نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 82، بهمن 1392)

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic childhood disease that has a profound impact on the health of both the individual and community health. On the other، the overweight and underweight in children is a major public health concern influenced by common factors with dental caries. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between DMFT (Decay-Missing-Filled-permanent teeth) and anthropometry indices in 9-11 year old primary school children of the city of Shiraz، Iran-2012. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on primary school children، aged 9 to 11 years، selected by cluster random sampling in four areas of Shiraz city، in 2012. The prevalence of children with dental caries was calculated by measuring the number of teeth decayed، missing or filled duo to caries (DMFT) indices using the WHO screening standards. Weight، height، and sitting height were measured and body mass index (BMI) and leg height were calculated. The association between Anthropometry and DMFT were examined using bivariate correlation and linear regression tests by the SPSS software. The difference mean DMFT index between five groups of BMI was evaluated by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. A total of 974 pupils were studied. Mean DMFT was 0. 94±1. 46. There were significant association between DMFT and BMI (r=-0/91; p=0/005). Mean DMFT was significantly reduced from underweight children to obese children (p=0/027). Underweight children have a higher risk of developing caries in their permanent teeth.

According to the role of eosinophil cells and IgE antibody in the pathogenesis of asthma، the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between serum levels of total IgE antibody and the percentage of eosinophil cells in patients with asthma. This case - control study was performed on 30 patients with asthma referred toYasuj Mofatteh Clinic in 2013. The disease had been confirmed by relevant specialists as the case group and 30 healthy subjects were selected with no history of respiratory disease or infection parasitic diseases as controls. After completing the questionnaire included demographic and clinical status، 2 ml of oxalated blood and 2 ml of clotted blood were taken. Eosinophil cells percentage and total IgE antibody levels were measured by counter and ELISA respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical، Fisher''s exact and t- tests. This study indicated that the total IgE levels 34 % of patients with asthma and 20% of control group were higher than normal، this difference was statistically significant (p<0. 05). The 36% of cases showed Eosinophil above 4%، while the control group no positive cases were found، this difference was statistically significant (p<0. 05). There was a significant correlation between the percentage of Eosinophil cells and extent of symptoms of asthma with its severity (p<0. 05). A significant correlation was seen between total IgE levels and the percentage of Eosinophil in asthma patients (p<0. 05). The amount of total IgE antibody and the percentage of eosinophil cells in patients with asthma are high. Due to these two factors associated with symptoms and severity it can be used of these two factors for controlling، prognosis and treatment of the disease.

Zonisamide is an inhibitor for glutamate neurotransmitter and gamma aminobutiric acid (GABA) -mediators. It also increases the total levels of serotonin. According to the importance of this drug in psychotherapy، its side effects on the endocrine system seem to be very important. This study was aimed to determine the effects of zonisamide on pituitary-gonad axis and spermatogenesis. In this experimental study، 50 adult male Wistar rats were divided in five groups of ten. The control group did not receive any medical treatment. The sham group received 1 ml distilled water as a solvent and three experimental groups were treated with 50، 100، 200 mg/ kg of zonisamide orally for 28 days. At the day of 29، blood samples and preparation of tissue section were taken from all groups. Serum concentrations of hormones were measured via Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). Using the SPSS software، the results were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. The results showed that 100 and 200 (mg/kg. b. w) of zonisamide could reduce the serum level of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)، while it increased the LH concentration. It should be noted that 200 (mg/kg. b. w) of drug also enhanced the FSH level (P<0/001). Also، a considerable decline was observed in spermatogenesis chain at high doses of zonisamide. This study showed that high doses of zonisamide decrease the serum concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and the number of spermatogenic cells. It also increased the serum FSH and LH levels. Therefore، it is proposed that zonisamide may decrease the function of reproductive activity.

β-lactamase enzymes producing bacteria ESBL have spread widely throughout the world. The production of enzymes induces bacterial resistance to a wide range of antibiotics which is leading to the limitation of infection control and correct treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate patterns of antibiotic susceptibility to antibiotics and the presence of β-lactamase genes SHV، TEM، CTX-M، in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical specimens of intensive care. Susceptibility of isolated bacteria against 10 antibiotics was determined by agar disk diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. The strains (DDST) were examined for the presence of the spectrum β-lactamase enzymes. Using E-test، the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic was determined to cefotaxime. Moreover، SHV، TEM، CTX-M genes were identified by، Multiplex PCR method، and some of them were sequenced. The antibiotic resistance against 10 antibiotics was determined. The highest percentage of isolates was resistant to ampicillin (100%) and sensitivity to imipenem was 1. 66%). In this study، the majority of strains produced ESBL (60%). TEM gene in 34. 38% and all three genes (TEM and SHV and CTX) at 33. 13% of isolates were observed. The present study showed that the K. pneumoniae producing ESBL in patients in ICU are common. Therefore، the use of procedures and policies for infection control in hospitals and especially ICU is necessary.

In recent decades، inappropriate antibiotic therapy has been led to the emergence of strains resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. Since the main source of infection and transmission of Staphylococcus aureus is by hospital staff، the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus strains isolated from hospital staff of Jahrom. Undo edits. In this cross - sectional study، 397 of the anterior nasal samples of medical personnel and hospital services were collected by swab. The identification of S. aureus was determined by biochemical tests and microbiology، and the antibiotic resistances of isolates were determined by disk diffusion method for 13 antibiotics. In this method، the inhibition zone for methicillin-resistant strains was ≤ 10 mm; the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against antibiotic vancomycin، ticoplanin، linezolid and synercid were determined by E-test method. In the present study، 11. 3% of personals carried S. aureus in the nose. Among them، 90% were health care workers and 10% were health service workers. The most sensitivity was observed resistance to Ciprofloxacin، rifampin، linezolid and synercid (91. 1%)، but the lowest sensitivity was to penicillin (4. 7%). of 9 MRSA strains، 1 strain was resistance to vancomycin and 2 strains were resistant to teicoplanin and linezolid. Because of S. aureus strains isolated from hospital staffs were resistant to most common antibiotics، identification and treatment of health care and health service workers can prevent nosocomial infections.

Clinical training in nursing education is one of the most stressful experiences. Mentoring is a method that has been considered and different aspect of it such as effect on stress is argued. The present study is conducted to evaluate the effect of Peer-Mentoring program on Abadan College of nursing students in 2010-2011. In this Case-Control study، all second semester nursing students (n = 40) who were matched for age، gender، and GPA were divided in two case and control groups randomly (patients 19 and controls 21). Both groups spent their apprenticeship under the guidance of the instructor. In the case group، a 6th semester nursing student was assigned to 3-4 per second semester nursing student and، took the role of guiding and supporting them. The instruments for data collection were an individual characteristic form، and clinical experience assessment form. Pre- and post-tests were performed and the data analyzed using the SPSS 17 software.. There was a significant difference between stress scores before and after of the intervention in both groups (p=0. 00). Mean difference of clinical environment stress factors in two groups were not statistically significant (p=0. 99). Peer-mentoring program is not significant effective on clinical environment stress reduction.

Peripheral nerve injuries which can lead to a physical disability. If the defect is very low، direct suture without tension on both ends of the cut nerve regeneration is considered as a standard procedure. Otherwise، to reconstruct the axons، the gap must be filled by graft material in order to the guidance. Due to the similarity of the matrix tubular skeletal muscle and nerve muscles graft was used to repair in this study. In the present experimental study، 42 female Wistar rats were divided into three groups and underwent surgery. In the first group a narrow strip of muscle was prepared by freezing – thawing، and later sutured between the distal and proximal sciatic nerve. In the second group، the gap caused by muscle graft was regenerated and the nerve growth factor and laminin was injected into the graft. In the control group، the two ends of the cut nerve were hidden beneath the adjacent muscles. Next، a group of rats with sciatic functional index was investigated for the behavioral. On the other group were examined for histological studies after two months. Sciatic functional index and Mean counts of myelinated fibers in two graft groups compared with the control group was significant) p<0. 05). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test. co-axially aligned muscle grafts were an appropriate alternative substitute for repairing. It seems that the nerve growth factor and laminin have a positive role in axonal regeneration and functional recovery acceleration.

Marital conflicts are a lack of continuous and significant agreement between two spouses that provide unpleasant consequences for couples and families and create background for family breakdown. The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of marital conflict problem solving methods in Yasuj. Iran. In the present study، from all couples who had marital conflict referred to family counseling in Yasuj، Iran. 40 subjects (20 couples) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Measuring tools for marital conflict was questionnaire. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the significance of difference between the experimental and control groups. The mean scores of marital conflict test group was (4/104)، below the mean of control group (14/119). Whereas in other sub-scales (cooperation، sexuality، emotional response، protection of children، relationship with relatives، relationship with wife’s relatives and finance) the mean scores of experimental group was lower than controls (p <0. 01). The method of the problem solving reduced the marital conflict of couples. In the method of solving problem with understanding and investigation of differences، the method of encounter and marital conflicts are considered. At the end، the most practical and efficient solution will be chosen and carried out.