مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 63، بهار 1402)

Preoperative evaluation by considering anatomical signs and clinical factors related to difficult airway is important in patients with possible difficult airway.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 162 patients referred to Peymaniye Hospital in Jahrom city in 2019. The level of sensory block was calculated using the alcohol test (heat and cold) and pain palpation using a slow needle. The level of movement block was measured using the patient's strength in moving legs, knees and hips. Malampati test evaluation was done before operation, 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours after operation.

Almost half of them had pain sensory block (44.2%), which was 25.8% of cold type and 18.4% of heat type. Among the hemodynamic variables, changes in oxygen saturation percentage before and after PCNL surgery with spinal anesthesia were not significant (p=0.398). The result of Wilcoxon test showed that the changes of Malampathi score before and after PCNL surgery with spinal anesthesia were significant compared to before surgery (p=0.001). The result of the Wilcoxon test showed that the changes in upper lip biting after PCNL surgery with spinal anesthesia were significant compared to before surgery (p=0.001).

In this study, the two tests of Malampati and Labgeze have confirmed the changes in the airway class according to the Peron position in PCNL patients.

Heart failure is associated with progressive prevalence and high mortality,and the prevalence of this disease is increasing despite medical advances.A clinical pathway is a method for managing patient care over a defined period of time with the goal of improving the quality of care, reducing risks, and increasing patient satisfaction. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of the assessment of the clinical course on self-care behaviors and quality of life patients with heart failure.

This interventional study was conducted on 68 patients diagnosed with heart failure in Heshmatieh Hospital under Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2019-2021. Patients were randomly divided into two control and intervention groups.After ensuring the discharge, the patients of the intervention group were taught about the purpose of conducting the research and the method of implementing the clinical path.Patients in the control group received routine training from the hospital.Serially,every one to three months, self-care and quality of life questionnaires were completed for the patients.

The average age of patients in the intervention group is 57.43 ± 5.74 and in the control group is61.70 ± 4.76. The results of the analysis of variance test with repeated measures showed that there is a significant difference between the average self-care score and quality of life score of the intervention group in the three stages of measurement

The results of this study confirmed the effectiveness of the clinical pathway on improving self-care behaviors and improving the quality of life of patients diagnosed with heart failure.

The pathogenic mechanism underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not entirely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance training on the level of antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue of male Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver. In the present experimental study, 21 adults male Wistar rats were purchased and randomly divided into three groups: control, high fat diet and high fat diet+ resistance training groups. Animals in the high-fat diet groups received a high-fat diet including a combination of fructose, carbon tetrachloride and olive oil for 23 weeks. The training group while receiving a high-fat diet, in the final 8 weeks performed the progressive resistance training protocol including carrying weights equivalent to 30 to 100 percent of body weight three sessions a week. At the end of the intervention, level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes in liver tissue were measured by enzyme colorimetric method. Also, liver histopathology was performed to confirm the biochemical results. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's follow-up test. Liver SOD enzyme level in the high-fat diet+ resistance training group showed significant increase in compared to the high-fat diet group (p = 0.035), but liver GPX enzyme level did not change significantly in the three groups (p = 0.085). The histopathological examination of the liver also confirmed the changes caused by the high-fat diet and the protective effects of resistance training. According to the results of this study, it can be said that resistance training can significantly improve the disorder of antioxidant enzymes and liver tissue steatosis caused by high-fat diet in male Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Many factors can play a role in postpartum depression, which significantly affect the baby, mother, family, and society. The purpose of this study was to present a postpartum depression model based on social support and marital satisfaction with the mediation of parental stress. The current research method was descriptive and type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was all mothers have given birth who referred to Ostad Motahari Jahrom Hospital between April and October 1401, and 415 women were selected using the accidental sampling method from natural delivery and caesarean section and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS), the MOS Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) Sherbourne and Stewart, the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS) and the short form of Abidin Parenting stress Index (PSI-4-SF) during four until eight weeks after childbirth. Social support and marital satisfaction do not have a significant effect on postpartum depression directly. Also, social support and marital satisfaction can effect on postpartum depression through parental stress.Considering the stressful conditions during pregnancy, psychological interventions aimed at reducing parental stress can reduce maternal exhaustion after childbirth, and social support and high marital satisfaction play a significant role in preventing this disorder.Keywords: postpartum depression, social support, marital satisfaction, parental stress

Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Macrophages are one of the most important immune cells against toxoplasmosis. Activation of P2X7R plays a critical role during immune response through macrophages.

This study aimed to evaluate the expression of P2X7R gene in THP-1 cell line treated by T. gondii soluble total antigen (STAg).

STAg was extracted from T. gondii tachyzoites strain RH. Upon transforming THP-1 cell line to macrophage M0, the cells were treated by different concentrations of STAg including 100, 80, 40, 20, and 10 µg for 4 h. Total RNA was extracted from cells, cDNA was synthesized, and relative quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of P2X7R gene.

Results of real-time PCR revealed that except concentrations 10 and 40 µg, the other concentrations of T. gondii STAg significantly decreased the expression of P2X7R gene. The highest downregulation of P2X7R gene was observed in THP-1 sensed by the concentration 80 µg.

In addition, there was no statistically correlation between the P2X7R gene expression and the concentration of T. gondii STAg. This study showed that T. gondii STAg my affect the expression of P2X7R to help the parasite to escape from immune responses leading by macrophages.

Salivary stones are a common disease of the salivary glands, which is caused by the obstruction of saliva secretion by a stone.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 228 dead bodies referred to forensic medicine in Fars province were examined to determine the presence of salivary stones. The data collection tool in this study is a demographic information questionnaire and salivary gland stones checklist.

The reason for referring the majority of dead bodies referred to Fars province forensic medicine was an accident. Only 8 people (3.5%) had a history of salivary gland stones, and the site of salivary gland stone formation in the submandibular cavity (37.5%) has the highest frequency. The largest size of salivary gland stone was 2.3 and 3.2 (25%). Also, the highest frequency of salivary gland stone weight was 4 and SUB anatomical location (37.5%). There is a relationship between age (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.002), body mass index (p=0.035), underlying disease (p=0.001), addiction history (p=0.005) and alcohol consumption (p=0.001) with salivary gland stones.

Based on the results of the present study, 3.5% of the people examined in the present study had a history of salivary gland stones, and the place of salivary gland stone formation in the submandibular cavity has the highest frequency. In addition, the highest frequency of salivary gland stones in the corpses of people over 60 years old, obese people with a history of addiction and alcohol consumption, these factors have reported a significant relationship with the formation of salivary gland stones.

Depression is the most common psychological health disorder.Considering that micronutrients have always played a significant role in all physical and psychological aspects of people,this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nutrients intake and anthropometric profiles with depression in male medical students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences in2021.

245students participated in this cross-sectional study.The intake of nutrients in the diet was measured using a food recall questionnaire.Anthropometric evaluations including,body mass index,waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were measured using standard methods. Beck depression questionnaire was used to determine the depression score. SPSS26 was used for data analysis.

The average age of the examined samples was22.7±2.3 years, the average body mass index was23.56 ± 8.35 kg/m2.the average waist to hip ratio of the samples was0.90 ±0.01 cm and the ratio of waist circumference to height of the samples was0.48 ±0.03. The depression score was significantly lower in group with normal BMI ,WHpR and WHtR. Also,the average score of depression in the group with adequate intake of selenium, magnesium and vitamin D was significantly lower than the group with inadequate intake.

according to the result, the increase in BMI, WHpR and WHtR and the decrease in consumption of selenium, magnesium and vitamin D can be associated with increase in the incidence of depression in medical students. Therefor, controlling body weight in ideal condition and getting enough selenium, magnesium and vitamin D can be preventive and perhaps a therapeutic factor to deal with some mood disorders, including depression.

Cancer is one of the most common causes of human mortality in today's societies, and extensive efforts are being made to combat it. EGFRVIII is a tumor-specific antigen that is not observed in normal tissues, making it possible to target cancerous tissues without damaging normal tissues. ANTI-EGFRVIII-based immunotoxins can lead to the death of cancer cells that express an excessive amount of the EGFRVIII receptor by directing toxic components to these cells.

The objective of the present study is to develop a new human immunotoxin against EGFRVIII (huscFv-PE38) by genetically fusing a single-chain human anti-EGFRVIII antibody with a truncated form of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE) (PE38KDEL).

The PE-38 exotoxin A fragment was amplified using PCR and attached to pET22b-antiEGFRVIII huscFv. The reaction was confirmed by PCR and enzymatic digestion. The immunotoxin was expressed in E. coli BL21 (plysS) and then purified using Ni-NTA chromatography. After that, the purified immunotoxin reaction was evaluated using ELISA methods.

The PCR and restriction digestion experiments confirmed the accuracy and integrity of the designed immunotoxin structure. Purification of the expressed immunotoxin using Ni-NTA chromatography column resulted in a highly pure, non-recombined immunotoxin with a molecular weight of 60 kDa shown on SDS-PAGE gel.

The results of this study demonstrate that the designed immunotoxin was successfully cloned, expressed, and purified, and can be considered as a promising candidate for the inhibition of EGFRVIII-positive cancer cells.