مقالات رزومه دکتر قدرت الله بهبودی نژاد

The paper focuses on the rivalry between China and the United States in the Middle East and examines how China has acted in the face of US sanctions against Iran, despite the threat of sanctions for countries that violate them. Iran is facing sanctions whose purpose is economic collapse and pressure on this country to submit to the demands of the United States. Tensions between the United States and Iran have been steadily rising since the country withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2018. However, in addition to internal challenges for Iran, sanctions are also an obstacle for foreign relations. Due to the maximum pressure policy of the United States with the aim of economic isolation of Iran, trade is facing difficulties. Iran must maintain its most important trading partners to ensure a degree of economic stability. While China is Iran's biggest trading partner, it has to deal with these conditions. In various sectors, sanctions are obstacles in the way of China-Iran relations, such as investment, crude oil trade or the implementation of projects in Iran. These are the challenges that both countries must overcome to maintain exchanges. Considering that sanctions are the main factor preventing the continuation of relations between these two countries, this research asks: Why does China want to maintain close relations with Iran despite US sanctions? And what effects does China's rise to power have on the relations of this emerging power with America in the Middle East region?

Energy security is a cornerstone of foreign policy of the great powers. Energy resources of the Caspian Sea and Central Asia as two critical geopolitical areas are of great importance for regional and trans-regional states. Due to the huge opportunities these two regions present out of the OPEC context, they have appeared as a large chess board. Aimed at energy security and providing diversity of resources, the Caspian region is a great competition scene for players like the US, China, the EU, Russia, Iran, and India. There exists a great game of oil policies and pipeline diplomacies in this region. The present article aims to provide answer for the question what are the challenges and opportunities of the great powers plans in the Central Asia and Caspian for Iran and what are the policy options of Iran to tackle the Challenges? Iran’s policy options in this rivalry is to make efforts to get rid of the sanctions, adopt an economic diplomacy, strengthen domestic infrastructures in order to implement economic activities in the region, contribute to economic plans of great powers in the region and economic investment and partnership with the regional countries in bilateral and multilateral frameworks.

Since September 2015 and the Russian military intervention in the country, the interests in Syria have been numerous and of great importance for the actors involved in this conflict. Russia, like the Allies and opponents of the Bashar Al-Assad regime, is fighting for geopolitical, geo-economic, or ideological reasons. The Middle East region finds itself shaken by the sharp resurgence of a confrontation between actors allied to the United States, other allies of Russia, and this Syrian crisis thus impacts the geopolitical configuration of the region. This paper presents an analysis of the Russian intervention strategy in Syria. The question is, why did Russia intervene in the Syrian civil war? The hypothesis is that Russia intervened in Syria to strengthen the already existing Russian-Syrian alliance, curb extremist proliferation, and take advantage of Syria's strategic position. The objective is to determine the reasons for the Russian military intervention in Syria related to energy and geo-economic interests. The Russian intervention in Syria was an ideal opportunity to draw closer to several powerful states in the region and a way to benefit from positive spin-offs on its arms market and hydrocarbon road plans. Despite the risks and costs associated with defending the Syrian regime, Moscow has secured its political and economic power in the Middle East. This research is based on a qualitative research method using data collection and analysis tools.

Regional integration or convergence and cooperation, is one of the main topic of international discourse. Meanwhile, the progress of scientific research in Central Asia in this respect is not sufficient. In this article, an attempt into scientific understanding of the processes taking place in Central Asia and, more broadly, Eurasia; an attempt to comprehend how do they correlate with the real course of regional integration are represented. The analysis of the gradual development of the post-Soviet area leads to the results that have ambiguous definitions. The questions are whether the integration phenomena that are still transforming and ot finalized yet can be defined as real integration? or whether or not Central Asia can be referred to as a true geopolitical region? The hypothesis is that the ideas of integration among Central Asian countries have not been successful due to the confusion of States and internal problems, and the integration ideas presented by trans-regional actors do not have a clear vision. Along with this, it is appropriate to to draw parallels and determine correlation bonds between the mechanisms and the institutes of the functioning regional association. of the integration type (the EAEU) with the Eurasian idea projects proposed by the the post-Soviet area countries. In this article, try to analyse in a bundle the selected issues of the political idea (projects) regarding regional integration and its prospects.

Abstract: The Middle East faces a fragile and turbulent decade ahead. A forceful obstacle to sustainable peace and development in the region has been the heated rivalry unfolding between Iran and those countries opposed to it led by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Israel, and strongly supported by the US. The Donald Trump administration’s aggressive stance on Iran is likely to fuel the regional tensions. The question is, "What are the consequences of the geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the European countries and how can the European Union play a role in the process of stability and security in the Middle East?" Its a hypothesis, European actors need to delicately navigate the region’s geopolitical tensions and use the limited leverage they have to push against the current trend towards greater instability and perhaps a wider interregional and global conflict. The findings of this research have shown that if Europe does not act decisively on the issues of the Middle East and Iran's nuclear agreement and does not resist American unilateralism, Europe will face problems in the Middle East, including the refugee crisis and security problems. This research is a descriptive-analytical and Futurology research method.