مجله دانشکده دندان پزشکی اصفهان
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 83، تابستان 1402)

 Trauma to the teeth is a prevalent problem in children that can lead to depression, psychosomatic issues, social problem, dysphasia and esthetic cancerns for them. Dentists play a crucial role in reducing the side effects of dental trauma so that their knowledge about the causes, prevention and treatment of such truma is of paramount important. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of general dentists’ in Isfahan regarding the management of dental trauma.

 The present study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire consisting of demographic information and general dentists' knowledge about the management and treatment of dental trauma (22 questions) and their attitudes towards the subject (11 questions). The questionnaire was completed by 125 general dentists in Isfahan city who were randomly selected in 2019. The data were analyzed using statistical tests including t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Spearman's correlation coefficient (p value < 0.05).

 The mean score of general dentists’ knowledge was 13.65 ± 2.71 and the mean score of attitude was 39.01 ± 5.98. Women had higher knowledge about dental trauma than men (P value = 0.002). There was also a negative correlation between age (p value = 0.001) and job experience (p value = 0.026) regarding dental trauma knowledge.

 General dentists’ knowledge, who worked in Isfahan, regarding the treatments of TDI in 2019 was at a moderate level. It is suggested that with holding dental trauma retraining courses about how to manage and urgent treat this traumas, thus being more hopeful to rescue these teeth by increasing the awareness of dentists.

 Dentists play a crucial role in improving society’s knowledge regarding the use of mouthwashes. Therefore, such knowledge is essential during the dental education. The aim of this research is to evaluate students' knowledge, attitude and performance regarding the use of mouthwash among the students of Islamic Azad University at Isfahan as well as to compare free and state university students.

 In this descriptive-cross sectional study, a valid and reliable researcher designed questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was distributed among 134 Azad university dental student of different levels (basic sciences, fifth year and senior year) and senior students of Isfahan medical science dental school. One-way ANOVA, T-test, Shapiro-Wilk, Tukey and Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests were used for statistically analysis (α = 0.05(

 A significant difference was found between the knowledge, attitudes and performance of students in basic sciences, fifth year and senior year. However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and performance, attitude and performance of different educational levels.
No significant difference also reveals between the mean score of knowledge, attitude and performance of the students from the two universities.

 The results showed an improvement in knowledge, attitude and performance among students with increasing educational level. However, knowledge and performance remained at a moderate level. Also, raising awareness does not necessarily lead to good attitudes and performance.

 Zirconium oxide nanoparticles have high strength and transparency to light and have been used in dentistry in dental restorations, production of high glass fillers, and improving the material's resistance to mechanical impact. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the fracture strength of heat-cured acrylic resin.

 This laboratory experimental study was conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of Khorasan Azad University and Dr. Mousavi Research Center of Isfahan University during the spring and summer of 2018, 90 samples (22 × 10 × 2.5) were made using wooden blocks to make acrylic samples. After flasking, the samples were divided into 3 equal groups. In the first group no powder of zirconium oxide was added. In the second group, 2.5% by weight of zirconium oxide and in the third group 7.5% by weight of zirconium oxide were added to the mixture. Then, the fracture strength of the samples was evaluating using a universal testing machine and 3-point bending test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA one-way and Tukey's test (α = 0.05)

 There was a significant difference (p value < 0.001) between the mean fracture strength of heat cured acrylic resin samples in the three studied groups (p value < 0.001). The lowest mean fracture strength was observed in the group with 7.5 % weight of zirconia.

 The average strength to failure of heat-cured acrylic is reduced by adding zirconia oxide.

 According to the importance of the patient-mix in creating adequate clinical skills and experience for students, the aim of this study was to assess the periodontal needs of patients referred to the periodontics department of Isfahan dental school and compare them with the formulated curriculum for the students to determine if the number of required and performed treatments meets the curriculum.

Methods and Materials: 

In this cross-sectional study all the available files in the archive of the periodontics department during 2016-2017 were included. The information about the needs of the patients referred to the department (patient-mix) Was compared with the number of dental students multiplied by the educational requirements in each semester of practical course 2-4.

 In periodontics course 2 most of the provided care was adequate comparing with the proposed requirement. In clinical course 3, 4 some provided cares including scaling and root planning, oral health education, charting and intra oral examination were adequate. In course 3, surgery assistance by the students was lower than the requirement. Reviewing the files of course 4 also demonstrated that surgical procedures performed by the students including crown-lengthening, flap surgery, curettage, gingivectomy and also surgery assistance were much lower than the proposed curriculum.

 It appears that there might be a gap in students' training in the fields of periodontal surgeries. This lack might be due to the insufficient number of referring patients and the combination of the patient-mix. Therefore, considering outreach programs can efficiently increase the number and variety of patients and the patient-mix.

 since microorganisms play a fundamental role in the ethology of pulp and peri apical diseases, and reduction or elimination of the intra canal population, is of the main principles of a successful root canal treatment. The aim of this study was the in vitro comparison of bacterial population reduction in root canal by mechanical instrumentation, using two single file systems and multi file rotary system in root canals infected with Enterococous Faecalis

 In this experimental laboratory study, the root canals of 48 human mandibular premolar teeth were selected and were infected with a culture of E.faecalis for 30 days. Then the specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16): Reciproce, Neolix and Mtwo files. Four other teeth that were contaminated and not instrumented, were used as control group. Samples were taken before (S1) and after instrumentation (S2). Bacterial quantification was performed using quantitive PCR. Statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests

 Comparing the average number of bacteria before and after preparation, the number of bacteria increased significantly between the three groups of Reciproc, Neolix and MTO after preparation (p < 0.001). But in the control group, there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria before and after preparation (p = 0.144).

 single file canal preparation systems are as effective as multifile rotary system in reduction of the bacterial load of canals 

 The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatments on insulin resistance and periodontal indices in diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis based on blood glucose control in Isfahan dental faculty in years 1395-96.

 This single blinded controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients referred to khoram treatment center and Isfahan dental faculty. Patients after obtaining consent form and on the basis of including criteria were selected. With considering blood sugar control patients were divided into four groups (poor, averaged, good control and non-diabetic). Before none-surgical periodontal treatments, periodontal indices were measured, and insulin resistance was detected by measuring of salivary resisting. Then scaling and root planning and oral hygiene instruction was done. Patients were followed for 3 months, and insulin resistance and periodontal indices were measured again. Finally the data was analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance test, Tukey’s Post Hoc Test and Paired sample t-test. α =0.05 was considered as significance level.

 The results showed that average of glycated hemoglobin, pocket depth, percentage of areas with bleeding and plaque index had significant difference before and after treatment in each four groups p-value < 0.05, although the mean changes between groups was not significant (45%, 58%,19% &48%).

 The results showed that non-surgical priodontal treatment improves periodontal indices and reduces glycated hemoglobin and salivary resistin, but there was no association between severity of diabetes and mentioned indices.

Adhesion to the surface of denture is a unique feature of oral candidiasis. Nanoparticles have antifungal and antibacterial properties that can be used in the structure of the dentures along with acrylic. The purpose of this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the growth and adhesion of Candida albicans in the injection mold acryls. Materials &

In this experimental laboratory study, 90 acrylic blocks were prepared using the injection molding technique. The acrylic blocks were divided into three groups of 0, 2.5, and 7.5 weight percentages of zirconium oxide nanoparticles. All the plates with acrylic block were immersed and incubated in artificial saliva containing Candida. Then samples were taken from the control solution and the one containing block. After analyzing the number of colonies, blocks were removed from the culture medium and their adhesion was analyzed in Sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium. One-way Analysis of Variance and post-hoc Tukey test were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on Candida.

The growth of Candida albicans significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (p value < 0.001). The number of Candida albicans colonies adhered to the block in the control group was significantly higher than that in the two groups with 2.5 and 7.5 weight percentages of zirconia However, there was no significant difference between the two groups with 2.5 and 7.5 5 weight percentages of zirconia. Nanoparticles of zirconium oxide with 2.5 and 7.5 weight percentages can significantly reduce the growth and adhesion of Candida, and due to the toxicity effect, it is better to use the lowest weight percentage of nanoparticles.

Zirconium oxide nanoparticles of 2.5 and 7.5 weight percentages can cause a significant decrease in the growth and adhesion of Candida.

Considering the role of inflammatory mediators in both orthodontic movements and the development of periodontal diseases and taking into account the role of Interleukin 17 as an important inflammatory mediator in orthodontic treatments and the impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a new and appropriate adjuvant therapy, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of LLLT on IL-17 levels in gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic treatment. Materials &

In this clinical trial study, 12 patients in need of orthodontic treatment were selected. In these patients, one side of the mouth was randomly selected for laser irradiation and the other side as a control. Diode LLL irradiation with a wavelength of 810 nm was performed throughout the gingival Cervicular on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 after orthodontic treatment. Sampling was performed on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 by placing paper points in distal, mesial, palatal, and buccal sulcus of the maxillary fifth molar on the both sides for 30 seconds. All samples were then transferred to the laboratory and IL-17 level was determined by ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test and One-way ANOVA.

Mean IL-17 levels at day zero (p value = 0.62) and day 2 after orthodontic treatment (p value = 0.19) were not significantly different between the control and laser treated sides, however they were significantly lower in the laser-treated group than the control group on days 18 and 30 after orthodontic treatment (p value < 0.001). The mean IL-17 levels decreased in both groups during the treatment period, but this decrease was significant on day 18.

The results of the present study indicate the therapeutic role of diode LLL in reducing inflammation, and Il-17 levels in both sides of the mouth gradually decreased over time, and this decrease was more pronounced in the laser-treated side than in the control side.

Bioactive materials are substances that can affect living tissue, organisms and cells or their response. These materials can be used in various fields of medicine and dentistry. Today, the main use of these materials in dentistry is its use in the treatment of pulp capping, remineralization of teeth in order to restore hard tissue, and anti-caries and antibacterial properties. Some of these substances have alkaline properties, that can neutralize acidic pH. Also, some others have adhesive properties and chemical bonding, and other features of these materials include their dimensional stability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity.

Description: 

This review was conducted by searching Persian and English sources indexed in Scopus, PubMed, ISI, and focusing on recent articles published in the field. Bioactive materials include biodentin, polymer materials with nano-structure in combination with protein-replants, as well as well-known and common materials that have bioactive properties such as (mineral trioxide aggregate), calcium hydroxide. However various studies have also identified some disadvantages that should be taken into account. These explanations help us to know all the options and materials in our treatments and make a better choice.

Bioactive substances and their effects can cause changes in different fields of dentistry and provide new solutions to improve the materials used in dental treatments. However, further in-vitro and clinical studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of these materials in dental materials synthesis.