مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال بیست و ششم شماره 6 (شهریور 1402)

The "golden hour" concept is a new evolving strategy for better prognosis of preterm and term infants, and all health care providers should be informed about the components and importance of the golden hour approach. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the percentage and sequence of primary care measures for newborns in the delivery or operating rooms in Khorasan Razavi hospitals.

This descriptive study was conducted in 2021-2022 on 1286 babies born in the maternity ward and operating room in Khorasan Razavi public hospitals. The percentage and sequence of taking care of newborns were investigated immediately after birth. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 26) and Statistical indices. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Drying and warming in 98%, making skin to skin contact of the baby with the mother's breast in 65%, positioning in 61%, emptying mouth secretions and stimulating the baby in 41%, putting on a hat in 61%, controlling the number Breathing in 48%, heart rate in 38% and temperature check in 25% were done among babies. The summary of the order of care measures performed for newborns was: tying the umbilical cord, starting skin-to-skin contact, drying, warming, stimulating, emptying mouth secretions, putting on a hat, determination of first minute Apgar, weight control, height control, head circumference control, determination of fifth minute Apgar, first respiratory rate control, first pulse rate control, first breastfeeding, body temperature control, foot impressions, vitamin K injection, diapering, and transfer to obstetrics department.

In maternity wards and operating room of Khorasan Razavi public hospitals, essential measures such as vital signs are evaluated in less than half of the babies, and the order of care is not appropriate. Therefore, the modification and training of the neonates' care worker needs a serious revision and it is necessary for the health care workers to review the care and order of their performance.

The knowledge and skills of midwives as the most effective team providing health and preventive care can affect the behavior and performance of maternal care. Therefore, the present study was conducted with aim to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of midwives' knowledge and skills questionnaire to assess and promote maternal health literacy.

This methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022to February 2023. In this study, 314 midwives working in hospitals and health centers or public and private clinics in the central cities of Mazandaran province completed the 13-item questionnaire. The face validity, content validity and construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated. The reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reproducibility. The structure of the questionnaire was analyzed using factor analysis.

Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, three factors of performance, knowledge and skills were extracted. The model fitness indices confirmed the questionnaire. (PCFI=0.684, PNFI=0.651, CMIN/DF=2.438, RMSEA=0.068, AGFI=0.905, IFI=0.923, CFI=0.922). Also, the internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed (<0.7).

The three-factor questionnaire of midwives' knowledge and skills to assess and promote maternal health literacy produced good validity and reliability. Due to its suitable psychometric properties, this tool can be used in future studies designed to evaluate midwives' knowledge and skills to assess and promote maternal health literacy.

Satisfying psychological needs during pregnancy is defined as a feeling of satisfaction, increased independence, improved interaction between others and the environment, and spontaneous increase of mental energy to achieve successful pregnancy and delivery. The present study was conducted with aim to create and validate the pregnancy psychological needs questionnaire.

In terms of applied purpose, the current research is qualitative and quantitative combined data (mixed) and in terms of study method is foundational data. The statistical population included women referred to specialized women's clinics and midwifery centers in Kermanshah city in 2022-2023, and 40 people were selected through purposeful sampling with the inclusion criteria up to theoretical saturation and were subjected to in-depth interviews. After the analysis of the interviews, a tool suitable for the Iranian context was prepared to measure the psychological needs of pregnancy. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part of content analysis and in the quantitative part of exploratory factor analysis, first and second order factor analysis were used and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure its reliability.

Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, six factors were extracted and the fit of the six-dimensional model of psychological needs of pregnancy was confirmed based on the results of confirmatory factor analysis. Considering the theoretical foundations and the content of the questions, these factors were named (supportiveness, affection, motivation and hope, emotional understanding, empathy and sexual need). Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was reported as 0.89.

The results of the present study showed that the pregnancy psychological needs questionnaire has the necessary validity and reliability, and it is possible to measure the psychological needs of pregnant women through this tool.

All the results obtained from medical research are reliable when they are examined using correct statistical tests along with checking the assumptions of the test and the accuracy of factors such as sample size, randomization, and standard measurement tools. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to identify the extent of the articles' compliance with the essay writing standards and the correct use of statistical methods in the results reporting.

In this descriptive study, from all Persian-language journals that had a scientific-research score in 2021, 300 articles were selected with a multi-stage sampling method. Then, the study questionnaire was designed and was completed each article after assessing its validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18) and Two-sample t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In this study, 300 articles were examined and it was found that the type of study (94.8%), sampling method (94.8%), sample size determination formula (20.8%), validity (40.6%), reliability (72.4%), the reason for dropping samples (67.3%), how to deal with outlier data (12%), checking defaults (83.4%), confidence interval (11.9%) ) and blinding (47.4%) of the articles reported correctly. Also, the mean score of 300 articles was 86.46±11.48 out of 100.

In general, it seems that most of the researchers observed the most important factors regarding statistics in relation to writing the article, but the editors and referees of the journals should pay attention to the issues such as mentioning the name or the formula for determining the sample size, validity and reliability of the tool, outliers and missing data, confidence interval and blinding.

Preterm delivery is one of the leading causes of death in infants and children under 5 years of age. The causes of preterm delivery have not been properly identified, but some causes include infections such as bacterial vaginosis, which are very common among pregnant women. The present study was performed with aim to determine the role of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis in causing preterm delivery.

This case-control study was conducted in 2014-2015 on 100 women with term delivery and 100 women with preterm delivery in Shaheed Sayyad Shirazi hospital in Gorgan. DNA was extracted from vaginal samples and PCR was performed using specific primers for Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiloncus spp. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and Chi-square test and logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Frequency of Gardnerella, Atopobium and Mobiluncus in term delivery were 86%, 15% and 25%, respectively and in preterm delivery were 74%, 14%, and 45%, respectively.  The distribution of Mobiloncus in the two groups of preterm and term delivery had a statistically significant relationship (P=0.003). The odds ratio (OR) of preterm delivery in women who were positive for Mobiloncus was 2.46 times (95% confidence interval 1.35-4.47) compared to those who were negative for Mobiloncus.

According to the findings of this study, the odds ratio of preterm delivery was significantly increased with the presence of Mobiloncus in the vagina. It is better to consider the methods to quickly detect this bacterium and thus prevent preterm delivery.

Infertility is a disorder that affects about 15% of couples and 50% is related to male. Sperm freezing involves storing semen samples at -196°C in liquid nitrogen. During freezing, due to the induction of apoptosis through oxidative stress, the functional indicators of sperm are damaged and ultimately lead to a decrease in fertility. There have been many studies on the use of freezing environments with complementary antioxidants to limit the damage caused by freezing. In this study, melatonin and curcumin were used in combination as antioxidants in sperm freezing.

This study was conducted in 2022 on the semen of 40 men with normal sperm in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. To check sperm motility by CASA device, morphology by hematoxylin staining, viability by eosin nigrosine staining, DNA integrity by tunnel kit and MDA measurement by reaction method with thiobarbituric acid and spectrophotometer were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 25) and ANOVA test, dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The use of melatonin and curcumin either separately or in combination in the freezing environment had a significant effect on the rate of motility and survival, DNA fragmentation and MDA level (P<0.05).

Adding curcumin and melatonin in combination to the freezing environment will have a positive effect on sperm parameters after freezing.

Mothers with gestational diabetes and their babies are exposed to significant maternal and neonatal complications. This study was conducted with aim to determine the effect of oral capsule of aqueous alcoholic extract of red onion on blood sugar of women with gestational diabetes treated with diet.

This triple-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2021-2022 on 60 women with gestational diabetes in Mashhad. Eligible mothers at 24 to 30 weeks of gestation were randomly divided into two groups of 30 people, intervention or placebo, and took 500 mg capsules of red onion extract or placebo twice a day for 4 weeks. Fasting blood sugar was checked before, two weeks and four weeks after the study, and two hours after meals. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 16) and Chi-square, Independent t and Mann-Whitney tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a statistically significant difference in the intervention group compared to the placebo group in the mean fasting blood sugar two and four weeks after the study (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the intervention group compared to the placebo group in the mean blood sugar two hours after a meal two and four weeks later compared to before the study (P>0.05).

Considering the effect of red onion extract in reducing fasting blood sugar in women with gestational diabetes, it is recommended to teach its use in health centers.

Dysmenorrhea is a common, painful, and debilitating problem of personal activity with psychological symptoms of anxiety and distress. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of Mandela therapy on anxiety, pain intensity, and distress in primary dysmenorrhea.

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2022 on 80 university students in Arak city who had a pain intensity score of 4 to 8. People were placed in the intervention and control groups. The intervention group painted the mandala for five days in two menstrual cycles. The questionnaires of Spielberger's anxiety, Moos menstrual distress, and numerical pain measure were completed by two groups before and after two intervention periods. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 28) and Fisher's exact, independent t and paired t, and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Although the mean score of dysmenorrhea distress after the intervention had a significant decrease in the intervention group (35.76±8.18) compared to the control group (40±7.93) (d=0.645, p=0.01), but the reduction in mean pain intensity in the intervention group (5.82±2.08) was not significantly different compared to the control group (6.45±1.96) (p>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the mean of trait and state anxiety in the two groups after the intervention (p>0.05).

Mandala therapy can be effective in reducing the distress caused by primary dysmenorrhea.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, which is associated with insulin resistance. The present systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of exercise training on metabolic factors in women with PCOS.

In this study, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar databases for English and Persian articles published until September 2022. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the impact of exercise training on fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), fat percentage and body fat mass in women with PCOS. Standardized mean differences (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effect model. Also, I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity, and funnel plot and Egger test were used to evaluate publication bias.

Exercise training caused a significant decrease in insulin [SMD=-0.47, -0.79 to -0.15, P=0.004], HOMA-IR [WMD=-0.57, -1.02 to -0.12, P=0.01), and body fat percentage [WMD=-1.89, -3.36 to -0.42, P=0.01] in women with PCOS; but exercise did not change fasting glucose [WMD=0.65, -2.17 to 3.47, P=0.65] and body fat mass [WMD=-1.58, -3.88 to 0.7, P=0.17].

Exercise reduces body fat percentage, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance in PCOS patients. It is noteworthy that both types of aerobic and resistance training reduce fasting insulin in these patients, but the impact of resistance training is greater than aerobic exercise. Therefore, exercise is recommended as a non-drug solution to improve body composition, reduce insulin resistance and prevent diabetes for women with PCOS.

Humans knowingly or unknowingly are daily exposed to electromagnetic fields and today electricity is an integral part of life. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to systematically review the studies on the effect of electromagnetic field on pregnancy and postpartum outcomes.

In this review article, which was written based on the PRISMA guidelines, all cohort and case and control studies were searched from the databases of Magiran, Medlib, Web of Science, SID, Iran Medex, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with keywords of electromagnetic field, mobile phones, mobile phone base stations, watching TV, using Internet, pregnancy outcome, perinatal mortality, preeclampsia, childhood cancers, asthma in offspring, congenital defects, and behavioral and emotional disorders without time limit until May 2022. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. Content analysis was done qualitatively.

In this study, 477 articles were extracted. Then, 10 studies with a score of 6 and above were examined with the Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. A review of the evaluated variables in the articles showed that father's exposure to electromagnetic field has been associated with the risk of perinatal mortality, preeclampsia and congenital defects, and the mother's exposure was associated with the risk of asthma, amniotic fluid reduction, decreased motor skills, and delayed neurodevelopment of children. But the pregnant women's living in the vicinity of masts, high voltage cables and mobile phone base stations did not increase congenital anomalies, childhood cancers and behavioral and emotional problems (such as hyperactivity, inattention) in children.

Contact of father or mother with electromagnetic waves during pregnancy can cause problems in pregnancy and their children. Therefore, it is recommended to control exposure to electromagnetic fields as much as possible.