waste produced by them. The purpose of this study is to estimate the technical efficiency of Iran economy using ecological footprint.

For this purpose, data related to inputs (ecological footprint and population) and output (GDP) for the period 1961-2017 were collected and analyzed using data envelopment analysis.

The results show that there is an ecological deficit in the years before 1980 and an ecological surplus in the years after 1980. The average technical efficiency in the period of ecological deficit and surplus and for the whole period were 0.97, 0.65 and 0.75, respectively. There is also a statistically significant difference between technical efficiency in the period of ecological deficit and surplus. Suggestions: It is recommended that appropriate policies be adopted and implemented to reduce the ecological footprint and increase the biological capacity so that the ratio of the ecological footprint to the biocapacity decreases over time and the economy becomes sustainable. It is also suggested that either the population be reduced or that the knowledge and awareness of population about the consumption and use of natural capital be increased, in order to reduce the consumption of natural capital. Also,, it is suggested that the use of renewable sources replace non-renewable sources and that renewable sources be used efficiently.

After wheat, rice has the most important role in human nutrition. Despite the vital importance of its cultivation, high water consumption and water shortage crisis, the sustainability of the cultivation of this grain has faced many problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the water footprint and water use efficiency of rice among the provinces in order to move towards crop sustainability.

Methods & Materials: 

In this study, water footprint index was used to calculate water use efficiency in rice production. For this purpose, first the water footprint components for the provinces of the country were calculated and then the water use efficiency was calculated.

The results of calculating water footprint showed that the lowest water footprint is related to Mazandaran and Gilan provinces and the highest water footprint is related to South Khorasan and Sistan & Baluchestan provinces. Also, the highest and lowest amount of green water footprint is related to Gilan and South Khorasan province, respectively. The results of water use efficiency calculation showed that Mazandaran (0.511) and Gilan (0.422) had the highest efficiency and South Khorasan (0.135) and Sistan & Baluchestan (0.171) had the lowest efficiency.

By comparing the water footprint components among the provinces of the country, it is cleared that the ratio of blue, green and grey water footprint in total water footprint is 45-53%, 6-25% and 0-15%, respectively. Also, the total water footprint of the country was obtained in the range of 1958 and 2758 m3 per ton.

The need for assessing the relationship between productivity and sustainability is being become more and more visible due to the key role of productivity improvement in development process. Conservation of production resources and paying attention to sustainable agriculture operations are the next important issues.

To achieve the objective of this research, Kendrick Productivity Index and Senanayake approach were used for measuring the productivity and evaluating the sustainability of wheat cultivation operations, respectively. Finally, factors affecting on the agricultural sustainability were identified using a regression model. Furthermore, the required data and information were collected with filling the 271 questionnaire forms farmers Saqqez County during 2020-2021. .

The results revealed that the mean productivity of wheat production factors for the study area is 14.88. Also, application of Senanayake approach showed that the farmers were classified as: I) very unstable (1.84%); ii) unstable (15.13%), iii) moderately stable (65.31), iv) stable (16.24%), and v) very stable (1.48%). Further assessments using estimation by a regression model demonstrated that some variables e.g., level of education, cooperative memberships, the method of production, type of supplied seeds and total productivity have significant effect on sustainability of agricultural operations.

There is a positive relationship between total productivity factors and the index of agricultural operations sustainability. Thus, a set of action plans which will increase the productivity (including efficiency improvement and changes in scale as well as technology) due to economic efficiency, amplifies the motivation of wheat farmers to follow the principles of sustainable agriculture.

Weeds control is very important to achieve optimal yield in agricultural products. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC).of garlic in chemical and organic nutrition management in Ramhormoz.

A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was carried out in 2019—2020 with three replications in Khuzestan-Ramhormoz province. The first factor included nutritional management (chemical and organic) and the second factor included 12 treatments of interference and control period of weeds (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 and 160 days).

Determining the critical period of garlic weed control in two chemical and organic nutrition management revealed that the beginning of the critical period in organic application will be happen later than chemical fertilizers. Also, the end of the critical period in chemical application of was predicted later than fertilizers. Also, the end of the critical period in application chemical was predicted later than organic fertilizers. The length of the critical period for weed control was higher than in chemical than chemical application compared to organic fertilizers. With 5% loss yield, the beginning, end and length duration of the critical period for weeds control in organic management were 202, 1518 and 1316 GDD and in application chemical fertilizers were estimated 210, 1638 and 1428 GDD respectively.

The results indicated that length duration critical period for weed control in organic nutrition management (120 days) will be shorter than chemical management (127 days).

The purpose of this study was to identifying the different types of vegetable growers' values in Kermanshah and determining those effect on the behavior of safety vegetable production.

A researcher-made questionnaire in three sections was the main tool of this study which its reliability and validity were confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Content Validity Ratio (CVR), respectively. The One-Way Anova analysis, Correlation statistic, and regression analysis were used to achieve to the research's aims. Data were analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel 2013 software.

The results showed that vegetable growers can be classified into three groups in terms of safety vegetable production behavior: ecological, moderate and conventional. There was a statistically significant difference between their values types at the level of 0.01% error. There was a significant relationship between their different types of values and their safety vegetable production behavior, expected of economic values. Regression output identified that tree types of values including of theoretical, social, and religious in total predicted 26.1% of variances of vegetable growers’ behavior to product safety vegetable.

Apart from the governmental organization reflections to deal with unsafety vegetable production in agricultural sector, vegetable growers’ values play a fundamental role in safety vegetables production. Therefore, considering them in planning processes in relation to agriculture sector can significantly contribute to the safety products and consequently the community health.

The aim of this study was to compare three types of wheat planters in wheat production in saline lands of the study area.This study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2020-20211400 in agricultural lands of wheat cultivation in Shadegan region of Khuzestan province. Experimental treatments included three types of wheat cultivators (1- flat planter with grain drill 2- planter on beds3- grain drill-furrower) which were applied on bread wheat of Chamran 2 cultivar.The obtained results showed that the studied traits were affected by different planting methods. Based on the average comparison results, it was observed that the highest number of sprouted seeds with an average of 400 seeds per unit area was related to the flat sowing method with linear work, which had a significant advantage over other sowing methods. Among the grain yield components, it was observed that the highest 1000-seed weight was related to atmospheric floor planting method with an average of 34 grams and the lowest 1000-seed weight with an average of 28 grams was related to ridge planting method. In terms of grain yield, it was observed that the highest grain yield with an average of 2273 kg / ha was related to atmospheric floor planting method. Comparison of mean traits showed that the highest planting depth was related to planting on the ridge with an average of 42.7 mm, which in this regard had a statistically significant advantage over the other two treatments.

This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of genotype × environment and to study the compatibility and yield stability of 20 lentil genotypes using incremental and multiplicative principal effects model (AMMI).

The present experiment was carried out in randomized complete block designs with 3 replications during 2018-2019, 2019-2020 under rain-fed conditions (in two regions of cold dryland areas including Zanjan, Maragheh (total of 4 environments). Each experimental plot consisted of 4 rows of planting 4 meters long with a density of 200 plants per square meter with a distance of 25 cm between lines. Planting was done manually. Combined analysis of variance was performed using SAS.V.9.1 statistical software assuming the effect of genotype and location were constant and the effect of year was random. AMMI analysis and calculation of main components of interaction for all genotypes and drawing of biplots and calculation of ASV stability index were done using CROPSTAT software.

The combined analysis of variance for grain yield showed significant differences for year, genotype, genotype × year, year × location effects. The first and second components in AMMI model accounted for 83.3% and 10.92% of the interaction sum of squares, respectively. Considering the numerical values of interaction for each genotypes and genotypes rank, genotypes G3، G17، G1، G7، G13، G14 and G18 were found to be more stable genotypes. Also, based on AMMI stability value (ASV), genotypes G11 ،G8 ،G14، G10، G20 ، G3 and G13 were determined as stable genotypes.

Among stable genotypes, genotypes G5, G8, G11, G13 and had higher mean grain yield. Therefore, these genotypes can be proposed for using in future breeding programs to introduce new cultivars.