abolfazl mohammadbeigi

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetic and immune-mediated disorder in which eating gluten reduces intestinal absorption and damages the mucosa and villi of the small intestine. This study was designed to investigate adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and health-related quality of life (QOL).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 patients with CD in Qom in 2023. Sampling was performed in an easy and accessible way from celiac patients. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests using SPSS 23.

The average age of the patients was 37.57±9.59 years, and 93% had a GFD. Gastrointestinal symptoms demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with GFD, age, marital status, and QOL (P<0.001). The percentage of patients’ QOL scores (39.57%) was lower than the average. Adherence to a GFD could predict favorable changes in patients’ QOL (β=0.71, P<0.001), and CD predicted gastrointestinal symptoms (β=0.64, P<0.001). The study model showed a good fit based on two important indicators of good model fit (χ2 /pdf=2.14 and RMSEA=0.069).

The results revealed that better adherence to the GFD leads to a better clinical response and a decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms, thereby improving the QOL of celiac patients.

Research has shown that maternal diabetes is an important factor in increasing the risk of various congenital heart defects. This research investigated the presence of cardiovascular abnormalities in infants born to diabetic mothers.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women who were referred to Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH) Hospital in Qom City, Iran, for echocardiography from 2021 to 2022. Sampling was done among diabetic and healthy pregnant women using a simple random method. First, the necessary information was collected through echocardiography findings in the patients’ files, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 26, and related tests.

In this study, 13 infants (14.4%) had a cardiac abnormality, of whom six infants (6.7%) were born to mothers with type 1 diabetes and seven infants (7.8%) were born to mothers with type 2 diabetes. No significant difference was found between the average age of the mothers (P=0.648), the gender of the infants (P=0.733), the weight of the infants (P=0.143), gestational status (P=0.229), maternal occupation (P=0.077), type of delivery (P=0.675), the Apgar score at one minute (P=0.709), and Apgar score at five minutes (P=0.736) between the two groups of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Babies born to mothers with diabetes are more likely to have congenital heart diseases (CHDs). It is recommended to use transthoracic echocardiography as a screening tool to diagnose CHDs in infants born to diabetic mothers.

 Leishmaniasis is one of the parasitic diseases prevalent in most countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan province in Iran from 2007 to 2018.

The present study was a cross-sectional study. The patients' demographic variables were extracted separately from 2007 to 2018 from the epidemiological information system of leishmaniasis in Isfahan Health Center. The collected data were analyzed using the STATA14 software at a significance level of 5%.

Information on 27,046 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis was registered at the Isfahan Health Center. Of these, 61.84% were male and 38.16% were female. The mean age of the infected individuals was 23.68 years, with a standard deviation of 18.63. Isfahan city had the highest incidence among all endemic and non-endemic areas of the province, with 71.4%. The predominant type was Leishmania major. Hands were the most vulnerable body parts, accounting for 36%.

According to the obtained results, the preventive interventions of the provincial health center have been effective and have led to a reduction in the incidence of the disease in the years following the implementation of these interventions. The sudden increase in disease cases in 2018 may serve as a warning sign of a potential shift in the disease and its spread in non-endemic areas of Isfahan Province. Additionally, considering the importance of leishmaniasis in this province, allocating a higher budget for public education, intensifying preventive measures, and conducting broader studies should be prioritized.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for effective treatment options for outpatients. Resigen and Remdesivir are two commonly used drugs, but their relative effectiveness in treating outpatients with COVID-19 is unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Resigen and Remdesivir in the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19.

The present study is a retrospective cohort study with an available sampling method by referring to the records of Mitla patients with covid 19 referred to the respiratory clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital (the group receiving interferon beta 1a) and reviewing the electronic files of the patients. Referrals to the specialized lung and emergency clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom with inpatient records (remdesivir receiving group) were conducted between April and August 2021 and the information was created, extracted and analyzed through the researcher's checklist.

The mean age of the patients was 48.12±14.36 years. Only 30 patients (6%) were hospitalized and 466 patients (94%) were treated as outpatients. This study found no significant association between hospitalization and mortality.

Our study suggests that early treatment with resection or remdesivir may reduce the risk of hospitalization and mortality in outpatients with COVID-19. These findings have implications for the management of COVID-19 in ambulatory settings.

Smoking is one of the most important harms and health problems in the world. In recent years, smoking has become popular among a number of students and this problem threatens the health of students. Emotional expression can have many effects on relationships, thoughts, behavior and body, and the lack of expression skills is related to the use of tobacco and drugs. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between emotional expression and factors related to the use of tobacco in students. .

In this descriptive study, 400 high school students of Rafsanjan city were selected by systematic sampling. Information was collected through a questionnaire based on 10 demographic questions, 16 emotional expression questions, and 51 questions related to factors related to smoking according to the self-reporting motivation theory.

The results showed that there is no significant relationship between emotional expressiveness and smoking-related factors based on the protection motivation theory (p=0/917). However, a significant relationship was found between smoking and hookah smoking among students and its related factors, except for the threat structure (p<0.001). Also, the chance of smoking in boys was 2.3 times that of girls.Discussion and

The study shows that there is a correlation between some constructs of the theory of protective motivation and emotional expression, so perhaps it is possible to reduce the tendency to use tobacco in teenagers by teaching and learning how to control some emotions by students.

With the outbreak of COVID-19, routine vaccination for immunization disrupted, especially in children. The present study was aims to compare the vaccination coverage for MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) in babies aged 12-18 months in Qom Province, Iran, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Vaccination coverage data in 2019 and 2020 (before and during the pandemic) was extracted from the children’s vaccination cards and the Sib system. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software using paired t-tests, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Spearman’s correlation test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean of delay time in the first and second doses of MMR vaccine was 14.48±26.95 and 20.67±28.74 days, respectively. The vaccination coverage decreased from 87.6% before the pandemic to 74.7% during the pandemic. The prevalence of non-vaccination increased from 12.4% before the pandemic to 25.3% during the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic was effective in reduced the MMR vaccination coverage in Qom Province and delayed receiving the vaccine in babies. These results are useful for use or planning in future pandemics, by designing appropriate interventions to promote and expand routine immunization coverage and provide safe vaccination services for children.

Respecting the patient's privacy by the treatment staff and the patient's mutual trust in them are potentially related to each other. Increasing awareness of the principles of protecting patients' privacy and gaining their trust by health system employees, especially nurses, has been the focus of researchers and health service managers. So far, in several studies, the patient's privacy and its relationship with the patient's trust in the nurse have been discussed, but its comparison in the two inpatient and emergency departments has received less attention.

This study was conducted with the aim of comparing patient privacy in inpatient and emergency departments and its relationship with patient trust in nurses in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom.

This study is a cross-sectional analytical method and was conducted in 1400-1401. The samples of this study include 110 patients from the emergency department and 110 patients from the inpatient departments of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom. The samples were obtained by the available method and from among the patients who were willing to participate in the study; were chosen. Data collection tools included privacy questionnaires and the patient-nurse trust scale (Radvin-Kayrel). Data were analyzed using Pearson's statistical test and SPSS 21 software.

In this study, the age range of the research samples was 18-70 years. Most of the research samples were male (50.50%), had a bachelor's degree or lower (72.30%) and housewives (46.40%) . The highest score of the trust questionnaire is in the inpatient department (89.03±13.11%) and the lowest score in the privacy questionnaire is in the spiritual-religious dimension in the inpatient department (79.19±19.39%). The highest score of the trust questionnaire is in the emergency department (84.51±13.92%) and the lowest score of the privacy questionnaire is in the spiritual-religious dimension in the emergency department (63.86±20.73). According to the results of this study, there was a correlation between the patient's privacy and the patient's trust in the nurse (Pv<0.05).

The results of this study showed that by increasing patients' privacy, patients' trust in nurses increases. According to the results of this study, nursing managers can increase patients' trust in nurses with educational programs in the field of patient privacy in the emergency department and inpatient departments.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by quantification of occupational stress using the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire as well as measuring the stress markers in the saliva, including cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA), in fourth to sixth-year dental students of Qom Dental School.

In the present study, 60 students were included. A clinical examination was first performed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD) criteria in order to determine the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) status, and then the DES questionnaire was completed in order to determine the occupational stress level of dental students. Finally, saliva samples were obtained from the students, and the levels of salivary cortisol and IgA were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Independent t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis (alpha=0.05).

The mean salivary levels of cortisol and IgA were found to be 4.74 ± 2.80 ng/mL and 220.26 ± 121.22 µg/mL, respectively. The mean DES score was 2.48 ± 0.58. Of all students, 24 (40%) suffered from TMDs. There was no correlation between cortisol and IgA levels and the DES score (P>0.05). No significant relationship was found between TMD and salivary cortisol, salivary IgA, or DES score (P>0.05).

Stress is one of the most important causes of TMDs. Although salivary biomarkers are known as useful markers for detection of stress in patients with TMDs, this issue was not confirmed in the present study.

The hormonal changes associated with puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause exert varying effects on the saliva and oral health of women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pregnancy and menopause on saliva (pH and flow rate) and oral health utilizing saliva sampling and oral examination.

This case-control study was performed on 120 women in three groups of pregnant women, menopause and control group (each group = 40). Subjects were evaluated for any oral lesions and were examined for DMFT, gingival index (GI) and community periodontal index (CPI), and their salivary flow rate and pH were measured. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Covarience, partial Spearman’s correlation coefficient, adjusted logistic re-gression.

According to the ANCOVA, there was a significant difference among groups based on the pH and salivary flow rate. The highest and lowest pH has been observed in menopausal (6.80±0.42) and pregnant (6.02±0.5) group, respectively. The mean salivary flow rate was highest in the pregnant group (2.91±0.92) and lowest in the menopausal group (2.12±0.85). There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of DMFT, CPI and GI after adjusting the effect of age as covariate. There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of xerostomia and hali-tosis (p <0.05).

Both pregnancy and menopause lead to alterations in oral health. In this investigation, the metrics of pH, xerostomia, and halitosis exhibited higher values in the menopausal group compared to the pregnant group.

The adverse effects of addiction relapse have always been major challenges in addiction treatment. Perceived social support and childhood trauma are determinants of drug addiction and relapse prevention. The current study aimed to predict drug addiction relapse based on perceived social support and childhood trauma in drug addiction treatment centers in Qom, Iran.  The present study examined 320 individuals, who visited drug addiction treatment centers in Qom, Iran and were selected using the purposive sampling method. The data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire, the Social Support Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Addiction Relapse Frequency Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson test, and multivariate regression. The research results indicated that 49.4% (n=158) of cases used opium. The results of multivariate regression of the factors related to addiction relapse indicated that the childhood trauma score had a significant effect on the relapse of more than 3 times in a way that childhood trauma increased the relapse rate of more than 3 times by 13%, but social support caused a significant reduction in the relapse rate of more than 3 times. The research findings indicated that addiction relapse had a significant relationship with childhood trauma and perceived social support. The results can be a guide for future studies to expand psychological knowledge about the determinants of the treatment and prevention of addiction relapse and help to develop psychological explanations of this disorder.

Milk and dairy products are important sources of food-borne pathogens. Non-pasteurized dairy products are popular due to home production, beliefs about their higher nutritional value, high accessibility, and taste.

This study aims to investigate the consumption pattern of local dairy products in women in Qom, Iran, in 2022, and determine the affecting factors.

In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2022, 319 women in Qom were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Their demographic information (age, educational level, employment status, and income) and consumption of local dairy products were surveyed. In addition, a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with 32 items and 4 subscales (attitude towards nutrition, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and nutritional behavior) was completed. The data was analyzed in SPSS software using ANOVA, and Chi-square test.

Overall, the consumption rate of local milk was 82.3 %; yogurt, 85.1 %; cheese, 57.3%; cream, 53.7 %; butter, 42.3 %; and curd, 33.9 %. Regarding the daily consumption rate, the highest consumption rate was related to milk (13.9 %) and yogurt (11.8 %), and the lowest consumption was related to curd (3.1%) and cream (5.1 %). The type of dairy consumed was significantly related to behavioral intention and nutritional attitude (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the type of consumed dairy in terms of the husband's occupation (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference in terms of educational level, marital status, employment status, and relationship with the villagers (P>0.05).

The prevalence of local dairy products consumption, especially milk and yogurt, is high in women living in Qom. Their behavioral intention to consume healthy dairy products is at good level, but they do not have proper nutritional attitude and nutritional behavior. Therefore, the risk of developing common zoonotic diseases, including brucellosis and crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is high in Qom.

In the severe form of Covid 19, the vital organs of the body experience dysfunction such as respiratory distress, which may eventually lead to the death of the patient. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Actmera drug on the recovery of patients suffering from the severe form of Covid-19 disease.

The present study was a retrospective cohort study. which was done in Kamkar Hospital in the summer of 2021. The studied data include age, sex, underlying disease, severity of pulmonary involvement, blood oxygen saturation percentage, duration of hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation, etc. candidate countries to receive Actmera drug, were extracted and compared..

70 patients (50%) were male and 70 patients (50%) were female. The average age of the patients was 55.96±14.18. Clinical symptoms, the average number of days dependent on a ventilator, the number of days receiving oxygen with a reserve bag and the number of days receiving nasal, the number of days hospitalized in the normal department, in the special care departments, as well as the OUTCOME of the patients did not have a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P >0.05). Among the laboratory variables of lymph flow, lactate dehydrogenase was not statistically significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). But the course of CRP level had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in blood oxygen saturation percentage in room air and blood oxygen saturation with auxiliary oxygen between the two groups (P<0.05).

The results showed that the drug Actmera was effective in the course of recovery and increasing the amount of blood lymphocytes and blood oxygen of the patients, but it did not have much effect in reducing the need for special care and the outcome of death. For this reason, there is a need for more clinical trials to prove the effectiveness of the drug.

Statement of the Problem: 

Management of gag reflex is a challenging process during many dental treatments. Various studies have been carried out to evaluate different pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques to control gagging.

The aim of this study is to review the available evidence on methods proposed for managing the gag reflex.

This systematic review adheres to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted in English and Persian based on articles published from 2015 to 2022 (February) in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ISC and SID. All studies were first screened based on their title and abstract. The quality assessment of articles was carried out by two independent authors. Then, risk of bias evaluation was conducted according to Cochrane parameters.

In total, 1704 studies were identified via search. After reviewing title and abstract, 16 studies found eligible based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following quality and risk of bias assessment, 9 studies included in the systematic review.

Based on the finding of this review, distraction techniques, nitrous oxide, and low-level laser therapy were found effective in management of gag reflex. The dentist should consider gag reflex management based on the type of dental treatment, gag severity, patient's age, and available capabilities.

COVID-19 can spread from human to human primarily through respiratory secretions. In this regard, dental procedures can pose a high risk of COVID-19 transmission. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of office employees in Qom, Iran regarding dental treatment during COVID-19 pandemic based on health belief model (HBM).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 510 office employees in Qom Province. Data collection tools included a demographic form and a KAP questionnaire based on the HBM constructs.

The mean age of participants was 36.7±9.1 and 252(52%) were female. The practice variable had a statistically significant relationship with perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived barriers (P<0.001), history of vaccination (P<0.001), and history of chronic diseases (P<0.001). Age had a significant relationship with perceived severity (P<0.001) and perceived benefits (P<0.001). Gender had a significant relationship only with perceived severity (P<0.001). Marital status had a significant relationship with knowledge (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001) and perceived barriers (P=0.03). Educational level had a significant relationship with knowledge (P=0.01), perceived severity (P<0.001), perceived benefits (P<0.001), perceived barriers (P<0.001). History of vaccination had a significant relationship with knowledge (P<0.001), perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity (P=0.02), and perceived benefits (P=0.02). History of chronic disease had a significant relationship with perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001), perceived benefits (P<0.001), and perceived barriers (P<0.001).

knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers of office employees in Qom regarding dental treatment during COVID-19 pandemic are at moderate level. Their perceived susceptibility and severity have a positive relationship with visiting dental clinics.

Postpartum is one of the most important and dangerous periods in the life of a mother and a newborn. The health behaviors of mothers are influenced by their attitudes. There is a possibility of improving the health behaviors of mothers through education, increasing public awareness and modifying attitudes. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of educational intervention on attitudes and behaviors. Maternal hygiene during the postpartum period was carried out in Qom province.

This study is a semi-experimental educational intervention that was conducted on 110 mothers during the postpartum period. The available mothers were selected from the health centers of Qom province and then they were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The duration of the intervention was four months and the trainings were conducted in four sessions, through uploading in the virtual space and one face-to-face session and follow-up of its feedback, until 42 days after delivery.

After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference in the components of women's postpartum health attitudes and behaviors, including general health behaviors, maternal behaviors, nutritional behaviors, infant-related behaviors, health attitudes, and standard postpartum health behaviors in the group. The test was observed compared to the control group (p<0.05).

The results of the present study showed that multimedia educational intervention with individual counseling and continuous communication with mothers based on scientific theories and qualitative study has a positive effect on mothers' health attitudes and behaviors in the postpartum period

Health indicators such maternal and child mortality rates are social indicators that are used to measure the development of each country. This study aims to investigate the status of maternal and child health indicators and total fertility rate in the last 10 years in Iran compared to the sustainable development goals (SDG) of the World Health Organization (WHO).

This is a systematic review study. A search was first conducted to find studies related to the study objectives in Iran from 2012 to 2022 in online databases of SID, IranDoc, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, using the keywords: Health, fertility, mothers, children. The results of the studies were compared with the SDG indicators of the WHO.

The initial search yielded 162 articles. After removing duplicates and screening the studies based on the inclusion criteria, finally 20 articles were selected for the review. The status of SDG indicators in Iran, except for neonatal mortality rate and low birth weight, was in accordance with the SDGs of the WHO until 2030.

In the last ten years, the status of most SDG indicators in Iran has been favorable. However, the attention should be paid to the factors affecting neonatal mortality rate and low birth weight to reduce their rates and improve the country’s health status.

Coronavirus disease, which has spread from China to the rest of the world, on the one hand, with a high prevalence and on the other hand, with a high mortality rate, is a problem that affects all age groups. Mortality is similar to others among the most important groups. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of coronary heart disease prevention behaviors in pregnant women based on the health belief model in pregnant women in Qom in 1400

This descriptive-applied study was performed on 20 pregnant women. The pre-test questionnaire was provided to the target group electronically using the relevant link. After one month, the questionnaire was completed again by all individuals. Data were collected in SPSS software and then statistically analyzed by parametric tests such as independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient.

The results of this study provided good evidence about the strength of the factor structure and the acceptable reliability of measuring instruments of health belief model on the promotion of coronary heart disease prevention behaviors in pregnant women in the study population. The scales obtained in this study can be used for similar and relevant research both thematically and in terms of the study population. Also on various other health issues, the need for such studies in the current epidemic of coronary heart disease is fully felt.

Although pregnancy brings great happiness to most women, it can cause stress and anxiety in many of them. This phenomenon is more severe in primigravida pregnant women, because they face these changes for the first time. This study aims to design and determine the validity and reliability of a stress management scale based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for primigravida pregnant women in Iran.

This descriptive study was conducted on 20 primigravida pregnant mothers in Qom City in 2022. The initial draft of the questionnaire was prepared and completed by the participants. The validity was assessed based on the opinions of 8 experts, and reliability was assessed using the test re-test method (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) and Cronbach’s α.

The final draft had 41 items. The obtained content validity ratio was 0.91 for attitude, 0.95 for perceived behavioral control, 0.91 for subjective norms, 0.81 for behavioral intention, and 0.93 for normative belief. The obtained and content validity index was 0.96 for attitude, 0.95 for perceived behavioral control, 0.99 for subjective norms, 0.97 for behavioral intention, and 0.95 for normative belief. Cronbach’s α calculated for the overall scale was 0.87, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.75.

The TPB-based instrument has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring stress management of primigravida pregnant women in Iran.

Musculoskeletal diseases have a high prevalence among dentists. Various risk factors, including unfavorable body position, are influential in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on adopting proper body position at work in dental students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom City, Iran, in 2022.

In this educational intervention, 80 clinical dental students in two groups of intervention and control were evaluated by a demographic questionnaire, the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, and a rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) worksheet. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and percentage, and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square, t test, paired t test, and McNemar Test (marginal homogeneity test).

No significant difference was reported in subjective norm constructs (P=0.790) and behavior constructs (P= 0.635) in the intervention group after the educational intervention. However, significant differences were observed in the attitude constructs (P=0.025), perceived behavioral control (P=0.031), and behavior intention (P=0.021). There was also a significant difference in the RULA score between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P=0.001).

Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior can effectively improve working posture. We saw an improvement in the RULA score and working posture in the intervention group. It is suggested that necessary engineering controls besides education in future educational programs are considered.

One of the effective methods for preventing infectious diseases, especially in children, is vaccination; if children are not fully, correctly and timely immunized, infectious diseases will threaten their lives. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on timely vaccination of children in Qom, Iran

This is an interventional study that was conducted on 100 mothers referred to comprehensive health centers in Qom, Iran for the 2-month and 4-month vaccination of their children with a delay of more than 10 days. After dividing them into two groups of intervention and control by the block randomization method (4 blocks), questionnaires were completed by both groups. Then, the intervention group received the online educational materials for two months. Two months later, the questionnaires were completed by both groups again and the time of their visit was checked.

The mean score of practice in both groups increased after two months, which was higher in the intervention group and this difference was significant (P<0.001).

HBM-based educational programs can be used to increase immunization coverage of children in Qom, Iran.

Management of pain and inflammation after third molar surgery is an important challenge of this treatment. Various medications have been proposed for pain control after surgery. Comparing the effectiveness of various drugs used in this field can improve dentists' clinical decisions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Ketorolac and Gelofen on pain relief in patients undergoing third molar surgery.

This randomized single-blinded clinical trial was performed on 140 patients who were divided into two groups of 70 after receiving the ethical code. The first group was prescribed 400 mg Gelofen capsule for 1 week, while the second group was prescribed 30 mg ketorolac ampule for 1 week. Then, using the visual analog scale (VAS), the patient’s pain was recorded 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after surgery. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS20 software by descriptive analysis of the results. Ki-square, T-test, and variance analysis were also used for analysis of variables.

The pain level in the ketorolac group after 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks following surgery was significantly less than Gelofen group (P<0.01). Ketorolac effect on pain was irrelevant to the gender, age, and type of tooth variables.

From the results, it was concluded that Ketorolac had greater effect on pain relief after third molar surgery than Gelofen.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, 8 million maternal deaths occur in the perinatal period every year, 98% of which are seen in developing countries. In Iran, the prevalence of stillbirth is 9.19 per 1000 live births. It is possible to improve the health behaviors of mothers by education, increasing knowledge and modifying attitudes. The present study aims to develop and determine the psychometric characteristics of a questionnaire for measuring the health-related attitudes and behaviors of Iranian mothers in the postpartum period.

This is a study with exploratory sequential design which was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methods on 200 pregnant mothers referred to health centers in Qom, Iran. In the qualitative phase, the items were formulated based on the literature. Psychometric study of the questionnaire were done using face validity, content validity (using two indicators of CVR and CVI), factor structure (using exploratory factor analysis) and reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability).

In the validity assessment stage, 5 items were removed from 61 items based on the opinions of 10 experts. After assessing content validity and reliability, 56 questions were confirmed. The Cronbach’s alpha for the whole questionnaire was obtained 0.84 ​​and the Pearson correlation coefficient was reported 0.86.

The designed tool with 56 items and 6 subscales has acceptable validity, reliability and factor structure for measuring Iranian mothers’ health-related, nutritional, and infant-related attitudes and behaviors in the postpartum period.

The carotid artery calcification (CAC) can be seen in panoramic radiographs that are usually used in dentistry. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CAC in Qom, Iran using panoramic radiographs, and find its related factors.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Panoramic radiographs of 417 patients aged ≥40 years referred to a specialized oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Qom city in 2021 were examined for the presence of CAC and a questionnaire was used to find the related risk factors. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, vertion 22 using Chi-square test and t-test.

Of 417 participants, 141 (33.8%) were male and 276 (66.2%) were female. The prevalence of CAC was 1.4%. There was a significant association between CAC and history of cardiovascular diseases (P=0.03), but the incidence of CAC had no association with the history of diabetes, smoking, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, and myocardial infarction (P>0.05).

The incidence of CAC is associated with the history of cardiovascular diseases. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.

In recent years, obesity has been increased in developing countries, especially among adolescents. Various measures have not been successful to prevent it. The present study aims to investigate the factors related to obesity prevention behaviors in female high school student in Qom, Iran based on the social cognitive theory (SCT).

This descriptive study was conducted on 104 high school girls who were randomly selected from two schools in Qom city. To collect data, a demographic form, the questionnaire based on the SCT constructs, fast food consumption questionnaire, unhealthy snack consumption questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, and the international physical activity questionnaire-short form were used. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test.

In terms of the SCT constructs, the mean score of awareness was 13.98 out of 24; the mean score of outcome expectations was 13.05 out of 20 (65.25%); the mean score of outcome evaluation was 47.27 out of 30 (91.56%); the mean score of observational learning was 26.08 out of 30 (55%); the mean score of reinforcement was 3.23 out of 25 (56.96%); the mean score of self-efficacy was 18.52 out of 25 (74.08%); and the mean score of self-control was 13.05 out of 25 (52.2%). The scores of the SCT constructs had a significant relationship with nutritional behaviors and physical activity. The results of analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of the constructs of outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and self-control were significantly related to the physical activity of students.

The SCT constructs can be good predictors for obesity prevention behaviors in female high school students. Planning and implementing interventions based on these constructs can be effective in improving their lifestyle and nutritional patterns.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and its association with endoscopic, histopathological findings, and clinical symptoms of children with dyspepsia referring to Masoumeh Children Hospital of Qom. The eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in children as well as the clinical response to dyspepsia in H. pylori-negative children, were evaluated.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 170 children 4 to 15 years old with dyspepsia referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom. After recording basic information about children such as age, sex, place of residence, and their disease history, these children were examined by endoscopy. Two biopsy specimens were obtained from the body and the antrum of the stomach. And if the rapid urease test and histology were positive for H. pylori tissue examination, the confirmed H. pylori infection would be considered in the child with H. pylori infection. Consequently, these patients were divided into two groups: H. pylori-positive and H. Pylori-negative. The two groups were compared for clinical signs and symptoms, endoscopic findings, and histological results.

85 patients (49.4%) were male and 87 patients (50.6%) were female. No significant relationship was found between the sex of the patients, place of residence, and H. pylori infection. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gastritis erosive, duodenitis, gastritis erythematosus, esophagitis, and acute inflammation in the antrum. No mass was found in both groups, and no hemorrhagic gastritis, ulcer, duodenal metaplasia, dysplasia, maltoma, H. pylori accumulation, or atrophy was recorded. In H. pylori-positive subjects in 83 patients (95.4%), chronic inflammation in the antrum was mild and in four patients, it was moderate (4.6%). This finding in H. pylori-negative patients, in 31 patients (36.5%) was not found, and in 54 patients (63.5%) was found. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the clinical signs, abdominal pain, heartburn, anorexia, burning, recent weight loss, hematomas, melena, the only clinical symptom of nausea in HP positive patients (37.9%) and HP negative in 46 patients (54.1%) had a significant difference between the two groups. Nodular gastritis was found in the endoscopic evaluation of 27 (31%) patients with H. pylori infection, significantly more than dyspeptic patients (15 cases) who were H. pylori negative.

According to the results of this study, no clinical signs other than nausea were correlated with H. pylori infection. In endoscopic findings, nodular gastritis has a significant correlation with H. pylori positivity, and according to the histopathological evaluation we significantly found more chronic gastritis in H. pylori infection.