مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 64 (پاییز 1402)

Commercial tourism and its impact on cities and villages manifests itself in various forms, and causes various economic changes in tourist areas.Research

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of commercial tourism indicators on the sustainability of rural settlements in ​​Dehshikh-Sigar business district, Lamerd County.

This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The population of study included all villagers living in 13 villages of Dehshikh-Sigar business district in Fars province. Using Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.06, 235 households were identified as sample households. SMART PLS, one-sample t-test and linear regression in SPSS were used to analyze the data.

Studied Areas:

 The geographical area of this research is Dehshikh-Sigar Business District in Lamard County.

The findings confirm that the commercial tourism indicator with the value of R (0.959) has the greatest impact on the sustainable development of the rural settlements in Dehsheikh-Sigar business district. Eventually, using the R2 coefficients, we found that the level of development in the study villages, with an emphasis on commercial tourism in the villages of Dolatabad, Hassan Kamkali, Firoozabad, Kakli with the values of R2 (0.992, 0.988, 0.986 and 0.983) has the greatest impact, and has a poor performance in the villages of Dehshikh and Sigar with a R2 coefficients of 0.865 and 0.925.

Commercial tourism has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of rural settlements, as according to standard coefficients, 32.5% of the sustainable development of rural settlements in the Dehshikh-Sigar business district is directly predicted by indicators of commercial tourism.

Choosing the optimal location for emergency or temporary accommodation of crisis-affected populations is one of the issues that is always considered by responsible organizations in crisis management. The city of Isfahan, being located near two very important nuclear centers within a radius of 10 and 100 km and for various political reasons, can be the main focus of military attacks as well as terrorist attacks. At a time when the greatest focus is on urban terrorist attacks and there is a very high probability of such attacks in the city of Isfahan, it seems that addressing the issue of temporary accommodation after the attack can be considered as one of the main categories. Passive defense related issues.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial location of temporary housing in Isfahan with a passive defense approach.

This research is descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature and method and applied research in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, using spatial data and performing relevant analyzes in the GIS and multi-criteria decision model AHP, VIKOR has been taken. The statistical population of this study is urban experts in Isfahan and the sample size is 60 experts through theoretical saturation. The sampling method is snowball sampling. 

Studied Areas:

The city of Isfahan with a longitude of 51 degrees and 38 minutes east and a latitude of 32 degrees and 38 minutes north and an area of 550 square kilometers.

The results show that among the criteria affecting the location of temporary housing, the land slope criterion with a score of 0.097 is the most important and the criterion of access to welfare service complexes with a score of 0.021 is the least important criterion according to experts.

According to the studies, the lands of the northeastern part (lands between Rahmatabad and Kameshcheh areas) of 30 km are suitable for temporary accommodation.

Tourism, as the largest social movement, has multiple cultural and spatial consequences for urban areas. Therefore, in order to effectively develop tourism and enhance its positive consequences, it is necessary to recognize and pay special attention to the role of tourist complexes.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the Tourism Empowerment Composite Scale in the township of Parsabad-Moghan.

This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. Library and field methods, including observation and questionnaire, were used to collect data. The statistical population for the study was determined in Parsabad city, with a sample size of 352 individuals according to Cochran's formula, including residents from two cities with and without complexes. The questionnaires were completed using a systematic sampling method.

Studied Areas: 

Parsabad Moghan County is a relatively extensive plain, covering approximately 14% of the total area of Ardabil province, with an area of over 1383 square kilometers. It is the northernmost region in Ardabil province.

In order, the economic aspect (733/0), the social aspect (695/0), and the environmental aspect (214/0) play the most significant role in distinguishing the urban capabilities between the two groups - the city of Aslanduz with tourist complexes and the city of Tazekand without tourist complexes.

Dimensions of urban empowerment between two urban groups with tourist complexes and those without tourist complexes predict about 51% of the variance and in the variable of urban empowerment, it is predicted that 50% of the changes in urban empowerment are not examined by other factors in this study.

The concept of sense of place refers to the emotional connection that an individual has with a physical location. This connection can be influenced by personal experiences and perceptions. As virtual media continues to grow, it impacts the sense of place in physical and virtual spaces.

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the sense of place in public and virtual spaces and provide a theoretical framework for urban planners and cyber activists to promote a stronger sense of place.

The study utilizes qualitative meta-composition by analyzing selected articles through Sandlowski and Barso's methods. The research focuses on identifying the most important factors affecting the sense of place in real and virtual public spaces. Relevant literature was reviewed through scientific databases and reputable journals, with articles being selected based on their relevance to the research topic. A total of 45 articles were analyzed using qualitative or meta-combined content analysis, following the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) checklist.

Studied Areas: 

The most important public space of the city of Rasht, which is located in its central context, has been selected as a case study. This area has uses of heritage value and hence it is a valuable historical fabric of Rasht city. In addition to having rare aesthetic values ​​and the most important place for the creation and continuation of the collective memories and identity of the city, the mentioned fabric is also known as an important pole of the city's commercial, cultural and recreational activities.

The study found that the issue of a sense of place in cyberspace is recognized, and the most important factors affecting the sense of place in public spaces are physical, functional, meaning, art and beauty, environmental, and demographic dimensions. The most important factors in cyberspace are physical and non-physical dimensions. The sense of place in cyberspace has similarities with the indicators in public spaces, and both impact each other.

In conclusion, the study suggests that cyberspace creates a unique sense of place and has a significant impact on participation, critique, rationality, and communication. While physical presence is necessary in public spaces, virtual presence has expanded the possibility of experiencing space for the first time. It can increase the sense of place in that real space. Therefore, urban planners and cyber activists need to consider the factors that affect the sense of place in both physical and virtual spaces to promote a stronger emotional connection to place. Keywords for this study include sense of place, sense of cyberspace, public space, cyberspace, and qualitative meta-composition.

In recent decades, along with the uncontrolled development of urbanization and the decline in the quality of residential environments, finding a solution to find an effective solution to improve environmental quality has become one of the most important concerns of managers and urban planners.

To improve the environmental quality in neighborhoods with unconventional housing and identify the factors affecting the satisfaction of residents.

The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied nature and method. The statistical sample size was determined to be 376 people using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The data obtained from the questionnaires were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression. After extracting the criteria, a one-sample t-test was used to measure the environmental quality of the neighborhood and the level of citizens' satisfaction.

Studied Areas: 

Dense Bisim neighborhood in the northeast of Zanjan with an area of ​​approximately 82 hectares of rural areas without a core is the target neighborhood of the study.

Regression test on "physical", "social", "functional", "perceptual" and "managerial" factors shows that there is a linear relationship between the main components (independent variables) and neighborhood quality (dependent variable). Is established. Also, due to the high factor load of the "physical" component, the variables of this factor are more correlated with the environmental quality of the Bisim neighborhood and the existence of a significant relationship between environmental quality factors and residents' satisfaction is confirmed. Finally, after the component of space and permeability organization, which is in the first rank of residents' preferences for improving the quality of the neighborhood; the variables of "managerial" factor such as: "control and supervision", "management and maintenance", "providing visual and environmental comfort" are in the next priorities. Among the "perceptual", "social" and "functional" factors, the components of "safety and security", "social interactions", "compatibility and homogeneity" and "accessibility" have been emphasized by the residents in relation to other components.

The results of the study of effective factors in environmental quality index show that improving the quality of Bisim neighborhood requires simultaneous attention to all factors involved in environmental quality and quality of life depends on equitable distribution of services and urban facilities and increase their life satisfaction.

Urban open spaces are an integral part of cities, especially metropolises, which are a haven for the presence and activity of citizens, and according to the requirements of modern life, their existence today is one of the main factors in the quality of the living environment .The quality of urban spaces is a function of various physical, functional, aesthetic, social, and economic factors that have been analyzed and evaluated from different perspectives from the past to the present..

In this study, the issue of permeability and accessibility of urban street spaces has been specifically addressed. In fact, the aim was to determine to what extent the quality of the environment increases with the increase of accesses, or in other words, the construction of new access roads.

For analysis, the space arrangement technique has been used, in which the components of interconnection, control, selection, depth and connection in two waysVisibility and Axial map are evaluated.

Studied Areas: 

To analyze this issue, a study sample of Bagherabad neighborhood of Rasht has been used. This area is composed of busy passages that in the period of 25 years (1373 to 1398) a new passage in width, A number of north-south passages connect this area.

Evaluations have shown that the maps of 1398 have been greatly improved in these components compared to the original map.In fact, according to the analysis of spatial arrangement parameters,The results showed that correlation in the area in general in 1398,It is more than 1373.

Due to the increase in accessibility and permeability of this area through the construction of an east-west street,Based on this, it can be concluded that greater accessibility has increased spatial interconnection, which ultimately indicates an improvement in the quality of urban space.

The tourism industry is one of the most important sources of income for the countries of the world, and in the 21st century, it has been ranked as the second most important industry in the world. Tourism of a destination is highly dependent on its natural and cultural resources and has positive and negative effects on the environment. Therefore, social responsibility has been considered as a concern of urban and rurals Destination managers of tourism destinations more than before.

the main purpose of this research is Identifying the dimensions of social responsibility of urban and rurals' destinations in Guilan province from the Tourists' Point of view.

The present study, based on the type of data, is qualitative and based on the type of purpose, was basic and based on location, was field research and in terms of method and process, the data was classical Grounded Theory. The statistical population of this study was tourists and experts from all over Iran who have traveled to the tourist destinations of Gilan province for at least the past two years. The sampling method, due to the unlimited statistical population and the impossibility of accessing the entire required sample, was Convenience and snowball Non-probability Sampling. Data collection tools was semi-structured in-depth interview, which due to quarantine restrictions, more It was done by phone. The number of samples was 12 according to the theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed through open, theoretical and theory-based coding using MaxQDA 2020 software.

Studied Areas: 

The study area of the research includes all tourism destinations, pilgrimage, entertainment, parks and green spaces, hotels, residences, restaurants in all cities and villages of Guilan province.

The findings show that the legal, environmental, economic, cultural and ethical dimensions are respectively the desired dimensions of destination social responsibility for tourists.

Because this study revealed tourists' perceptions of the destination social responsibility, the results could have important implications for marketers and destination managers; Because they can differentiate their destination products from others and in the long run enjoy great benefits such as long-term links between tourists and destinations.

The main axis of this research deals with the method of creating and developing architecture based on the qualities that respect the relationship with space and the way of human life under the influence of light and color, instead of using criteria such as dimensions and size. How does natural colored light affect improving the psychological performance of housing? What are some ways to help reduce people's stress? It seems that the use of colored glass in homes can have a positive effect on people and psychology. Also, the use of colored glass in the residence can reduce stress and anxiety caused by the external environment.

The current research aims to explain the anthropological components of historical buildings with an analytical approach in three neighborhoods of Tabriz's barou area; Maghsodieh, Sorkhab, and Sheshgolan with the valuable concepts of anthropology and psychology of light and color of the second Qajar period of Tabriz.

The present research was done with the descriptive-analytical method. The research approach is a combined approach with a sequential strategy (qualitative-quantitative). Necessary data were obtained with the researcher-made questionnaire, observation, and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the research was the 8th urban area of Tabriz, which had 123 residents and was questioned as a whole. Data analysis was done using the factor analysis method.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of this research is the historical houses of Tabriz city.

The findings indicate that the transmissive surface (72%) of the sash crown is in order from more to less with red (14%), blue (12%), green (11.5%), and yellow (4.5%) colors. %), it is covered from the top to the bottom, but the combination of red color with other colors has balanced the effects of this color to a great extent. The survey of residents and experts and the findings of the analysis of the confirmatory factor have been such that the purpose of organizing spaces such as two-door, three-door, five-door, and two-door in the Qajar houses of Tabriz as well as elements such as sashes and mirrors according to the characteristics of light and Color has been the symbolic identity of light, meaning, excitement, visual continuity, spatial diversity, landscape, etc.

As a result, the important characteristics of light and color by the method of factor analysis in 6 readability factors with a share of 12.869, desirability 11.8, pleasantness 11.4, spirit and mood 10.7, adaptability and flexibility 9.9 and interaction 6.3 The interior spaces of historical houses were explored and presented in the form of proposed models.

Since the livability is a necessary prerequisite for achieving sustainable development, today, its evaluation and measurement in the field of planning and policy for urban settlements has received much attention. Livability includes various environmental, social and economic dimensions that the evaluation and improvement of each dimension in achieving a livable settlement is necessary.

The purpose of this study is to identify and level the economic indicators affecting the livability of Tabriz metropolis; assessing the economic livability condition in the 10 region of this metropolis

The type of applied research, the method used is descriptive-analytical and the data were collected using field studies and documentary method. The statistical population of the study is households living in Tabriz metropolis. In order to achieve the first goal of the research, first the required indicators of the research were identified using content analysis method, Delphi method and interviews with experts in the form of 12 indicators they were done. Finally, using the MicMac technique, the type of indicators were identified in the form of four types of independent, dependent, linked and key indicators. Also, in order to achieve the second goal of research and evaluation of economic livability of Tabriz metropolis, the identified indicators were examined using the Morris correction technique.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of this research is Tabriz metropolis.

The research results indicate that 5 indicators: job security status; Adequate and sufficient income; Having a good job; Appropriate job opportunities and the existence of income-generating opportunities in the region with the impact of 12 are the most effective economic indicators in improving the livability of the metropolis of Tabriz.

Considering the importance of job and income related indicators to create new and diverse job opportunities to reduce unemployment and expand production and commercial activities, it is suggested to take advantage of the strong economic potential of the market in order to create suitable jobs in the region.

Never before has humanity faced such an accumulation of multiple crises in cities. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay special attention to cities in general and the concept of urban livability in particular in the world and in Iran.

The present research was compiled with the aim of identifying the driving forces affecting urban livability.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and hybrid in terms of method. In order to collect information, library and field methods (questionnaire of experts) have been used. Regarding the identification of influential drivers, 20 experts in urban livability were selected as samples. In this research, six economic, social, environmental, service and infrastructural, urban and historical management dimensions were examined in the form of 24 variables. Data analysis has been done using the interaction analysis method in Micmac software.

Studied Areas:

 In this research, the central part of Bojnord city, the capital of North Khorasan province, has been selected as a study sample.

Paying attention to the drivers of livability and additional studies and investigations in this important role in improving and promoting urban livability in the current state of the city and improving the performance and conditions of the central living area of Bojnord not only at the present time but also in the future will also have. Based on the research, the variables of transportation facilities, favorable access, historical signs and symbols, residents' sufficient income, preservation of historical signs and symbols, management of dilapidated structures and variety of job opportunities have the most influence and the least dependency.

According to the results obtained in the field of livability drivers of the central part of Bojnord city, investment and study and research in public transportation facilities and improving the performance of urban sidewalks can play a significant role in improving the livability of this part.

Urban poverty is one of the biggest challenges in both developing and developed countries, which is a major obstacle for most governments to achieve the indicators of sustainable development. Therefore, accurate identification of poor areas as well as contexts and processes affecting the formation and spread of poverty is one of the necessities of urban planning and management to deal with the spread of this phenomenon.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the areas of urban poverty and also to analyze the contexts and processes affecting the spatial organization of poverty in Tabriz metropolis.

The research method in the present study is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with analytical-exploratory nature, which in order to collect research data has been used from the information available in the statistical blocks of 1996 and 2016 in Tabriz and to interview the managers and academic elites specializing in urban poverty (15 people based on the Delphi method) and to analyze the data, has been used the Q-factor analysis model and the nearest neighbor index (NNI) in GIS software.

Studied Areas:

The geographical area of the research includes 10 regions of Tabriz metropolis.

Findings show that the contexts and processes of spatial expansion and organization of poverty in Tabriz metropolis include the three main factors of inefficiency of the management structure and macroeconomic system, discriminatory management structure and economic system and the characteristics of immigrants and low-income people, which in total, they explain 83.536% of the total variance.

The results show that in 1996, most of the suburban areas of the city were in an unfavorable situation, while in 2016, the organization and spatial distribution of poor areas in the city and the distribution of clusters of poor areas during this period of 20 years has been reduced.

Population growth and urban development have made use of much of the urban land, especially agricultural lands and gardens, for residential, industrial, and transportation uses. This use changes lead to increased pollution and degradation of the environment and above all the earth's surface temperature has increased.

This study investigates the relationship between land use and thermal islands in Meshginshahr over the 1984, 1999 and 2020 time periods.

The research method is applied and research in nature. To achieve the goal of the research, after radiometric and atmospheric processing of the images, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI) were calculated. Then, using the error matrix method, the accuracy and precision of kappa for production maps were evaluated.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of this research is MeshginShahr city.

The findings indicate that Maps of the heat island show that in 1984 the minimum temperature is 22 and the maximum temperature is 43 ° C. While this situation has been increasing in 2020, the minimum temperature is 29 and the maximum temperature is 63 ° C.

The results of the relationship between land surface temperature and land use changes show that the highest land surface temperature is related to urban construction lands and this is a result of reduced vegetation cover and increased impermeable levels. Also, the study of the spatial distribution changes of the surface temperature of the island and the thermal island showed that with the disappearance of vegetation inside and around the city the cool temperature class replaced the warm temperature class.

Occurrence of natural hazards such as Earthquakes due to the Environmental and Geographical conditions of the country has always led to serious financial losses and widespread human losses, and in order to reduce its effects, attention has been paid to the resilience approach.

The aim of this research is to analyze the Economic, Social and Cultural resilience of rural settlements in the central Disteict of Ardabil Township against Earthquakes.

The present study, with regard to the nature of the issue and the subject of the study, is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is 36 villages with more than 20 households and most of the central part of Ardabil city. Based on Cochran's method, 365 heads were determined and distributed and completed to the number of rural households in a simple random manner. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 30 specialists and experts. The total reliability was estimated 0.9 by Cornbrash’s alpha.

Studied Areas: 

The village has more than 20 families in the Central District of Ardabil Township.

The findings indicate that, the social dimension is in a better position than the economic dimension. Also, the economic resilience measure showed that the indicator "income amount to compensate for damages" with a value of 3.90 has the highest and the indicator "satisfaction with personal income" with a value of 2.24 has the lowest average. Social and cultural resilience showed that the indicators of "the degree of solidarity between people in the event of an earthquake", "the level of satisfaction with access to a doctor" with the highest 17.17 and 15.70, respectively, and the indicators of "satisfaction with "Housing insurance" and "Hope for the future in case of an earthquake" with -22.25 and -14.21, respectively, have a lower than the desired test average.

Findings showed that the resilience of economic indicators of the studied villages against earthquakes is lower than the average level and there is a significant difference between the villages.

Unemployment, poverty, difficult economic conditions and issues and problems on the one hand and the desire of people to live in big cities or the proximity of such cities on the other hand have always been one of the main problems of cities in developing countries including Iran. With an expert review and the observation of statistics, it indicates that this problem is becoming more catastrophic, that if a written and designed plan is not considered for it, it will threaten the entire urban communities. Residents who are forced to live in different areas of the city due to many issues and problems, far from the minimum suitable living conditions and without access to sustainable sources of income. Areas that do not have a suitable platform to accept these residents and as a result of this influx of informal settlements for living.

The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the role of informal settlements in the urban spatial structure and to investigate how to prevent the expansion of informal settlements and to find optimal methods to organize these areas in Hamedan city. economic is examined.

In terms of methodology, the present research is based on the nature of applied-developmental research. And the method of collecting descriptive data is from the survey branch. The method of data analysis was done using Delphi technique and statistical analysis using SPSS software.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope includes the informal settlements of Hamadan city.

The results obtained from the single-sample t-test about the satisfaction of the residents with the status of informal settlements in Hamadan show that according to the table that is the result of the t-test, these settlements show that satisfaction In these areas, due to the difference between the average and the upper and lower limits, it is average and unfavorable.

The development of Hamedan city and the expansion of urbanization in recent decades have been accompanied by the growth of informal settlements. This socio-economic phenomenon has been formed due to the lack of attention to regional and urban planning and the internal capabilities of the urban area in terms of creating activity and employment capacity, and most of these neighborhoods are located in the service area of Hamadan city, and their main problem is lack of access It is one of the welfare and social services of the city. In addition, the body and appearance of Hamedan city has faced problems. The fact is that these boundaries cannot be removed from the planning space and ignored, but with accurate urban planning and appropriate to the characteristics of the residents, changes should be made in their body and texture.

Social and cultural effects of tourism are the procedures that tourism creates changes in value systems, people’s behavior families’ connections, genre of group life, traditional customs, and social; systems in that. Tourists communicate with Local inhabitants during their residence destinations and the result of their mutual communications cuase changes in society of hosts’ quality of life, value systems, division of labor, familie’s relations, attitudes, behavior Patterns, customs and usages. These changes become obvious if there are a lot of cultural – social discrepancies between tourists and local residents. Today’s cultural social planning in local areas as a part of local permanent development process is very important.

The aim of the current research is to determine the socio-cultural role of tourism in the development of the southwestern villages of Gilan.

Ready research has fulfilled in terms of descriptive – analytic. Essential data collection has fulfilled by two ways of reading documents and fieldwork. In the part of  Reading documents, ground role of theory and history of reading are the topic of research study and on this base, the number of effective tourism social – cultural index on local development has chosen. Because of extent of study realm and much more number of families, random sampling was used. In first phase, the number of sample rural families were calculated in terms of caukran. Sampling and then 378 sample questioner were devoted on the base of families’ proportional distribution on the area. Emamzade Ebrahim, Ghale´e Roudkhan, shanbe Bazar, Makolvan, Emamzade Eshagh, seyed Abad, Nasir Mahale, Chomach Gurab, Doroud khan, Markhal, Abaskouh, Roudpish, Jirde, Siamazgi, Lask, Node, Koumsar, Lolaman, Gasht, Siahroud, and Kord Mahale are sample villages in ready research study.

Studied Areas: 

The southwestern villages of Gilan province constitute the study area of ​​this research.

With regards to data derivation from questionar, for evaluation and statement of cultural – social role of tourism in rural development, indexes were used like: helping to increas of citizens’ fixation toward, village, to persuade to more use of Modern instrument for homes, rising life style, to improve public social services, increasing career chances, freedom feeling for rural women, to develop, changing and renovation of local culture to develop and improvement of career chances between rural men and women, to develop sanitary services, improvement of social relations and deduction of social equality, prevention of rural imeg ration process, encouragement and preparation of reciprocal imegaation, preparation of new conviniences and services,  revivaland, reinforcement of fixation of inmate to local customers, habitudes, architecture, handicrafts and dressing. Descriptive findings show that there is a relationship between tourism and cultural changes in Local area of southwest Guilan.

The southwestern region of Gilan has provided the development of villages by taking advantage of the capabilities and potentials of natural, historical-archaeological, religious and economic tourism. These changes that result from the development of tourism have laid the foundation for rural development with a socio-cultural approach in the southwestern district of Guilan.

Urban settlements are facing complex issues due to physical expansion and population growth. In fact, with the expansion of cities and increasing problems of urban life, people's expectations from officials to create welfare opportunities have increased, and for this reason, it is necessary to build a smart city.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the key components in the development of Bojnourd city with a smart city approach.

is descriptive-analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the city of Bojnourd. In this research, 7 main indicators and 74             sub-indices related to the intelligent society are studied. T-test and confirmatory factor analysis have been used for data analysis.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of the research is Bojnourd, one of the most important cities of North Khorasan province and also the capital of the province, like many cities in Iran, has a great difference with the standards and indicators of the smart society.

The results of the t-test showed that 62% of the total 74 indicators studied are below the normal and average levels. 10% of smart society indicators from citizens' point of view are at average level and 28% are at above normal and average level. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, 28 influential and key sub-indices were identified in Bojnourd smart city development.

The comparative analysis of the explanatory variance by seven factors in this research shows that the factors of participation in public life, social and ethnic pluralism, and morality, respectively, have the highest variance in explaining the factors of the development of the smart city of Bojnourd.

Cities, as the most extensive man-made structures, have always been exposed to many natural and man-made disasters. Meanwhile, earthquakes have often inflicted irreparable losses on these settlements and their inhabitants and especially its worn-out textures, which is necessary to pay more attention to the concept of resilience to reduce the harmful effects of earthquakes.

In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the physical resilience indicators of worn-out textures against possible earthquakes.

The method of this research is mixed and includes two phases, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative phase has been performed using the methodology of grounded theory and in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 24 experts. In the quantitative phase, one-sample t-test and Friedman test were used. Finally, in order to better understand the status of physical resilience indices, through field harvesting using GIS, maps related to physical resilience indices were presented.

Studied Areas: 

The research area was Qaleh neighborhood in Dezful township, located in the north of Khuzestan province.

Data analysis was performed during three stages of open, axial and selective coding and led to the emergence of 97 open codes, 18 concepts in the form of 4 main categories. The results showed that physical resilience against earthquakes in Qaleh neighborhood includes four components of redundancy, diversity, connectivity and strength.

Evaluation of the components of physical resilience of Qaleh neighborhood against earthquake from the perspective of experts using one-sample t-test, indicated that the physical resilience of Qaleh neighborhood of Dezful and its components are at an inappropriate level. In terms of resilience level, the connection component is in the first rank, the diversity component is in the second rank, the redundancy component is in the third rank and the strength component is in the fourth rank.

Today, due to the high value of land and the limitation of natural resources in the city of Bowanat, it is very important to predict land use changes in this city.

Research Aime: 

determining the level of ability in modeling the localization phenomena in the city of Bowanat is one of the main goals of the research.

Due to practicality and development in this research, artificial neural networks were used to calibrate the model for effective factors in the city of Bowanat, and ENVI and Arc GIS image processing software were used.

Studied Areas:

 Bowanat city is located 240 km from Shiraz city with an area of 4992.2 square kilometers, which is located at 30.46 degrees north and 53.67 degrees east.

In the design of urban growth modeling in Bowanat between 2003 and 2018 using artificial neural network, it was observed that for two main reasons, the mentioned model is suitable for predicting land use changes in Bowanat city, the first reason being the ability of the CA model and the reason The second is to achieve a model for urban change and expansion by changing urban land use.

After examining the findings, it was found that the road network is one of the most important factors in the growth and expansion of Bowanat city, and in addition, the percentage of land slope is one of the effective parameters in the modeling of Bowanat city.Keywords: Land use, Fuzzy Logic, Artificial neural network, Bavanat city.

Today, housing cooperatives with the participation of the private sector and the support of the government, along with rural-urban migrants with different economic bases, play a significant role in the rapid expansion of the physical boundaries of urban settlements.

Research Aime: 

In this research, he investigated and analyzed the role of housing cooperatives in reproducing and organizing the urban space in Zanjan city.

This research is descriptive-analytical in nature. In the descriptive method, data has been collected using library studies and field studies through a questionnaire. The statistical population includes 430,871 citizens of Zanjan. 384 samples were selected by Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed using TODIM multi-criteria decision model and path analysis test and DPSIR model with the help of Excel and SPSS software.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of the research includes the city of Zanjan.              

The findings showed that housing cooperatives have played a significant role in the reproduction and organization of urban space in Zanjan with an average of 3.43. Among the influential components of housing cooperative performance, the economic quality component of housing with an average of 3.61 in order to produce physical space in the city and build housing, has been able to organize the performance of economic drivers of housing production in the city. Also, according to the path analysis test, the response component with a direct effect of 0.527 is most related to the reproduction of urban space in the form of housing cooperatives in Zanjan.

The results showed that housing cooperatives are an effective factor in reproducing the atmosphere of Zanjan city. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of cooperatives in reproducing efficient urban space and organizing housing, paying attention to urban regeneration policies; serious follow-up of construction violations and change of use; Determining population capacity and density limit is necessary.

Social capital includes aspects of social structure that facilitate collective action and mobilize resources. James Coleman believes that projecting social capital as recourse is one of the ways to introduce social structure in to the paradigm of rational action. City branding is the representation of this action in the field of cultural economy actors of the city which is a collective consequence and necessity arising from the complexities from the field of globalization, financial capitalism and Hollywood cinema.

Research Aime: 

general explanation and theoretical understanding of social capital and city branding, explanation and reasoning of the role of social capital and social network in capacity building of the production of city brand, evaluation of the social capital in the scale of street, neighborhood and whole city in second district of municipality, evaluation the effect of multi level social capital in capacity building of "Shiraz brand".

The research method is descriptive- analytical. Three- level scale of street, neighborhood and the whole city of 2 district of Shiraz municipality has been considered to measure social capital.

Studied Areas: 

2 district of municipality of is one of the eight districts of Shiraz municipality that placed in the south and west of the historical context and it extends along Modares and Abuzar axes to the western borders of the Shiraz airport. Its area is over 1680 hec and currently it has population of 178000 people.    

Shiraz is the city of Hafez's poetry. The representation of collective spirit in the literacy of city and romantic poetry and pre- branding of Shiraz. This article is looking for urban creations and capacity building such as business and brand through the reproduction of social capital in the 2 district of Shiraz municipality.

The results of the research indicate that the structural reproduction and capacity building of Shiraz brand is in the international context with the social capital of people.