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One of the issues that should be considered in relation to the educational system of each country is the difference between the planning of courses and the method of education in ordinary students and sages. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare general health, personality traits and academic self-efficacy in pre-university students of normal schools and academics.

the sample of this study consisted of 240 female students of pre-university schools in Rasht who were randomly selected according to Morgan's table. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, field and casual-comparative.

The findings showed that there was a positive and significant difference between the mean of  general health and personality traits (extraversion, pleasantness, conscientiousness, excitability and open-mindedness) of female pre-university students in Rasht schools (at a significance level of 0.03), but in terms of self-efficacy. Academic does not apply and there is no difference between academic self-efficacy in normal students and sages (at a significance level of 0.03).

According to these findings, it seems that normal school students have different personality traits and less general health compared to Farzanegan schools. Therefore, it is recommended that regular school students be given more attention by psychologists, counsellors and other staff as well as their families.

One of the main ongoing activities of the Veterans Service Organizations in all countries is need-assessing and identifying the mechanisms for satisfying the needs of war veterans and their families. This study aimed to prioritize the needs of less than 25% injured veterans on their own and their spouse's viewpoints in Guilan Province, Iran.Instrument & This combined research with exploratory-need assessment design was performed in 2 stages. At first, a qualitative research design was used in order to develop an assessment scale and mechanisms for satisfying the needs and then a cross-sectional descriptive research was employed. 384 less than 25% injured veterans and 141 of their spouses were randomly selected as study samples. A researcher-developed scale, designed in the first stage, was used for data collection. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21 software by Friedman test. Veterans were emphasized on psychological, educational, occupational, physical, and medical needs, respectively. Based on their spouses’ view, occupational need is the first priority and economical, psychological, educational, medical, and physical needs were positioned after it. Revising the level of injury and helping them to find jobs is the satisfying mechanism of less than 25% vetrans of Guilan Province, Iran, and their wives.

In this study, genetic fingerprinting of 44 Iranian native apple cultivars were done using 16 simple sequence repeat pairs of primers and then the association of these markers with 16 morphological and biochemical traits were inspected. Based on marker data, 45 alleles were identified using 16 SSR pairs of primers. The number of allele per SSR locus was varied between 2 to 5 with mean of 2.8. Here in, the mean of number of effective allele was 2.2. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.18 to 0.76 with mean of 0.49. To identify positive markers associated with studied traits, step wise regression was done among marker data as independent variables and studied traits as dependent variables. Results revealed that there is not any linked marker for traits including chlorophyll index, angle of branch and trunk cross sectional area. Considering to association analysis, thirteen traits include fruit volume, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit firmness, days to ripening, organic acid content, total soluble solids, vitamin C, pH, leaf size, internodes length and tree height had linked SSR markers. The maximum number of allele (6 alleles) was seen for days to ripening and minimum number of allele (1 allele) was seen for traits including PH, fruit weight, fruit firmness and tree height. Regarding linkage between some SSR alleles with some traits, this is possible to use these markers in apple breeding programs effectively.

Hepatitis B is a viral disease with high prevalence. Vaccination of at risk persons like medical students will preven of infection. Unfortunately immunologic response to the vaccines is not perfect sometimes and it is necessary to examine the immune response. In a cross-sectional study of 210 female students that have been vaccinated against hepatitis B at the dormitories of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd in 2013. After collecting demographic data, samplingof blood was done and antibody titer HBV was assessed by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and presented with chi-square test. Among 210 participants, 198 completed the 3 stages of vaccination against HBV and 91.9 % of participating in the study had adequate response against hepatitis. Also, there were no significant correlation between the immunity response, diabetes, family history, living in urban or rural and marriage condition. In this study immunity against hepatitis was in acceptable level. Health education and evaluation of immune responses against hepatitis in medical staff and students is very effective. Also revaccination for persons with low titers of antibody is essential.

The purpose of this study was the study of relationship between religious attitudes, locus of control and tendency to substance abuse among students of Guilan University. The research design was correlational design. For this purpose, 340 university students of Guilan University selected through Morgan table by cluster randome sampling. Allport religious orientation, Ratter locus of control and addiction potential scale administered among selected sample. The results showed significant relationship between religious attitude, locus of control and tendency to substance abuse. That is religious attitude, locus of control entered in regression model as significant predictors. Also there was significant relationship between religious attitude, and locus of control. Altogheder, results showed that people with internal religious attitude have internal locus of control and lower tendency to substance abuse. Also, people with external religious attitude have external locus of control and higher tendency to substance abuse. According to the results, we can conclude that religious attitude and locus of control play important role on tendency to substance abuse.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an annual, herbaceous plants belonging to the family of lamiaceae. Basil is used to as a herb, a spice as well as fresh vegetables. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of growth regulators such as auxin and cytokinin to identify the best hormonal concentration to obtain the highest yield of in vitro produced plantlets using nodal explants. Experiment was performed in factorial completely randomized design, using the basic MS. In this experiment the effects of different concentrations of BAP(0, 2/5, 5 and 7/5 mg/l) and indol acetic acid (0, 0/1 and 0/5 mg/l) was studied alone or together. Regenetaion percent, number of regeneration, vitrification and rooting evaluated. The results showed that the highest percentage and number of regeneration obtained in the medium included 2/5 mg/l BAP concentration and 0 mg/l IAA, respectively.Vitrification was increased with increasing BAP concentration, maximum rooting was observed in the medium containing 0/5 mg/l IAA.

Hearing loss is a controversial occupational disease in fire fighters because exposure to hazardous levels of noise in this job is so variable and unpredictable. In this study, audiometric assessments were performed on 117 fire fighters to evaluate their hearing loss. The results showed that the average fire fighter has a characteristic noise-induced threshold shift, with maximum hearing loss occurring at 6000 Hz. The hearing loss at the test frequencies was related to age, although the association exceeded that of general population only in 6000 Hz frequency in left ear (p=0.021). Despite finding a pattern of threshold shift typical of occupational hearing loss, it must be noted that after controlling for age, there was no strong relation between length of time on the job and the degree of hearing loss. It seems that more extensive studies are needed to evaluate this relationship.

Anethum is a herbal drug production and prescription of which, as a lipid lowering drug, has been approved in Iran. Its widespread use and lack of studies done on it emphasizes on the necessity of a controlled clinical trial. Two hundred and one hypercholesterolemic patients (total cholesterol >240 mg/d) diagnosed on basis of two consecutive lab tests, separated by at least two weeks, comprised the study population. Patients were randomized into the following therapy groups after 2 weeks of diet therapy: 1) Cholestyramine 12 g per day, 2) Nicotinic acid 3 g per day, 3) Cholestyramine 12g per day plus Nicotinic acid 3 g per day, 4) Anethum 6 tablets per day, 5) Placebo. One hundred and fourteen patients completed the 2 months follow up. A third lab test at the end of the course revealed a 2.0% reduction of cholesterol level in the anethum group. Triglyceride had %3.1 rise in anethum group (not significant). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was increased by 6.1% in the anethum group (not significant). The most common side effects of anethum were non specific complaints (i.e. malaise and fatigue). One patient discontinued therapy because of abdominal pain. Anethum caused a 2.2 mg/dl rise in blood urea nitrogen (P=0.016) and 0.12 mg/dl rise in creatinine (P=0.019).Based on the results, we conclude that anethum is not significantly different from placebo in its therapeutic effects, moreover there are clinical evidence on its untoward effects by increasing LDL-C. Although this study hasn’t proved untoward effects of anethum statistically but showes lack of any beneficial effects.

The purpose of this clinical trial is a short course study about effectiveness and side effects of Anethum in combined hyperlipidemic patients. Two hundred and ninety eight older than fifteen years old patients with combined hyperlipidemia (serum total cholesterol >240mg/dl and triglyceride >250mg/dl) were included in this controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial. Two hundred and three patients (68.1%) completed the two months period of trial. After two weeks of therapeutic lifestyle changes (diet and sports), patients were randomized into five following groups 1. Nicotinic Acid 3g daily; 2. Nicotinic Acid 3g daily plus Cholestyramine 12g daily; 3. Clofibrate 2g daily; 4. Anethum 6 tablets daily; and 5. Placebo 3 capsules daily. After two months, there was no significant differences between the changes observed in lipid profile in Anethum and placebo groups. Considering the effect on total cholesterol level, the difference between Anethum group (-5%), the first (-22.1%) and the second group (-17.2%) (P<0.000); the effect on triglyceride level, the difference between Anethum group (-16.3%), the first (-54.8%) and the third group (-38%) (P<0.000); and the effect on HDL-cholesterol level, the difference between Anethum group (+1%) and the first group (+30.8%) (P=0.001) was significant. The least complaints were in Anethum group (16%) and the most in the second group (74%). No changes in other biochemical tests were significantly different between Anethum and placebo groups. According to these results there is no superiority for Anethum in comparison of placebo to improve the lipid profile in combined hyperlipidemic patients for a two-month course. Although the side effects of Anethum are less than other well defined drugs.