a. ebrahimi

Due to the increase in satellite-based positioning applications and their importance in daily life, the need for high-sensitivity receivers to acquire weak signals in limited environments such as tunnels, environments with tall buildings and streets between them, and similar things seems necessary. In a software receiver, the first and most important step is the acquisition of GPS signals. The purpose of this step is to determine the visible satellites and find the approximate values of the carrier frequency and code delay of the signals sent from the satellites. GPS receivers in weak signal conditions often face the problems of Doppler code and navigation data bit sign transition, which reduce the output SNR of the acquisition stage. One of the new methods that can overcome the problems of Doppler code and navigation data bit sign transition is the Improved Semi-bit Compensation (ISBC) acquisition method. This paper has implemented this method in the FPGA platform. In addition, due to the multiplicity of signal processing steps in GPS receivers, this paper has achieved an improvement in implementation by simplifying its design and implementation steps, compared to the previous methods, and with the minimum SNR value of -43.3dB, it has been able to successfully pay for the acquisition of at least four satellites.

This paper deals with the design of a low power, high-gain, low noise and high-dynamic range receiver dedicated for photoplethysmography (PPG) signal sensing. A current measurement system utilizing a large DC cancelation block, implemented in 180nm CMOS technology. The shunt feedback trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) is designed to detect and sense low currents, producing a voltage output. It exhibits a noise floor of 39.7 pArms within the frequency range of 0.5-10Hz. The receiver gain is 147.6dBΩ. The receiver incorporates a fine and coarse steps gain control block (FaCGC) and a DC cancelation block capable of handling up to 100µA, thereby enabling a wide dynamic range. The proposed system exhibits characteristics such as low noise and wide dynamic range, rendering it well-suited for the precise measurement of ultra-low current. Consequently, this system holds significant potential for application in biosensor technology. The chip has a footprint of 0.121mm2 area and operates with a power consumption of 40.14 micro-watts, drawing power from supply voltages of ±0.9 volts. The post-layout simulation reveals a lower frequency limit below 1mHz, while the upper limits of its application band can be extended up to 100 Hz.

Here, we report a non-smoker, a 38-year-old male patient with High-Grade Glioma (HGG). The patient with the initial signs of swelling of his left arm and leg and dizziness without any nausea and vomiting and other neurological symptoms was referred to a neurosurgeon and then underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The MRI showed the enhancement in T1 and T2 and flair. The radiologist suggested a tumor probably, HGG. The patient was treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with a total dose of 54 Gy in 27 fractions combined with the Temozolomide (TMZ) regime (75 mg/m2/day). The patient was prescribed 140 mg TMZ per day. By mistake, the patient received a 280 mg drug dose daily for 29 days. Due to this miscalculation, he was hospitalized and recovered for one month. After 30 months he is alive and is free of progression according to the MRI.

The simulation of nonlinear surface waves is of significant importance in safety studies of fluid containers and reservoirs. In this paper, nonlinear free surface flows are simulated using a fixed grid method which employs local exponential basis functions (EBFs). Assuming the flow to be inviscid and irrotational, the velocity potential Laplace’s equation is spatially discretized and solved by considering the nonlinear Bernoulli’s equation for irrotational flow as the boundary condition on the free surface. The nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed through a semi-implicit iterative time marching. The fixed grid feature of the method, based on a Lagrangian description of fluid flow, allows for retaining the portion of the discretization performed in the first time step for the bulk of the fluid. Thus, the portion which pertains to the regions near the moving boundaries is reprocessed during the time marching.  The accuracy and efficiency of the existing solution is shown by simulating various problems such as liquid sloshing induced by external excitation of the reservoir or initial deformed shape of liquid, seiche phenomena and solitary wave propagation in a basin with constant depth or with a step, and comparing the results with those which are analytically available or those from available codes such as Abaqus.  The proposed method shows far better stability of the results when compared with those of Abaqus which sometimes exhibit divergence after a relatively large number of time steps. For instance, in the propagation of the considered solitary wave in an infinite-like domain problem, the wave height is calculated by the maximum error of 1.6% and 9% using the present method and Abaqus, respectively.

Compliant offshore tension leg platforms (TLP) are adaptive platforms with a vertical mooring system. These types of platforms are usually used in deep water. Adding sufficient initial tension to the mooring, the vertical movements of the structure will be reduced. Tendons, body, and deck are different components of this platform, with the body being the most important in terms of hydrodynamic forces, weight, and cost. In this study, an investigation is done on a TLP with a wind turbine by numerical analysis. The boundary element and the finite volume method were carried out in this work in the Caspian Sea. Then the platform was analyzed at a depth of 150 meters, under the influence of wind, current, and irregular waves with one and 100-year return period, and at a zero-degree wave angle. The results of the two numerical approaches are very close and almost identical. The tension leg platform was stable in the different irregular waves. Also, the response amplitude operator calculated using two numerical methods has a good agreement.

Recent researches have indicated that phytochemicals compounds are important as antioxidants and antimicrobials in food. The use of nano carrier-based formulations in controlled release and protection of these compounds is an effective way to maintain these properties. In this study, Iranian shallot with the scientific name of Allium stipitatum Regel has been used due to the unique phytochemicals of this plant. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the synthesized nano-phytosomes containing shallot phytochemical compounds and their antimicrobial effects in comparison with shallot extract.

An aqueous-alcoholic extract of shallot was obtained from dried shallot. The structure of the nano-phytosome was prepared by the thin layer hydroxylation method. The structure of the synthesized nano-phytosomes was examined by SEM microscope and dynamic light scattering DLS. Finally, antimicrobial properties were evaluated on Escherichia coli bacteria. Antibacterial assay was performed using MIC and MBC tests for shallot extract and nano-phytosome samples at successive concentrations of the sample.

Structure study of nano-phytosomes indicated the spherical shape and size between 5-10 nm of nano-phytosomes. Dispersion of nano-phytosomes in the colloidal medium was observed in a suitable form and PDI index equal to 0.586. The results of microbial tests showed that the effect of nano-phytosomes on bacteria was significantly greater than the antimicrobial power of nano phytosomes compared to shallot extract on Escherichia coli samples.

This study can prove the effect of shallot extract nano-phytosome as an antimicrobial nanobiostructure.

The instability of the spacecraft and its deviation from the desired attitude is the product of the phenomenon of fluid sloshing in its tank. This is especially important while maneuvering, so that lack of attention leads to the failure of the space mission. In this paper, for the first time, a moving pulse two-ball model is used to model fuel sloshing in the semi-full tank of the spacecraft. As well as for the first time, for simultaneous control of the spacecraft and fuel sloshing, a classical controller, an LQR controller and a Lyapunov nonlinear controller have been designed. Fuel sloshing was modeled using the moving pulse two-ball model and the coupled dynamics equations of the spacecraft and the fuel masses are derived using Lagrangian equations. The results of simulations show that the proposed modeling and designed controllers to simultaneously control the fuel sloshing and attitude of the spacecraft have an acceptable.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) is a spicy medicinal plant with antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanol extract of fresh ginger rhizome on inhibiting HCT-116 colon cancer cells and the expression of TGFBR2 and DDC genes as tumor suppressor genes and β-Actin gene as reference gene. HPLC analysis was used to identify and measure the amount of 6-gingerol in the extract. Toxicity of different concentrations of the complete extract (0, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, and 500 μg.ml-1) on the HTC-116 cell line was investigated using the MTT test, 16 and 24 hours after the start of the test (at 16 and 24). The expression of TGFBT2, DCC, and β-Actin genes was assessed by RT-PCR after treatment with concentrations of 150 and 300 μg.ml-1 of the complete extract at 16 and 24 hours. The amount of 6-gingerol was obtained 86.2 ± 2.03 mg per 100 g dry weight of ginger ethanol extract powder based on the HPLC results. The MTT test results showed that IC50 was 80.44 at 16 h and 473.19 at 24 h. Cell mortality was significantly increased at concentrations of 150 and 300 μg.ml-1 of the extract. Also, expression of the TGFBT2 and DCC genes increased at 150 μg.ml-1 at both 24 and 16 hours significantly (P<0.01). The present research proved the ginger extract effect on tumor inhibitory genes induction in HCT-116 colon cancer cell line.

Iranian mangrove forests provides valuable information to prevent genetic erosion in the gene pool of these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity among mangrove forests located in four different regions of Iran, based on morphological characteristics and microsatellite markers. Cluster analysis of molecular data, using neighbor joining algorithm classified the 60 mangrove trees, sampled from different coastal areas, into four groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the majority (77%) of the variance explained by among-population variation and the highest values of genetic diversity parameters including number of effective alleles, Shannon’s information index, and Nei’s genetic diversity were obtained for the Qeshm population, indicating that region is the most diverse population among all the studied populations. Baced on the morphological analyses significant differences were observed between all populations in terms of height, diameter at breast height, collar diameter, leaf size, pneumatophore length and pneumatophore diameter. The present study, provides useful information about genetic diversity of mangrove habitats which can be used in evolutionary studies and conservation efforts for these valuable plant ecosystems.

Particulate matter emission is an important threat to sustainable development due to its various effects on the atmosphere. Particulate matter originates from natural sources or human activities. Since Birjand is located between Sistan plain and Karakum desert, numerous dust events have been reported in this area. In the present study, concentration of PM10 was divided into annual, seasonal, monthly, weekly, and hourly time scales from 2014 to 2018. HYSPLIT model and AOD products were used for examining the movement pattern and origins of the particles. Pearson correlation was calculated between the frequency of dusty days and climate variables. The results revealed that PM10 concentration and dusty days frequency trends were similar. Additionally, the mean temperature and wind speed had a similar trend as PM10 concentration. Furthermore, PM10 was significantly related to dust and most of the climate variables. The closest correlation of PM10 was with dusty days in seasonal (Pearson correlation = 0.494) and monthly (Pearson correlation = 0.619) time scales. Based on PM10 daily concentration, 34 unhealthy days were identified. To track the particles on unhealthy days, HYSPLIT model was employed. Except in spring, the wind roses showed that the main direction of the wind was to the west. Meanwhile, based on AOD images, the particles originated from dust sources. A big amount of PM10 concentration originated from the surrounding regions, and the majority of dust particles came from the north. Therefore, the local climate variables as well as dust events of the surrounding regions had crucial roles in the rise in PM10 concentration, which should be taken into consideration by managers so that PM10 concentration could be taken under control.

Darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine is an appropriate choice for local electricity generation in urban environments. The major aerodynamical challenge in these turbines is dynamic stall which drastically affects the aerodynamic performance of the turbine. In this study, the effect of plasma actuator on aerodynamic performance of a Darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine was numerically investigated. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations were employed, accompanied with k-ω SST turbulence model. Suzen-Hoang model was used to model plasma actuator that calculates body force source term representing plasma actuator effects. The pressure-based finite volume method was utilized to solve the governing equations. First, the physics of dynamic stall in turbine blade was explored. Results show that the contribution of connection point moment in instantaneous moment of a blade is more than 25 percent. Moreover, counter clock-wise vortex in the suction side of blade was found to have a significant role in the blade's performance. To study plasma actuator effects, three test cases of inboard, outboard, and two side actuation, were considered and compared with the clean blade (no plasma actuator). The inboard plasma actuator weakened the dynamic stall vortex, increased lift, and decrease drag force in the down-stroke motion of the blade. Nevertheless, plasma has no effect during the up-stroke motion since the flow is attached to the blade's surface. The inboard actuation is effective for blade azimuth angles in the range of 70 to 180 degrees, and the outboard actuation is effective in blade azimuth angles between 180 to 290 degrees. In conclusion, plasma actuator leads to a 10 percent enhancement in power production for inboard actuation and two-sided actuation, but no significant effects were observed for outboard actuation.

Among cereals, barley (Hordeum vulgre L.) is the most salt-tolerant crop‚ and is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions. Identification and expression analysis of genes involved in stress tolerance is considered one of the effective approaches to improve plant tolerance to salinity. In the present study, effects of salinity stress were investigated on the expression of SOS1, NHX1, and HvHKT3 genes in barley seedling plants. Based on results, the 200 mM NaCl treatment increased the expression of studied genes by 12.87, 2.19, and 2.54% compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, there is a significant difference among the tested genotypes in terms of all studied genes. Means comparison revealed that G3 (D10*2/4/Productive/3/Roho//Alger/Ceres362-1-1) showed the higher relative expressions for SOS1, NHX1, and HvHKT3 genes compared with another genotype and the check genotype (cv. Mehr). Hence, it seems that this genotype has considerable potential to use in breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance in barley due to its salinity tolerance. In conclusion, our results indicated the role of antiporters genes in barley in response to salinity stress.

Bladder hernias occur in 1% to 4% of cases in the inguinal area. The hernial sac may contain any part of the bladder, such as the bladder diverticulum, all or part of the bladder and ureter. Most of these hernias are diagnosed during surgery. Delay in diagnosis can lead to serious complications and even death. The aim of this case report is to introduce a patient with a rare hernia of the bladder diverticulum in the inguinal region.

 The patient is a 58-year-old man who referred to Namazi Hospital in Shiraz with a bulge in the right inguinal region with symptoms of incarcerated hernia. The patient complained of pain and swelling in the right inguinal region and did not show any signs or symptoms of urinary tract involvement. During laparotomy, the mass was found to be connected to the bladder and the patient underwent inguinal hernia repair. The patient was discharged from the hospital one day after the operation without any problems. No complications were reported in follow-up two months after surgery.

According to our report, hernia of the urinary bladder diverticulum in the inguinal region may be asymptomatic. Therefore, accurate reporting of the patient's history and previous problems and diseases is required for careful surgical planning to prevent severe complications, including bladder injury in these people.

Moral sensitivity is the first component of doing an ethical action. In fact, moral behavior of people in the context of social communications generally underlies in the realm of moral sensitivity. This research examines the predictors of moral sensitivity in teachers.

This research was a descriptive-correlational study in the population of elementary school teachers in Sanandaj city. The sample consisted of 285 people (206 women and 79 men) selected by stratified-stratified sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire in three dimensions: moral sensitivity, psychological well-being and meaning of life. Data analysis was performed using multivariate regression tests.

The findings showed that variables of meaning of life and psychological well-being could predict moral sensitivity. Among components of the meaning of life and psychological well-being, the components of meaning search, self-acceptance, independence and environmental mastery have a significant relationship with moral sensitivity. Environmental mastery had the highest predictive power and the component of independence was the weakest predictor.

In the process of selection and recruitment of teachers, the variables of psychological well-being and meaning of life and moral sensitivity should be considered, also in in-service training courses these variables should be strengthened and developed.

In the 2016-2017 crop year, an experiment was conducted in Irandegan, Khash city, Sistan and Baluchestan province under heat stress conditions in a split plot design in randomized complete blocks with three replications to investigate the effect of heat stress on yield and yield components of a number of rice cultivars. The main factor was the use of Shafaq, Shiroodi, Basmati, and Hir cultivars, while the sub-factor was planting on April 9th, April 30th, and May 22nd. According to the results of the analysis of variance, the interaction of cultivar with planting date affected straw weight, flag leaf length, grain weight, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, production efficiency, percentage of inoculated seeds, percentage of hollow seeds, and percentage of gypsum seeds. Plant height and spike length also differed significantly across varieties. In addition, planting date and cultivar had an effect on the quantity of seeds per sike. The highest straw weight (2046.3 g/m2) was obtained on April 30th in the Basmati cultivar, the highest grain yield (5688.7 kg / ha) on May 22nd in the Shafaq cultivar, the highest percentage of inoculated seeds (89.7 percent) on May 22nd in the Hir cultivar, and the highest percentage of gypsum seeds (73.33 percent) on May 22nd in the Basmati cultivar. In the face of heat stress, the Shafaq cultivar maintained a satisfactory yield. According to the findings, the greatest yield is associated with May 22nd, and the best cultivar to suggest growing in the area based on the highest yield is Shafaq.

The center of origin of quince is Talysh region in northwest of Iran and the Caucasus. There are numerous centers of diversity of this tree species in Iran, Republic of Azerbaijan, Turkey and Europe. In this study, the genetic relationships of genotypes and cultivars of quinces collected from the center of origin of this tree species in the west of Guilan in Iran and the Caucasus region were compared with the genotypes and cultivars from different centers of diversity of this species in Khorasan, Isfahan, Ardabil, Western Azarbaijan and Tehran provinces in Iran as well as genotypes from Turkey and Europe using 12 and 14 pairs of SSR markers developed from apple and pear. SSR markers were successfully transferred to the quinces and led to the distinction of Japanese and Chinese quinces from the genotypes belong to the genus Cydonia, and also grouped 63 quince genotypes in seven clusters. The highest allelic frequency (0.968) was observed in CH03g06 and KU10 markers. The germplasm of Europe was clustered in an independent group, while Quince C was grouped with the germplasm of northwest of Iran and the Caucasus. Analysis of genetic structure of the germplasm approved the results of cluster analysis and confirmed the previous reports in relation to two independent evolutionary pathways of the quinces from the Caucasus and northwest of Iran to Turkey and Europe, and the second pathway toward central and northeast regions of Iran. Comparison of these evolutionary relationships of the quince genotypes with the previous reports on morphological and organoleptic evaluations of fruits indicated that each group of identified germplasm has different breeding potential for being used in quince breeding programs.

In the present study, effect of current, welding speed and preheat temperature during FB-TIG welding of AA5083 aluminum alloy was studied. Using the Taguchi method, 9 different tests were designed to investigate the effect of welding parameters on the penetration depth. Consistent with predictions, increasing the current and preheat temperature, and reducing the welding speed led to an increase in penetration depth. The maximum penetration depth of 8.02 mm was achieved at the current of 220 A, welding speed of 120 mm/min, and the preheat temperature of 100 °C. Taguchi analysis showed that increasing the welding current and preheat temperature had a more significant effect than the welding speed. Microstructural analysis indicated that the weld metal is fine-grained, along with coarse-grain in the HAZ of all samples. Many pores were observed in the samples with high welding speed and high welding current in the fusion zone. The sample with the highest heat input had the highest penetration depth. This sample had the highest elongation, equal to 69% of the base metal. Moreover, microhardness test demonstrated that the hardness of this sample dropped sharply from 70 Vickers to 58 Vickers in the HAZ.

The importance of navigation precision in high dynamic environments has led to integrating the Inertial Navigation System (INS) with satellite navigation systems. In one of those integration methods that INS is integrated with GPS, GPS outage is an unavoidable challenge. Moreover, due to significant noisy signal existing in low-cost MEMS sensors, navigation precision severely decreases, and the INS error will diverge in the long term. This paper improves the INS/GPS navigation system using Artificial Intelligence (AI) during GPS outage. In this approach, the INS outputs at t and t-1 are injected to the AI module as the positioning and timing information. While GPS is available, the AI module is trained, and its output is compared with the GPS output. The AI module indeed intents to drive the INS output to the GPS output during GPS outage. To evaluate this approach and compare with some different intelligence systems, we have utilized Neural Networks (NNs) as an AI module in five different NNs: multilayer perceptron (MLP(, radial basis function )RBF(, support vector regression (SVR(, Wavelet, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The required dataset to compare all five mentioned methods is gathered in a real environment by a mini-airplane. The results of all five methods represent that the proposed methods have superior performance compared to other traditional methods; so that the wavelet NN outperforms others by approximately 30%.

An area-efficient wideband receiver front-end for multi-standard receivers is presented. To handle large input signal levels, dual gain modes are employed in the LNA stage. For input signals lower than -17.5 dBm, a noise-canceling balun CG-CS LNA is employed. The LNA features a local feedback loop to reduce power consumption. For input signals in the range of from -17.5 to -5.2 dBm, the CG-CS LNA is bypassed with a balun unit-gain inverter stage. The proposed front-end shows better than -12 dB input matching for both gain modes in the frequency range of 0.4-3.4 GHz. Due to the lack of off-chip balun, the proposed front-end consumes low area. Moreover, the full differential structure leads to enhanced linearity performance. The post-layout simulation results in RF CMOS 0.18 µm process shows the conversion gain of 24.5/13.06 dB in HG/LG modes. The minimum DSB NF is 3.77/9.84 dB, and the third input intercept point (IIP3) is -7.29/-1.8 dBm. The circuit dissipates 12.93 mW with an active area of 0.073 mm2.

To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on the yield and yield components of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) in the different harvests, an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Karaj (Alborz province) in 2017. The experimental treatments included the harvest time and soil fertility methods. The results showed that the first harvest had higher plant height, number of sub-branches, and leaf area index and the second harvest had higher plant dry matter weight and chlorophyll content. With the soil fertility, the plant height, number of sub-branches, plant dry matter weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, essential oil yield, and nutrients uptake increased significantly. The highest plant height and number of sub-branches was obtained from the application of 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 96 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 120 kg ha-1 potassium treatment. The maximum dry matter weight of the plant was allocated to the combination of 20 t ha-1 manure with 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 64 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 80 kg ha-1 potassium. The highest essential oil yield was obtained from the 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 96 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 120 kg ha-1 potassium treatment which was statistically in the same group as the treatments including 40 t ha-1 manure, combination of 30 t ha-1 manure with mycorrhiza, and combination of 40 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 32 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 40 kg ha-1 potassium with 30 t ha-1 manure. Based on the results, the desired quantitative and qualitative yield in hyssop could be achieved with the integrated feeding method and use of biological and organic fertilizers.

Among important fungi associated with foods are Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and Geotrichum spp. In this study, we evaluated antifungal effects of Essential Oils (EOs) of Zataria multiflora, Mentha pulegium, and Mentha piperita.  

Antifungal properties of EOs of M. piperita, M. pulegium, and Z. multiflora against Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and Geotrichum candidum were determined by agar well diffusion and broth macrodilution method. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.

Among three studied plant EOs, Z. multiflora EO had the strongest antifungal activity (p<0.05) on tested fungi; so that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were 0.01 and 0.3% for G. candidum, 0.005 and 0.3% for Penicillium spp., and 0.1 and 0.3% for Aspergillus spp.

All three studied plant EOs showed antifungal activities. However, as Z. multiflora EO showed the most antifungal effect, it could be specially suggested as natural powerful antifungal preservatives in the food industry.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health problems in todaychr('39')s world that creates a threatening situation for the health and socioeconomic status of the affected person, his/her family and the whole society. Due to the fact that in chronic diseases, a spiritual crisis appears in the individual, this study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of spiritual health on resilience in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol in 2017-2018. Data were collected and analyzed using Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS) (Paloutzian & Ellison) with a score of 20-125 at three levels of low, medium and high, as well as Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) with a score of 20-125 at three levels of low, medium and high.

In this study, 5 (3.8%) patients had low, 81 (62.3%) had medium and 44 (33.8%) had high spiritual health. The mean score of spiritual health was 87.80±21.12 and was at a medium level. Furthermore, 6 patients (4.6%) had low resilience, 95 patients (73.1%) had medium and 29 patients (22.3%) had high resilience. The mean total resilience score was 86.63±19.48 and was at a medium level. The relationship between spiritual health and resilience was direct and significant (p<0.001, r=0.62).

The present study showed that spiritual health has a significant and positive relationship with resilience of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment.

Induction of anesthesia and surgery lead to metabolic changes and make it difficult for diabetic patients to control their blood sugar. Complications of kidney failure may also affect the management of anesthesia in these people. The present study was conducted to report three cases of anesthesia in patients undergoing simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation.

CASE REPORTS: 

The first patient was a 33-year-old woman, the second patient was a 28-year-old woman, and the third patient was a 27-year-old woman, all of whom had diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy and were under hemodialysis treatment. All patients underwent general anesthesia. Drugs used for anesthesia included midazolam, fentanyl, cisatracurium, and propofol. All patients underwent simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation. Postoperative condition of transplanted patients was favorable and they are still under the supervision of a physician.

Based on the results of this study, good management of anesthesia and the use of appropriate anesthetic drugs and control of hemodynamic conditions and pain management can improve the outcome of kidney-pancreas transplantation.

The coolant fluid inside the cooling channels may experience flow regime change and heat transfer deterioration. Heating methane at super-critical pressure results in a higher than pseudo-critical temperature and pseudo-phase change happens. Furthermore, in critical conditions, there is the possibility of heat transfer deterioration at high heat fluxes and low mass fluxes. In these areas, heat transfer from the wall to the fluid is disturbed due to the decrement in the heat transfer coefficient. Also, the wall temperature increases and there is the melting possibility of the engine wall. As a result, the study of this phenomenon is important for the thermal analysis of cryogenic methane for cooling applications. In the present article, a three-dimensional solver is developed for the simulation of the conjugate heat transfer inside a rectangular channel with trans-critical methane coolant. A finite volume scheme is utilized for the discretization of the governing equations. An iterative solution method based on the SIMPLEC algorithm is used to solve the equations. The solver is developed based on the thermodynamic and transport property relations corresponding to the coolant flow conditions in the trans-critical regime. The parametric study of the heat transfer deterioration phenomena is conducted utilizing the conjugate heat transfer simulations results of methane inside the MTP channel for heat transfer rate, inlet pressure and temperature, inlet mass flux, and different surface roughness. Further, a few relations are derived for predicting the onset of methane heat transfer deterioration along the rectangular cooling channel in a range of pressure from 6 MPa to 20 MPa. The relative error of derived relations with numerical data is less than 1 percent. Finally, some methods for controlling the heat transfer deterioration phenomena have been presented.

The objective of the current study is to determine the fatigue limit of a clean and high-performance material named as HSLA-100 steel and to compare the obtained fatigue limit with that of theoretically predicted fatigue limit by statistics of extreme value (SEV) method. Also, the size of inclusions located at the site of fatigue crack nucleation on the fracture surface of the fatigue test specimens is compared with the results of extreme value distribution of the inclusions as well as with that of analysis of inclusions found on the polished specimen. The fatigue cracks were initiated from globular inclusions in all fatigue test specimens. Analyzing the fatigue results showed that the SEV method can conservatively predict the planar fatigue limit of HSLA-100 steel. Also, the largest inclusion size predicted by (SEV) method was larger than that of what was observed at the fatigue crack initiation site as well as metallographic studies of polished specimens.