abbas javaheri

The need for amusement, entertainment and filling free time is one of the basic needs of human beings. The purpose of the present study is the systematic review of internal research in the field of child and adolescent entertainment. Systematic review method used in this research. This type of review is a purposive method to identify, select and evaluate relevant studies and collect information with a critical perspective. For this purpose, the keyword "entertainment" was searched in the databases of Noor Magz, Mag Iran, SID and Comprehensive Portal of Human Sciences. The number of articles were obtained by the initial search was about 300 Persian articles, which first of all was conducted by one researcher. In the next step, the researcher removed duplicate and unrelated articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally 28 articles were included in the research. By studying the conducted research, it can be said that a significant amount of research has concentrated on entertainment in terms of religious dos and don'ts, and other research has been addressed the entertainment issue in a limited way from other psychological, social and cultural terms. According to the role of entertainment in the children and adolescents‘s education and training in our country, it is necessary to study the role of entertainment in the mental health of children and adolescents and to pay attention to the impact of various social, cultural, economic and political conditions on entertainment.

Attachment research extends beyond infancy and childhood, with recent years witnessing increased investigation into adult attachment. Attachment predisposes individuals to developing and maintaining personal, social, and mental health problems. Therefore, assessing adult attachment is crucial for both applied psychologists and researchers. Various tools exist to measure adult attachment, and a systematic review of these tools can provide valuable guidance for researchers in attachment-related studies. The research data were obtained by searching databases such as SCOPUS, Science Direct, PsycArticles, SID, Magiran, and Noormags. The articles were assessed using the Cochrane systematic review method and the CASP and PRISMA checklists. Ultimately, the tools that met the research criteria were systematically reviewed and presented in tabular form. The database search yielded 2281 results, of which 33 studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated. Each tool was examined based on its type, authors, publication date, country of origin, tool category, number of items, description, sample size, focus of attachment in different relationships, psychometric properties, and the use of tool in Iran. Various attachment tools were evaluated based on different characteristics. The strongest research evidence for interview-based tools was found for the AAI by George et al. (1985), and for self-report tools, the AAS by Hazan and Shaver (1987). Researchers can select appropriate tools according to their specific research objectives.

The aim of the current research was to predict emotional reactivity based on object relations with the mediating role of mentalizing capacity. This study was carried out with the descriptive correlation method of structural equations type.The statistical population included married women in Tehran, and for this purpose, 272 samples were selected using available sampling method.The tools used were Emotional Reactivity scale (Nock et al., 2008), Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (Bell, 1995) and Reflective functioning questionnaire (Fonagy et al., 2016). The data was analyzed using path analysis with the help of spss 22 software.The fit indices showed the excellent fit of the data with the modified model and the results of the research showed that object relations both directly and indirectly through mentalization capacity can predict emotional reactivity. Slow nose and self-interview component among other components of object relations has contributed more in the explanation of emotional reactivity. Therefore, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the patterns of early mother-child relationships along with the ability to mentalize together can play a very important role in predicting emotional reactivity in adulthood.

 Marriage is the most significant bond that occurs between two individuals, and after marriage, sexual intercourse and intimacy are naturally and mutually expected from each couple. In some cases, couples are unable to engage in complete sexual relations, or in other words, vaginal intercourse, a condition defined as an "unconsummated marriage." The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with unconsummated marriage through a systematic review of existing research.

 The present study employed a systematic review of previous data and included a comprehensive and organized search of existing literature related to the topic in published works in the form of articles and theses in both Persian and English. Relevant keywords were searched in databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Irandoc, Magiran, and the Scientific Database of Jihad University from 1962 to 2023. In the initial search, 171 English and Persian articles were obtained. Then, using the PRISMA checklist indicators, 27 articles were selected for study and analysis. Relevance to the research objective, having a structured research framework, full-text availability, and publication in reputable journals were among the criteria for including research articles in the review process.

 The findings from the review indicated that the main factors associated with the formation or exacerbation of unconsummated marriage include sexual dysfunctions, misconceptions, unfamiliarity with sexual issues, performance anxiety, and unreasonable social or cultural pressures and expectations related to marriage.

 These results emphasize the urgent need to correct individual, social, and cultural misconceptions and emphasize the importance of proper and timely education on sexual issues, particularly in pre-marital counseling. Additionally, they highlight the necessity for immediate action by relevant authorities to reduce this issue.

 This present thesis has studied the causes and relationships of couples in post-pardon situations by examining the lived experience of women's betrayal. The objective is to identify the experience of forgiveness by betraying women. The current investigation is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. A comprehensive interview was performed with the ten women who visited three counseling centers in the 4th District of Tehran during the past year through targeted, accessible sampling. The women who had forgiven their husband's infidelity fulfilled the criteria for participation in this research. Data obtained from the interviewers were analyzed using the 7-step of Collazzi phenomenology method. After exploring the basic structure of the experience of the women interviewed, the significant statements became formulated and the results linked to the selection of twenty semantic units according to their six common points statements such as good quality relationship, women capabilities, stresses, and negative consequences of separation, religious beliefs, pleasant and unpleasant experiences after forgiveness and challenges for improving relationships. Finally, sub-topics were classified under two main themes, the reasons for the forgiveness of spouses and pleasurable experiences after pardon enhancing the quality of the couple's relationships. As a result, we might conclude that awareness of the lived experiences of betraying women and reasons for the forgiveness can assist therapists and counselors in providing more effective services so that their clients to cope with this issue more efficiently.

The purpose of the present research was to identify and explain the lived experience of single-child adolescent. This qualitative research was conducted in a phenomenological way with purposeful sampling through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the current study was single-child adolescent living in Tehran. The process of interviews continued until the saturation of the data was reached 14 participants. The method chosen for the analysis of the obtained data was the seven-step Claysey method. The findings of the present research provide four main categories of self-perception, interpersonal factors in the family, interpersonal factors with friends and interpersonal factors in school. We have 8 sub-categories obtained from this research. Also, 55 conceptual structures were among other findings of this research. The results of the present study showed that although single parenthood is a period that can bring benefits to individuals, especially teenagers, but in practice single parent teenagers have faced many challenges and issues. It seems that mental health experts can gain a deeper and better understanding of single-child teenagers by using the results of this research.

Pornography, encompassing explicit images, videos, audio, and written content, has adverse impacts on individuals' well-being. We aimed to explore the relationship between mental health and communication quality with parents and the use of pornography, considering the moderating effect of gender.

Quantitative data collection and descriptive-correlation analysis were employed. The study included university students in Tehran, Iran during the 2021-2022 academic year. Through purposive sampling, 210 participants completed an online questionnaire on Porsline. The survey assessed pornography use, quality of communication with parents, and general health. SPSS 23 software facilitated correlation and hierarchical regression analysis.

Gender significantly influenced pornography use (β=0.557). Anxiety symptoms (β=0.45) and social dysfunction (β=0.351) had significant positive effects on pornography use. Moreover, quality of relationships with parents, both mother (β=-0.47) and father (β=-0.27), exhibited negative associations with pornography use (P=0.01).

High quality relationships with parents, lower anxiety and social dysfunction could potentially decrease the likelihood of pornography use on the internet. It is recommended that educational efforts and cultural interventions focus on protecting young adults from the negative effects of pornography use. Such interventions may include psychoeducational training on effective communication skills, mental health literacy, and stress management skills.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of psychological capital through group counseling on the components of psychological capital and academic passion in female adolescent students. The research had a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group. The statistical population included all female adolescent students in the age range of 13 to 18 years in Semnan city in the academic year 2019-2020. Among them, 24 students were selected by random sampling and divided into experimental and control groups (n=12 per group). The samples were evaluated using Luthans’ psychological capital questionnaire (2007) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire by Pintrich et al. (1991). The findings showed that psychological capital training increases the total score of psychological capital (η2=0.58, F=29.77) and academic passion (η2=0.44, F=16.64) (P<0.01).

 The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Couples Coping Enhancement Training (CCET) on resilience and marital conflicts in couples during the transition to parenthood.

 This quasi-experimental research employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The population consisted of couples attending counseling centers in Shiraz in 2022, from whom 12 couples were selected using a volunteer-available sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (6 couples with training) or the control group (6 couples without training). The CCET training sessions for the experimental group were conducted over nine weekly two-hour sessions. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and the Sanaei Zaker and Barati Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2008). The data were analysed with analysis of variance with repeated measurements method using SPSS-25 software.

 Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS26. The findings indicated that CCET significantly enhanced resilience and reduced marital conflicts in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. Furthermore, the non-significant difference between post-test and follow-up scores in the experimental group suggests the lasting impact of CCET on resilience and marital conflicts in couples during the transition to parenthood.

 Therefore, CCET can be utilized to increase resilience among couples and aid in reducing marital conflicts post-childbirth.

The purpose of this research was to study the educational challenges of students after returning to school during the Corona. The research method was qualitative and phenomenology. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The population included all female students aged 15-18 in Tehran in 1400. Sampling was purposeful and interviews were continued until data saturation. The number of participants in this study was 10 people. Data were analyzed using the seven-step Collaizi method. The main themes of the study were "Challenges of attending class after returning to school during the corona" and "Challenges of changing academic style and adjustment after returning to school during the corona". According to the results of this study, face-to-face training after online training and quarantine faced students with serious challenges. In fact, the challenges of students in various dimensions show that future programs need to focus on preventing and reducing damage at home and at school. Therefore, the need for planning to reduce and manage students' challenges during the return to school will be essential.

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of psychological capital and early maladaptive schemas in marital boredom. The research method was descriptive multiple correlation. The statistical population included married men and women in Tehran who were selected as a sample using available sampling method of 215 people. Data was obtained using short version of Yang Schema Questionnaire (1994), Marital Burnout Questionnaire of Pines (1996) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire of Luthans (2007). For data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and path analysis were used. The software used included SPSS version 25. The results showed that in addition to the significant correlation between the schemas of the initial schemas and the components of psychological capital, also the schemas of the cut-off and exclusion domains and the schemas of the disrupted constraints along with the hope component were significant predictors of marital boredom. The research findings indicate that the schemas of the field of cut and exclusion. Disrupted constraints along with the hope component play a significant role in explaining marital boredom. Therefore, counselors and psychologists can benefit from the results obtained in the present study in the evaluation and treatment sessions of couples with marital boredom.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of spiritual well-being within the relationship between post traumatic growth (PTG) and the meaning of life in COVID-19 survivors In terms of methodology, the study is descriptive, and in terms of objectives, it is fundamental. The population of this research is the entire Corona virus survivors up until the end of Ordibehesht of 1400. 395 participants (281 females and 114 males) were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (1996), The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (2006) and The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (1992).  220 participants out of 395, identified their experience as “a traumatic experience”, therefore they met the qualifications to be included in the study. The data were analyzed using AMOS and LISREL.  The data of the structural equation modeling indicated that PTG had a direct effect on the meaning of life, in addition to its indirect effect through spiritual wellbeing as a mediator. In fact, these people Recreation the meaning of their lives through spiritual well-being. Therefore, it can be expected that the meaning of life of Corona virus survivors will be strengthened and changed through spiritual well-being.

The term “gender dysphoria” is used for those who experience a mismatch between their gender-related experience and the gender identity they have been assigned to when born. Recent studies show that students with gender dysphoria face unique challenges, and this also could create new challenges for school counselors working with them. The aim of this study was to present the opportunities and challenges school counselors face interacting with students with gender dysphoria. For the purpose of including relevant studies and resources, We used valid scientific databases such as Taylor & Francis, PubMed, Elsevier, Magiran, Noormags, and SID. We also included results found using Google Scholar and ScienceDirect to extend the breadth and depth of the review process. Moreover, we specifically included keywords such as “school counselor”, “gender identity”, “transexual”, “gender dysphoria” and “gender dissatisfaction”. Out of 60 related studies, 7 papers met the criteria for inclusion in this study. The results indicate the significance of counselor education in working with students with gender dysphoria; also, it highlights the necessity of more investigation about the topic and formulating intervention programs for working with the target population.

Students with learning disabilities often have difficulties in social skills and friendship. The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of friendship in students with learning disabilities. In this study, a qualitative research method was used with a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of this study was adolescents 10 to 14 years with learning disabilities in Tehran during the academic year of 1396-97. During the research, among the referring to educational counseling centers in 2 and 5 areas of Tehran, 10 Students with learning disabilities were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed by deep intervie. To analyze the data, Van Manen method was used. The results of qualitative analysis from interviews identified 3 main themes and 17 subthemes. The first theme was “communication problems” consisted subthemes (poor self-disclosure, distrust, instability in friendship, peer rejection, withdrawal, weakness in establishing friendship, circle restriction of friendship, isolation). The second theme was “need of intimacy” consisted subthemes (fear of loneliness, attention-seeking, feelings of humiliation, an ideal friend's image, a sense of need for support). And the third theme was “outcomes of favorite friendship” consisted subthemes (a supportive experience, an experience of sense of satisfaction, an exchange of intimacy, and empathy). The results of the research provide an insight into the identification of the quality of friendship among students with learning disabilities, and examining the experiences of these students around the friendship and indicate the limitations, differences and needs of the friendship in students with learning disabilities.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The effect of flunixin meglumine (FM) on MI is unknown. We investigated the protective effect of FM on the serum biochemical profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), and heart histology changes induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in adult male rats.

Rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each as follows: Group 1, control. Group 2, was administered ISO subcutaneously at 85 mg/kg for 2 days. Group 3 was administered FM intraperitoneally at 2 mg/kg/d, for 3 days; and Group 4 was administered FM 2mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 3 days and ISO 85mg/kg subcutaneously for two consecutive days. Blood samples were collected after anesthesia, 24h after the second ISO administration. The heart tissue was immediately removed for histopathological examination. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and serum MDA levels were measured on an autoanalyzer and spectrophotometer.

 In Group 4 (FM+ISO) the levels of AST, LDH and MDA decreased compared with those for Group 2 (ISO) (P< 0.05). Histopathologic tests revealed that ISO induced myocardial injury in Group 3 rats, whereas the alterations of the heart architecture were improved by FM in Group 4 (FM+ISO).

The results suggest that FM has a potential cardioprotective effect against an experimental model of MI in rats.

Femoral head osteotomy in cases of fractures or degenerative diseases is as a routine surgical procedure. Less duration of the healing period and the creation of minimal fibrous tissue and its replacement with bone tissue can be effective in return to health.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes following administration of platelet-rich plasma at the site of  removed femoral head in rabbits.

Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were distributed into two groups including: control (underwent femoral head osteotomy, FHO) and treatment (underwent FHO and planting the platelet-rich plasma on surgical site FHO₊ PRP). In both groups after general anesthesia, femoral head was removed using standard method. In group 2, pre-prepared auto log PRP was used at the site of surgery. After eight weeks all animals were euthanised, femur and its  surrounding healing tissues were cut 2cm  far from the head of femur and removed. Slides were prepared from each sample  through serial sectioning and were stained with H&E and Mason Trichrome. Qualitative changes such as granulation tissues, cartilage and bone formation and their organization and timeliness, thickness of collagen fibers and cellular changes were compared. To quantify the changes, whole surface of the Mason Trichrom stained samples underwent scan with ×50 magnifications and then area of different new formation tissues was measured. Average occupancy levels of each tissue, their ratio to whole surface of sample and to each other in two groups were calculated and compared.

In PRP treated group ratio of cartilage tissue to granulation tissue and formation of bone to granulation tissue is significantly more than these parameters in control group. Results indicate faster healing on the damaged area in group 2. Also in group 2, cartilage and bone tissues formation in the healing process was more orderly.

PRP could accelerate healing of bone tissue that is cut at the head of the rabbit’s femur. So it seems that the use of PRP as a treatment protocol in these cases could be suggested.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have emerged as human pathogens and con- tamination via animal origin has been a major public health concern. We compared the distribution of phylogenetic groups and prevalence of stx gene variants among the pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of diarrheatic calves in Tehran suburb farms. In this study we screened 140 diarrheatic calves (1-15 days old) for E. coli strains during a 3 months period of time. The isolated strains were grouped into different phylotypes according to the presence of chuA, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 genes. Then, the prevalence of stx gene subtypes was evaluated in the B phylotypes. From diarrheatic calves, 51 bacterial isolates were biochemically identified as E. coli and 31 isolates out of 51 were considered B phylotype using DNA Microarray technology. Of these isolates, 20 contained stx a and stx b and one harbored all mentioned variants of stx genes except stx b. This study showed that in Tehran suburb, the B phylotype of E. coli is prevalent as a causative agent of diarrhea in calves and the prevalence of stx gene subtypes is dominant in comparison with other subtypes. Considering the possibility that these stx genes can be spread to other strains, bovine E. coli strains are an important source of stx genes for other strains and further study and surveillance seems to be required for the exact identification of virulence profile of E. coli phylotypes in different hosts.

Urban neighborhoods are as the smallest unit of spatial organization in the city to urban stability. Neighborhoods development will be considered one of the main goals of planning the urban stability development and، it is key action to achieve stable development. Stable community development perspective، will strengthen the new approach، that the solving of the urban problems is perceived back to the concept of neighborhood. In this paper، the stability indicators in Mamuniyeh city neighborhoods'' level and accessing to the neighborhoods'' levels of inequality has been reviewed and analyzed till by emphasizing on stable development representatives، the levels of stability are analyzed in Mamuniyeh city neighborhoods. Research method is descriptive- analytic and method of collecting data is through questionnaires or interviews with residents. Statistical community of the research is all the people who are resident in Mamuniyeh city. Sample size based on Cochran formula is 250 and data analysis has been done by Spss software. Based on the results، the rate stability of Mamuniyeh city neighborhoods was bellower than average (5>2. 81>1 with middle comments 3). Between neighborhoods which were studied، only two Mamuniyeh and Asiyabak neighborhoods had good stable condition. For adaptive comparing of stability of neighborhoods، human development indicator was used so، the results show that there is a significant difference between Mamuniyeh city neighborhoods based on stability indicators.