مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

This study’s objective was to evaluate the efficacy of emotion-oriented couple therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and marital adjustment in parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In this study, a single-case A-B-A design was utilized. In 2020, couples in Isfahan with children aged 7 to 11 years old and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder comprised the statistical population of this investigation. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Revised Marital Adjustment Scale (RDAS), and the fourth edition of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale (Parent Form) (SNAP-IV) were utilized in this study. Three couples were selected using purposive sampling and participated in eight sessions of emotion-focused couple therapy. The effect of the treatment was determined by calculating the percentage of non-overlapping data (POD) and the percentage of overlapping data (PND) using visual analysis and SPSS-20 statistical software. The results showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy had a positive and statistically significant effect on cognitive regulation of emotion and marital adjustment of parents with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (PND= 66/67% to 100%), and that the treatment’s effects persisted during follow-up. Based on the findings of the current study, emotion-focused couple therapy can be used as an effective intervention to improve adjustment and emotion regulation in couples with children who have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of a school-based self-injury prevention program on adolescents’ risk taking and metaemotions. The study has an applied objective and a quasi-experimental design, with experimental and control groups and follow-up. In 2019-2020, the statistical population comprised all adolescent females attending Rasht schools who had self-inflicted at least once. The sample consisted of 34 adolescents who had self-inflicted injuries and had been randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data was collected using two scales: “Iranian adolescents’ risk” (IARS) and meta-emotion (MS). The experimental group received 16 sessions of self-injury prevention training (twice per week), while the control group received no training. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS-25 software. P <0.001 indicated a significant effect of the training program on decreasing risk taking, negative emotion, and increasing positive emotion. During the follow-up phase, the risk-taking variable and the subcomponent of interest in metaemotion were not positively affected by the components of alcohol orientation, relationship to sexual orientation and behavior, and orientation to the opposite sex. Effectiveness of an educational package consisting of emotion regulation training, cognitive reconstruction, and… in reducing risk, reducing negative metaemotions, and increasing positive metaemotions in adolescent females. According to the results, interventions can be recommended to prevent self-injury in schools.

Using qualitative research grounded in theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors that influence repeated love failure. Based on the saturation principle, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 unattached boys and girls in Tehran in 2021 (6 boys and 10 girls) who had experienced at least two love failures. This study’s participants were selected using a targeted, snowball and available methodology. Strauss and Corben’s (1987) systematic analysis and three coding techniques—open, axial, and selective—were utilized to analyze the interviews. According to the results, the core concept of the model was determined to be emotional-impulsive choice, communication weakness, and love failure categories. Analyzed were the eight categories of recurrent love failure: selection and communication based on active and unhealthy goals, pathological dependence combined with anxiety, self-destruction and lack of self-compassion, lack of necessary preparations to lead the relationship to stable interaction, destructive and unstable interaction patterns, conflicting differences, unrealistic fears, and facilitator personality traits. There were two categories of risk factors (family dysfunction and absence of a specialized and effective social network guide). Interfering factors of recurrent love failure fell into two categories: lack of facilitators of right choice and constructive action, interfering skill deficiencies. The actions (strategies) were categorized into four groups: transitory and destructive emotional-cognitive actions, stable and destructive emotional-cognitive actions, destructive physical actions, and destructive behavioral actions. The consequences were divided into three categories: facilitators of correct choice and committed romantic relationship, absolute avoidance of romantic interactions, facilitators of incorrect choice, and re-failure of romantic relationship.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of resilience training on psychological capital and affective regulation in COVID-19 patients. Practical and semi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test, was the research design. The statistical population included male and female patients with corona virus who visited Fajr and Bou Alisina hospitals in Tehran’s 13th and 14th districts during the second quarter of 2021. The total number of these individuals was 8900 (5400 men and 3500 women). In addition, 120 individuals were selected based on the entry criteria, and then 30 individuals were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to virtual and group resiliency training for ten 60-minute sessions per week, twice per week. Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate covariance tests and SPSS-25 software. The findings showed that resilience training enhanced self-efficacy, resilience, optimism (psychological capital dimensions), and suppression (emotion regulation dimension) in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05) during the post-test phase.  Therefore, it can be concluded that treatments based on positive psychology, such as resilience, can be effective in enhancing the psychological health of corona patients, and their use is recommended in addition to medication therapy and home treatment.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the dimensions of self-development of university employees and their relationship with the learning agility of Tehran University employees on the campus of the social and behavioral sciences. It is an exploratory mixed method study. In the qualitative part, meta-composition was used, and with the aid of Sandelowski and Barroso’s (2007) model, 60 related scientific research documents were analyzed from among 410 titles, and more than 410 open codes were identified. In 2021–2022 there were 197 members of the social and behavioral sciences campus research community at Tehran University. 127 individuals from seven faculties were selected by straightforward random sampling. In the qualitative part, the composite form was utilized, whereas in the quantitative part, the self-development and learning agility questionnaire created by the researcher was used. The findings reveal the existence of four dimensions, namely psychological, behavioral, affective, and moral self-development. Using Lisrel8.8 software, a self-developed measurement model was created with the aid of structural modeling, demonstrating the model’s excellent fit with the data. Learning agility has a correlation coefficient of 0.72 with self-development. Employee learning agility was significantly related to psychological self-development with a coefficient of 0.72, emotional self-development with a coefficient of 0.63, behavioral self-development with a coefficient of 0.67, and moral self-development with a coefficient of 0.59. In general, it is possible to assert that self-development consists of four essential dimensions, and that all of these dimensions have a positive and significant relationship with the learning agility of employees.

During the coronavirus epidemic, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the flipped learning method on the flexibility, cognition, and academic motivation of male students. The method was quasi-experimental and applied in terms of purpose; it is a component of the pre-test, post-test, and control group design. In the academic year of 2020-2021, the statistical population consisted solely of male fifth-grade elementary school students in the city of Shahreza. A primary school for males was chosen at random, and 40 students were selected using the available sampling method and divided into two groups of 20 using randomization. Experiments and witnesses have been substituted. The experimental group underwent 10 training sessions using pre-prepared online training modules, whereas the c​ontrol group received traditional training. All participants in both groups completed pre- and post-tests utilizing the Harter Academic Motivation Scale (HEMS) and the Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFI). The collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis and IBM SPSS (version 26) software. Post-test analysis of covariance revealed that the flipped learning method improved cognitive flexibility and academic motivation in the experimental group relative to the control group (p <0.05). The flipped learning method can be used to improve the flexibility, cognition, and motivation of students in schools and educational centers utilizing the online education method, particularly during the coronavirus epidemic.

The aim of the present study is to compare the two indicators of interoceptive awareness and equanimity between yoga practitioners and non-practitioners. This is fundamental research conducted using a post-event methodology. During April and May of 2022, the research was conducted in Tehran and the laboratory of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Tehran University. The sample consisted of women who routinely practiced yoga (n=17) and women who did not (n=16). The target population consisted of Tehran-dwelling women. Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) was among the instruments utilized in this study. This instrument was utilized to assess interoceptive awareness and its eight subscales. In addition, the physiological index of heart rate variability (HRV) was used to accurately and objectively measure the equanimity component. The obtained data were then compared using an analysis of covariance test (with anxiety and depression scores as controls) and IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Interoceptive awareness and four of its subscales (attention regulation, self-regulation, listening to the body, and trust differ significantly between these two groups, according to the results. This indicates that, compared to the other group, those who practice yoga have a more conscious perception of their inner emotions and a general understanding of their inner physiological conditions. LF-HRV index differed significantly between the two groups based on comparison of HRV in the quiescent state. This information demonstrates various autonomic nervous system activities, which could be interpreted as evidence for the effect of equanimity. Various applications of the results are discussed in conclusion.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of executive functions training on the self-control and social competence of children with low self-control. It was an experimental study consisting of pre-test, post-test, control group, and two-month follow-up period. In the academic year 2021-2022, the statistical population of the study consisted of Tehran primary school children with low self-control. 26 children with limited self-control were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups through multistage cluster sampling. The experimental group received eight 75-minute executive functions training sessions. This research employed the Children’s Self-control Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Social Competence Questionnaire (SCQ). Using SPSS-23, the data were analyzed using a mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni Follow-up test. Executive functions training has a significant effect on the self-control and social competence of children with limited self-control (p<0.001). Using techniques such as increasing attention, concentration, and accuracy, organizing activities, avoiding response, and controlling impulsivity, the present study concludes that executive functions training is an effective method for increasing self-control and social competence in children with low self-control.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy on Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients’ treatment adherence and perceived stress. It was a quasi-experimental study consisting of a pre-test, a post-test, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. In 2019, the statistical population of the present study included IBS patients referred to Bandarabbas therapy centers and gastroenterologists. Using the available sampling technique, 32 IBS patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. During two and a half months, the experimental group received ten 75-minute sessions of compassion-focused therapy. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (ATQ) were among the questionnaires utilized. The data were analyzed using statistical software version 23 and repeated-measurement ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up tests. The results showed that compassion-focused therapy has a significant effect on IBS patients’ treatment adherence and perceived stress (P<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, compassion-focused therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to increase treatment adherence and decrease perceived stress in IBS patients by employing techniques such as increasing positive experiences, training compassion expression, and identifying incorrect evaluations.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of child-oriented unified trans-diagnostic treatment for Alexithymia in divorce-engaged children with emotional self-regulation difficulties. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study consisted of female divorced children (9 to 12 years old) with difficulty in emotional self-regulation who attended primary school in Tehran during the academic year 2021-22. 26 female children of divorced parents with difficulties in emotional self-regulation were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of 13 children each. The experimental group received ten sixty-five-minute sessions of unified trans-diagnostic treatment intervention geared toward children over the course of two months. In this study included Children’s Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Alexithymia Questionnaire (AQ) were applied as questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 and the mixed ANOVA method. The findings revealed that the child-focused Unified Trans-Diagnostic Treatment has a significant effect on Alexithymia and emotional self-regulation in divorce-engaged children with difficulties in emotional self-regulation (p<0.001). Identifying emotions, teaching emotional awareness, cognitive reevaluation, identifying emotion avoidance models, and examining behaviors resulting from emotions were found to be effective in decreasing alexithymia in divorce-engaged children with difficulty in emotional self-regulation.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of combination therapy based on resilience and mindfulness with cognitive behavioral therapy on job burnout, anxiety, stress, and depression in the staff of Isfahan Regional Electric Company who suffered from a mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. In 2021, the statistical universe included the whole male staff of Isfahan Regional Electric Company. 45 employees were selected using a purposeful sampling method based on entry and exit criteria and randomly assigned to one control group and two experimental groups. Maslach's job burnout inventory (MBI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to obtain the data. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS-23 and the multivariate covariance test and Tukey’s post hoc procedure. Both applied therapeutic methods (CBT and Combined therapy) reduced anxiety, stress, depression, and burnout significantly in experimental group members. However, post hoc analyses revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between two methods for reducing dependent variables. According to the findings, the resilience and mindfulness-based combination therapy can be used in conjunction with other therapeutic protocols to ameliorate psychological disturbances such as mood and anxiety symptoms as well as job burnout in individuals.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a schema-based parenting program on the resilience of adolescents with behavioral problems. In terms of purpose, the current study is part of applied research, and in terms of data collection method, it is a quasi-experimental research with a two-group design, random assignment, and pre- and post-tests. This study’s statistical population comprises adolescents with behavioral problems in Bojnourd’s first year of high school in 2020-2021. Participants with the highest behavioral problem scores among pupils from two boys’ schools and one girls’ school in CBCL were then randomly divided into two groups of 15 individuals. Before and after the intervention program, participants were given CD-RIS pre- and post-tests to complete. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data using a one-way statistical model of analysis of covariance. F=59.27 obtained at the level of P=0.01 is significant, indicating that the schema-based parenting program is effective on the “resilience” component. The intensity of the effect is 0.69, indicating a high level of efficacy.  Parenting based on schemas can increase resilience and equip individuals with behavioral problems to contend with adversity.

The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of an integrated package of cognitive, interpersonal, and systemic therapy on the depressive symptoms and coping skills of women with depression. The research design is an extended pre-test-post-test design with multiple groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of the women referred to the Atieh treatment center in Tehran in 2017 and 2018, and 60 of them were randomly divided into four groups of 15 participants.Following grouping, the first group received cognitive therapy, the second group received interpersonal therapy, the third group received systemic therapy, and the fourth group received an integrated bundle of cognitive, interpersonal, and systemic therapy over the course of 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. Data was collected using the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) and the Coping Responses Scale (CRI). The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 statistical software and mixed variance analysis. Post-test results indicated that integrated treatment package training has a significant impact on reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing coping skills among depressed women (P<0.001), but these results were not substantiated during the follow-up phase. This study is founded on the utilization of integrated treatment packages to improve Depression supports services.

The purpose of this research is to assess cognitive-communicative abilities in healthy young and elderly individuals, as well as patients with right hemisphere damage (RHD). The nature of this quantitative study’s methodology was casual-comparative. In Persian, 18 RHDs aged 53 to 75 (7 females and 11 males) and 54 healthy individuals aged 30 to 45, 45 to 60, and 60 to 75 who resided in Tehran in 2021 were evaluated. The subjects were selected using a method of convenience sampling. The Selective Attention Test (SAT), the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), the Bedside version of Persian WAB (P-WAB-1), the Ironic Process Test (IPT), and the . SPSS version 25 was used to conduct a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data. On memory, selective attention, semantic judgment, proverb perception, and irony perception tests, the functional difference between RHDs and healthy individuals is statistically significant (P< 0.05)Memory and selective attention evaluations reveal a statistically significant (P<0.05) functional difference between the healthy 60-75-year-olds and the two healthy 30-45 and 45-60-year-old groups. In the ironic process test, the functional difference between the healthy group aged 60-75 and the healthy group aged 45-30 is significant (P<0.05). On the semantic judgment and proverb perception tests (P>0.05), there is no statistically significant difference between the 60-75-year-old healthy group and the 30-45 and 45-60-year-old healthy groups. Cognitive resources hypothesis can explain the poor communicative-cognitive test performance of RHDs compared to healthy individuals and the inferior performance of healthy elderly individuals compared to healthy younger individuals.

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of psychological capitals training on the psychological resilience and mental empowerment of employees with work-family conflict at the Sarkhoon and Qeshm gas company. It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, control group, and a follow-up period of four months. In the spring of 2021, the statistical population included employees with work-family conflicts at the Sarkhoon and Qeshm oil and gas company. Using a systematic sampling technique, 27 employees were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Two and a half months of psychological capitals training (10 sessions) were administered to the experimental group. Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (WFCS), Psychological Resilience Questionnaire (RQ), and Mental Empowerment Questionnaire (PES) were among the questionnaires utilized in this study. The study’s data were analyzed using Mixed ANOVA and SPSS-23 software. Psychological capitals training had a positive effect on psychological resilience (P<0001, Eta=0.57, F=33.68) and mental empowerment (P<0001, Eta=0.48, F=23.28) among employees with work-family conflict. According to the findings of the present study, training in psychological capitals is an effective method for enhancing psychological resilience and mental empowerment among employees experiencing work-family conflict.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of self-compassion on couples’ dyadic conflict resolution strategies. This study involved multivariate correlation and an actor-partner interdependence model. In 2020, the statistical population consisted of all Tehran-dwelling couples. The research sample consisted of 167 couples (334 individuals) selected using the available sampling method. Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) were utilized. The collected data were initially analyzed using the SPSS-23 software. Then, in order to study the dyadic effects of couples’ characteristics, the actor-partner interdependence model and the R programming language were utilized. The actor effect of the first model demonstrated that a man’s self-compassion can directly and significantly predict his constructive conflict resolution manner, whereas this is not the case for women. In addition, due to the actor effect of the second model, self-compassion was unable to predict the couples’ manner of avoiding conflict resolution. Self-compassion can significantly predict the dominant conflict resolution style of couples, as demonstrated by the third model's actor effect. By promoting self-compassion skills in even one spouse, it is likely that couples’ conflict resolution will be more productive and their relationship will improve, as suggested by these encouraging results.

This research aimed to develop a scale for adolescent psychological health problems (APHP). The population consisted of parents of high school pupils in six provinces in 2016: Alborz, Kermanshah, East Azarbaijan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, and Razavi Khorasan. For each province, two cities (the provincial center and a low-income city) were selected on purpose. The selection of six institutions in each city was based on a random sampling method, and the selection of parents was based on available sampling. There were 308 parents in the sample, including 195 mothers and 111 fathers. After the data were collected, they were input into the 18th version of the statistical software for social sciences (SPSS). 133 items were examined for their adequacy using seven indicators (mean, standard deviation, standard skew, standard kurtosis, deletion alpha coefficient, multiple correlation, and correlation coefficient with total score) during item analysis. The item analysis revealed that the majority of objects possessed appropriate properties. Exploratory factor analysis of the coefficient revealed six factors that explain 42% of the variance. Internal homogeneity coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.78 (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) to 0.95 (deficit in assignments and self-control) and 0.95 for the full scale. The results indicated that the preliminary version of the instrument has adequate psychometric properties.