e. ebrahimi

This paper presents a novel class of power-dependent bandstop filters (PDBSF) that can be used to effectively suppress dynamic RF interference in scenarios involving 1-variable frequency, 2-variable power, and 3-variable frequency and power. The proposed circuit consists of a signal tracking bandstop filter, an input coupler for measuring the input power, and an electronic feedback circuitry. The PDBSF is implemented using microstrip transmission line technology and simulated using Momentum ADS. The tuning range of the proposed BSF filter is approximately 245 MHz to 295 MHz, while the power range that can be covered is up to 5 dBm. Simulation results demonstrate that the PDBSF can effectively suppress any in-band interference with variable frequency and power.

Emotional eating is harmful to health and it has a high incidence in obese people, especially obese women. Therefore, it is important to recognize the causing factors. The purpose of this study was to explore obese young women’s lived experiences of psychological factors resulting emotional eating.

A qualitative study using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was conducted. A purposive sampling method was used to select 17 young women experiencing emotional eating with a body mass index of 30 or higher. Diekelmann and colleagues’ method was used to analyze the data collected through face-to-face, individual and semistructured interviews.

Regarding psychological factors related to emotional eating behavior, the theme of "psychological problems" was identified. This theme includes 6 sub-themes including: "Insecure attachment", "emotional deprivation", "lack of self-compassion", "rumination of negative thoughts", "psychological resistance in motivational structure" and "psychological inflexibility in moral-religious considerations".

The results of this study suggest that a number of psychological factors play a role in creating women's emotional eating behavior. These factors are interrelated and some of them are the underlying causes of other factors. In other words; these factors in link together to create and maintain emotional eating behavior. The results of this study may provide insights for planning effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for emotional overeating and weight management in women.

In this research, the methods of oxidation, oxidation along with carbon nanotubes and surface absorption of carbon nanotubes were investigated to remove the drug substance of cefixime from aqueous solutions. In these methods, the removal percentage of cefixime was 78%, 96% and 70% respectively. Therefore, the results showed that oxidation with carbon nanotubes had a positive effect on the removal of cefixime. For this reason, oxidation along with carbon nanotubes was used to remove the cefixime. Next, different operating parameters such as the concentration of drug pollutants (20,30,40 and 55ppm), reaction time (5,10,15,20,25 and 30 min), concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1, 3 and 5ml) and amount of carbon nanotubes (0.05, 0.01 and 0.2 g/l) were studied in the removal process of cefixime using the method of  oxidation along with carbon nanotubes. It should be noted that in all experiments, certain amounts of carbon nanotubes and the oxidizing agent of hydrogen peroxide were used. In addition, a mixer, with a given round, was used to mix the materials. The maximum removal efficiency of cefixime from aqueous solutions is about 96% , which is related to the process of the removal of cefixime at the constant concentration of 55 mg/L by 0.1 g/L of carbon nanotubes and 5ml of hydrogen peroxide at the  t = 30 min.

Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause many adverse effects. In addition, excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers can lead to decreased food safety and low quality of vegetables, such as the accumulation of nitrates in plants. Today, using organic fertilizers is an efficient way to achieve sustainable agricultural development. The release rate of nutrients from organic fertilizers is slow and hardly exceeds the absorption capacity of plants compared to chemical fertilizers.

To compare the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative traits of tomatoes in field conditions, an experiment was conducted in the cropping year of 2020-2021 in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Experimental treatments included: 1- biochar (8 t.ha-1), 2- animal manure (30 t.ha-1), 3- vermicompost (25 t.ha-1), 4- NPK chemical fertilizer (225 kg.ha-1 urea, 150 kg.ha-1 phosphorus fertilizer and 150 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate), 5- 50% biochar + 50% animal manure, 6- 50% biochar + vermicompost, 7-50% animal manure + 50% vermicompost, 8- 50% biochar + 50% NPK, 9- 50% animal manure + 50% NPK, 10- 50% animal manure + 50% NPK, 11- 25% biochar + 25% animal manure + 25% vermicompost + 25% NPK and 12- control. The harvesting operation was carried out in two cutting. Five plants were randomly selected in each plot, and traits such as fruit size, length, and diameter were measured. Also, total yield, Brix index, vitamin C, and lycopene were measured in both cuttings.

In the first and second cutting, the highest fruit volume was obtained in the treatment of NPK chemical fertilizer (80.5 cm-3) and the combined use of NPK chemical + animal manure (131 cm-3), respectively. In the first cutting, the maximum fruit length was reported in the treatment of NPK chemical fertilizer (5.61 cm), and the second cutting, in the combined application of NPK chemical fertilizer + animal manure (7.16 cm) that compared to the control (4.73 cm) had a longer fruit length of 51%. The largest fruit diameter was observed in the NPK chemical fertilizer treatment (5.01 cm), which was 16% more than the control (4.31 cm). On the other hand, in the second cutting, the largest fruit diameter was shown in the combined application of chemical NPK + manure (5.54 cm). In the first cutting and the total of both cuttings, the highest yield was observed in the treatment of NPK chemical fertilizer (39.6 and 70.5 t.ha-1, respectively), while in the second cutting, the highest yield was obtained in the combined treatment of NPK chemical fertilizer + animal manure. (32.8 ton.ha-1). The results showed that using organic fertilizers individually and combinatorial compared to NPK chemical fertilizers had more Brix index, vitamin C, and lycopene. The highest amount of Brix index in first and second cutting (6.55 and 7.13, respectively), vitamin C (12.9 and 11.4 mg.100 g sample-1, respectively), and lycopene (2.48 and 2.25 mg.100 g sample-1, respectively) in the combined treatment of animal manure + vermicompost. Since the elements in the chemical fertilizer are released faster than the elements of other fertilizers and are available to the plant, therefore, by increasing the initial growth of the plant and as a result of improving its flowering potential, the total yield increased, in particular in the first cutting, where the superior treatment was the NPK chemical fertilizer. Further, due to the gradual release of organic fertilizer elements, the combined treatment of chemical and organic fertilizers increased the yield. On the other hand, organic matter plays an important role in soil fertility and performance. The rare elements in organic matter can meet the needs of soil microorganisms, enhance microbial activities, affect soil-microorganism interactions, and indirectly affect crop quality.

The use of organic fertilizer, when combined with chemical fertilizer, can enhance both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of tomatoes. By substituting a portion of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, not only can yield be improved, but it's also possible to reduce the consumption of costly chemical fertilizers. This approach aligns with sustainable agricultural goals by optimizing the use of organic fertilizers.

Due to the stochastic nature of wind energy, allocating an appropriate investment incentive for wind generation technology (WGT) is a complicated issue. We propose an improvement on the traditional incentive, known as capacity payment mechanism (CPM), to reward the wind generators based on their performance exogenously affected by the wind energy potential of the location where the turbines are installed, and therefore, lead the investments towards locations with more generation potential. In CPM, a part of investment cost of each generator is recovered through fixed payments. However, in our proposal, wind generators are rewarded according to dynamic forecasts of the wind energy potential of the wind farm where they are located. We use an auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model to forecast the wind speed fluctuations in long-term while capturing the auto-correlation of wind velocity variation in consecutive time intervals. Using the system dynamics (SD) modelling approach a competitive electricity market is designed to examine the efficiency of the proposed incentive. Performing a simulation analysis, we conclude that while a fixed CPM for wind generation can decrease the loss of load durations and average prices in long-term, the proposed improvement can provide quite similar results more efficiently.

Low power consumption, low chip area and fabrication in the standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process are vital requirements for oscillators used in low-cost bio-implantable and wearable devices. Conventional ring oscillators (ROs) are good candidates for using in biomedical applications. However, their oscillation frequency strongly depends on the temperature. In this study, a temperature compensated ring oscillator with low power consumption is proposed. The transistors of the proposed ring oscillator operate in the subthreshold region to achieve a low power and low voltage performance. Since, in the subthreshold region, the oscillation frequency of a conventional ring oscillator increases with increase in the temperature, two current sources are used to power the proposed subthreshold ring oscillator: a temperature independent current source and a complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current source. In the proposed circuit, the CTAT current forms a small part of the total supplied current and its duty is to compensate for the oscillation frequency deviation. Two prototypes of the subthreshold ring oscillator were designed and simulated for a target frequency of 1MHz using commercially available 0.18µm RF-CMOS technology. The thermal coefficient (TC) of the uncompensated ring oscillator was 2400 ppm/ºC from -40ºC to 85ºC, though applying the proposed technique reduces the TC of the ring oscillator to 80.4 ppm/ºC with total power consumption as low as 14.5µW.

Emotional eating is a behavior of eating without physiological need that occurs in response to negative emotions and is harmful to health. Based on research evidence; some other factors, in addition to negative emotions, contribute to the activation and triggering of emotional eating. Identifying these factors is essential for effective management of emotional eating. Emotional eating is also more common in obese people and women. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explain the lived experiences of young obese women about the triggers of emotional eating.

This study was performed by qualitative method with hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women living in Kermanshah or Karaj with the experiences of emotional eating and a body mass index of 30 or higher. They were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face- to- face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of Dickelman.

In analyzing the participants' lived experiences, a major theme called "emotional eating triggers" was identified. This theme was formed by 4 sub-themes: negative emotions, mental symptoms, physical symptoms, and special events.

The findings of the current study showed that although negative emotions are the central trigger of emotional eating, they are not enough for it to occur. Therefore, in order to have a deep understanding of lived experiences related to the occurrence of emotional eating behavior, it is necessary to simultaneously pay attention to the multiple dimensions of its activator and trigger, including negative emotions, mental symptoms (rumination of negative thoughts, and mental temptation to eat), physical symptoms (gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, pain, etc.), as well as events that specifically trigger emotional eating.

Knowledge of weed biology helps to optimize weed management strategies and avoid unnecessary weed control input by for example accurate prediction of emergence timing of the weeds. According to the available references, 200 species of dodder have been reported in the world of which 18 species are in Iran. Among the 18 reported species in Iran, Cuscuta campestris and Cuscuta monogyna cause the greatest damage to crops and horticultural products in Iran. Cuscuta monogyna (Vahl), a member of the Cuscutaceae family, is a non-specific aboveground holoparasite, and as such is totally dependent on its host plant for assimilates, nutrients and water supply. Eastern dodder is one of the important dodder species that parasite fruit trees and ornamental shrubs. Each eastern dodder plant produces greater than 3000 seeds of which low percentage germinate in the first year. In the field, dodder started to germinate in March or April when daily average soil temperatures reached 10°C, and maximum germination was observed in May or June when daily average soil temperatures reached 20°C. After germination, seedlings of Cuscuta spp. Undergo a non-parasitic phase of growth, dependent on seed reserves, for 2–3 weeks. To improve management systems for specific weed species, it is critical to have good information on seed dormancy, persistence, production, seasonal germination, seedling emergence, and variations among populations. The objective of the present study was to effect of temperature and salinity on two eastern dodder (Cuscuta monogyna Vahl) ecotypes seed germination characteristics.

In order to study the effect of salinity and temperatures on seed germination chrachteristics of two eastern dodder ecotypes experiments were conducted based on factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in the Research Laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Faculty of Agriculture during 2015 and 2016. Treatments include salinity stress in 8 levels (0 (Control), -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1 and -1.2 Mpa) and temperature at 8 levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40oC). After 14 days, seeds in treatment solutions were no longer germinating, so all germinated seedlings were removed and un-germinated seeds of the highest salinity treatment (-1.2 Mpa NaCl) were rinsed with distilled water and placed back in their dishes with 5 mL of distilled water for 14 more days.

Results showed that with increasing salinity at each level of temperature germination rate and percentage reduced in both ecotypes, so that in potential -1.2 Mpa germination was stopped in both ecotypes. In both ecotypes germination stamped at 5, 10 and 40 ̊C temperatures in all levels of salinity. In both ecotypes the highest percentage and rate of germination were indicated at control treatment salinity and 25 and 30 ̊C temperatures. It is believed that the effect of high concentration of NaCl at high temperatures can be attributed to the toxic sodium that causes irreversible damage. According to the results Bardaskan ecotype was better than Qouchan ecotype in view of germination at high levels of temperatures and salinity treatments. The three parameter logistic model provided a satisfactory fit for the response of seed germination to NaCl concentration. The effective salinity for reducing of 50% seed germination in Qouchan ecotype at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ̊C temperatures were -0.79, -0.86, -0.87, -0.77 and -0.68 Mpa and in Bardaskan ecotype were -0.93, -0.93, -0.95, -0.90 and -0.75 Mpa respectively. Recovering the ungerminated seeds from the salinity level of -1.2 Mpa and reincubating them with distilled water resulted in a germination of 70% in both ecotypes, indicating that enforced seed dormancy was mainly because of an osmotic effect, as opposed to toxicity owing to an ionic effect.

This study shows that eastern dodder has capacity to survive and reproduce even under a higher temperature and higher degree of salinity stress. The information of this study would be helpful for estimating the potential of this species to spread to new areas and for the improvement of this parasitic weed species management programs. As is evident from these experiments, the effective, long-term reduction of eastern dodder populations will require the use of an integrated weed management approach.

Emotional eating is defined as the tendency to eat in response to stress or negative emotions in order to overcome negative emotions. According to research evidence, emotional eating is harmful to health. For example, emotional eating is associated with weight gain, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that cause emotional eating to be harmful, as it helps us to get a deeper insight into emotional eating and its harms and plan more effective educational and psychological interventions to manage emotional eating. To do this, we need to analyze the experiences of people who have had emotional eating, to explore and explain this behavior from their point of view. As a result, we can identify the various psychological, social, and cultural dimensions of emotional eating. In addition, research evidence shows that emotional eating is more common in obese people than normal weight people, and women are more vulnerable to emotional eating than men. In addition to being universal, emotional eating behavior also has culture-related characteristics. According to these points, the aim of this study was to explain the harmfulness of emotional eating in young Iranian obese women.

The present study was conducted using a qualitative method and a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women aged 25 - 45 years living in Kermanshah or Karaj, with emotional eating experience and a body mass index of 30 or higher. Pregnant women were not included in this study due to their different body mass index. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face-to-face interviews. Sampling and interviews continued until the data saturation stage. The main questions asked of the participants during the interview were as follows: 1) Describe one of your emotional eating experiences and explain the thoughts, ideas, emotions and physical feelings that led you to eat at that time. 2) What other experience in your life is similar to this experience, and what does it mean to you? 3) Under what circumstances do you have the most emotional eating? And what do you think the relationship between these conditions and emotional eating means? 4) What is the difference between the times when you eat emotionally and the times when you eat normally? Also, exploratory questions were asked to analyze the deeper layers of the participants' lived experiences. Some of the exploratory questions asked in the present study were as follows: What did you mean by ....? Could you explain more? Please give an example in this regard? Data analysis began at the same time as data collection process. Dickelman's 7-step method was used to analyze the data.

In data analysis, a major theme emerged called "harmful companions" which showed that while participants experienced emotional eating, some other experiences accompanied their emotional eating, causing emotional eating to be harmful for these people. The main theme of "harmful companions" consists of seven sub-themes named lack of self-control in eating behavior, unconscious eating, body abuse, contradictory experiences, eating addiction, excessive eating of certain foods, and secretive eating. Lack of self-control in eating behavior means that emotional eaters do not have enough control over their eating behavior and their emotional eating is accompanied by fast eating, overeating, eating regardless of food quality, swallowing unchewed food, eating at the wrong time, and etc. The sub- theme of "unconscious eating" includes those experiences accompanying emotional eating that are not within the control of the conscious mind, and includes eating without consciousness, eating without will, eating involuntarily, eating without thinking, eating without purpose, unwanted eating, and eating without the right to choose. The sub- theme of "body abuse" refers to the victimization of the body, especially the gastrointestinal tract, during emotional eating experiences, and includes distracting from negative emotions by engaging the mouth and stomach through eating, replacing pain caused by filling the stomach with psychological pain of anxiety and chewing foods with clenching teeth to vent anger. The sub- theme of "contradictory experiences" includes the functions of positive and negative emotional eating and contradictions in attitude, feelings, and behavior of participants during emotional eating; Like enjoying eating but with a sense of shame for how you eat, eating pleasantly but with a guilty conscience; eating with craving but without pleasure, eating with craving but unwanted and the necessity of eating unnecessary. The sub- theme of "eating addiction" includes quasi-addictive traits found in emotional eaters, such as; mental temptation to eat, eating out of habit, physical urge to eat, psychological dependence on eating, compulsive eating, and searching behavior to find food. The sub- theme of "excessive eating of certain foods" means that although the participants' overeating included a variety of foods; in particular, they ate more sugary foods, high caffeine foods, starchy or fatty foods, and high-fat and salty snacks. The sub- theme of "secretive eating" means that participants ate secretly to avoid negative judgments and blame for their overeating, or that secretive eating was to passively eat their share of the food.

The results of this study showed that emotional eating alone is not harmful, but some other experiences that accompany it, cause it to be harmful in physical, psychological, and social dimensions. An interesting finding of this study is the sub-theme of "body abuse". This sub-theme expresses the need for people to maintain their mental cohesion even at the cost of harming their body. Another important point of this study is that; the "harmful companions" of emotional eating that emerged in the form of seven sub-themes complicate the cognition and management of emotional eating, and it is necessary to pay attention to harmful companions in psychotherapy programs to manage emotional overeating especially in women.

Ruralization is a special form of peoplechr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s life and plays an important role in the processes of economic, social and political development. In this regard, the rural master plan is carried out in order to provide the ground for development and development and with the aim of appropriate and optimal allocation of rural land uses for sustainable development. However, the lack of optimal location of land uses is one of the weaknesses of these plans. This issue causes lack of proper access to land uses, incompatibility of a land use with adjacent land uses and as a result does not provide a suitable platform for village growth. In order to solve this problem, the purpose of this study is the optimal allocation of rural land by genetic algorithm as a suggested resource to help rural master plan consultants. To achieve this, restrictions on data were first applied, including river and poultry. Then, using four criteria including neighborhood (i.e., the integration of compatibility, dependence and centralization), accessibility, physical potential and resistance to change, and also considering the area specified in the master plan as demand for land uses, genetic algorithm is implemented in vector structure and rural land uses were allocated. It is worth mentioning that in this research, optimization is performed as a single objective problem and the objective function is considered as maximizing the weighted sum of defined criteria. Also, the considered land uses in this research include official, residential, green space and commercial land uses. The proposed model was implemented in Nematabad village using the user map of 1395, in order to produce the user map of 1396. In order to achieve the proposed land use map, first the weight of the model criteria in five different modes was changed and the model was validated in each mode using the calculation of kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. According to the results, the third case with a total accuracy of 71% had the highest total accuracy and, therefore, the weights assigned to the criteria in this case were used to prepare the final land use map. According to the proposed land use allocation map, it is clear that most of the commercial space is concentrated in one area. This is due to the higher weight of the centralization sub-criterion than other sub-criteria in calculating the neighborhood criterion. Based on the centralization parameter, the tendency to create a type of land use in the vicinity of the same land use is more and is done at a lower cost. Also, due to the compatibility of residential and green space land use with agricultural land use, these land uses are allocated in the neighborhood of each other. In addition, the results showed that neighborhood criteria and accessibility are the most important factors in the rural master plan. In future research, it is suggested that other optimization algorithms such as ant colony, and particle swarm optimization be used to optimally allocate rural land use and compare the results with the genetic algorithm. In addition, since this study uses four residential, green, official and commercial land uses in the allocation phase, it is suggested that other land uses such as agriculture be used in the allocation phase in accordance with the demand of that village.

Trichogramma evanescens Westwood is an important biological control agent of lepidopteran pests and is widely distributed throughout Iran. In the current study, parasitism rate of T. evenescens on different egg ages of the Anagasta= Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (1, 2, 3 and 4- day- old) was studied at 25±1ºC, 55±5% RH and 16: 8 h L: D photoperiod. The results obtained showed a significant effect on parasitism rate. The highest and the lowest values of net parasitism rate (C0) were 67.69 hosts and 15.92 hosts for 1 and 4- day- old eggs, respectively. The transformation rate of host population to parasitoid offspring (Qp < /sub>) was equal to 1 at all egg ages. The values of stable parasitism rate (ψ) decreased from 0.412 to 0.266 (host/parasitoid) with increasing host age from 1 to 4 day. Finite parasitism rate (was significantly affected by different egg ages and the highest (0.583 day-1) and lowest (0.337 day-1) values were recorded for 1 and 4- days- old eggs, respectively. The results of the current study indicated that parasitism of T. evanescens was strongly affected by different egg ages of A. kuehniella. This finding provide helpful information for mass rearing of T. evanescens.

This paper investigates the effect of tail capacitance on phase noise of an LC-VCO (LC voltage-controlled-oscillator). First, the analytical relations of the phase noise for different values of tail capacitor (CT) are derived and then for verifying them, simulation and calculated results are compared. For simplicity, three scenarios such as small, medium and large values of CT are considered. In a case study an LC-VCO is designed in a standard 0.18µm CMOS technology, and simulation and numerical results have been presented for different values of CT. In this case study, numerical analysis shows that for CT =200fF (medium CT) and CT =10pF (large CT), the phase noise at 1MHz offset from the 5.2GHz is -96dBc/Hz and -118dBc/Hz, respectively. According to the results, the ISF (Impulse sensitivity function) is improved by increasing the amount of CT. Numerical values also demonstrate that excessive increase of CT has no effect on the phase noise. While choosing bigger CT can effectively reduce the noise contribution of the tail by bypassing the noise of tail transistor, but low impedance path generated by CT may degrade the phase noise by reducing tank quality factor.

In this study, the effect of glycerol concentrations (60, 70 and 80 %) and drying temperatures (45, 60 and 75 °C) on physical and mechanical properties of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum-grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) protein isolate composite film was investigated. Results showed that with increasing the temperature from 45°C to 75°C, the drying time needed for the composite film containing 60 and 70% reduced. Whilst, drying times of the samples with 70 and 80% glycerol were nearly the same. Water solubility, moisture absorption and elongation at break (E%) reduced when the drying temperature increased and the elastic modulus (EM) decreased. With increasing glycerol concentration from 60 to 80 %, water solubility and moisture absorption increased and E% and EM reduced.

In the present work we consider to generalized ghost dark energy in presence of a sign changeable interaction term. We obtain evolving cosmic parameters and plot them. We find a good agreement between the model and observations in primary analysis. The plots reveal that decreasing b, the universe enters acceleration phase earlier while decreasing 𝜉  leads a delay in enterance to the acceleration phase. Next we present a stability analysis according to squared sound speed and find that increasing  the model can achieve positive domain for squared sound speed which shows signs of stability. Finaly we discuss the statefinder analysis and see the model can catch {r=1,s=0} at late time.

Benthos play an important role in the transmission of primary production and organic material (detritus) accumulation of the substrate in the water ecosystems to the higher levels of food chain. Also, they are used as biological indicators to evaluate the effect of pollutants caused by human activities on water ecosystems. To evaluate the benthic communities of Zayanderood Dam Lake, 4 sampling stations were selected on the lake; then, during the year 2014, seasonal sampling at each station was performed. The sampling was carried out by using the sediment sampler instrument with the dimensions of (20 cm × 20 cm). The average temperature of surface and deep water in the Zayanderood Dam Lake during the study was estimated to be 15.6 ± 2.4 and 8.9 ± 1.8°C, respectively. The average concentration of dissolved oxygen in the surface and deep water was varied from 10.3 ± 0.6 to 8.1 ± 0.7 mg/L, respectively. Totally, 2165 samples of benthos were collected and identified in the Zayanderood Dam Lake, belonging to 3 classes, 6 orders and 5 families. The maximum number of samples belonged to Tubifex, Naididae and Chironomidae genera. The dominant genus was Tubifex in all stages. According to this study, therefore, it seems that the structure of substrate, the amount of nutrients, grazing pressure and hydrostatic pressure are the most important environmental factors that can affect benthic community in the Zayanderood Dam Lake.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model and model for selecting a sustainable supplier. The researcher, through library studies, interviews with experts and experts in tire producing companies, and preparing a questionnaire to identify the factors that affect this relationship. Indicators that influence the selection of sustainable supplier selection in this research are financial position and market share, proposed price, timely delivery of goods, recycling rates, the use of clean technologies, contamination, the number of trained staff and employee satisfaction, and Customers In this research, weighing these indices was determined by comparing the fuzzy pair between these indices and using the fuzzy hierarchical process analysis method. In order to accurately determine the weight of the indices, Shannon Entropy method was used. Finally, the weights obtained from these two methods were combined and the final weight was obtained. These weights were used in the Interval TOPSIS method. Then the companies were ranked according to the coefficient of closeness obtained by the distance tops method, and the top company was selected.

Population growth, industrial development, climate changes and environmental pollutants reduce the quality of available water resources. Nowadays, limited resources of freshwater and maintaining their qualities are the biggest challenges for the management of water resources. To investigate the water quality of Tajan River, 4 sampling stations were selected along the river. Sampling was performed montly from May 2011 to April 2012 and replicated 3 times for each station. The NSFWQI, BMWP, ASPT and HBI indices were calculated based on the obtained data. The NSFWQI indicated that the water quality of Tajan River was in the “Poor” category. The BMWP index showed that the water quality was in the “Medium” category (for station 1, 2 and 3) and in the “Poor” category (for station 4). The water quality was placed in the “Suspected of pollution” and “Moderately polluted” categories by the ASPT index. HBI index pointed out that the water quality was in the “Relatively weak” and “Weak” categories. According to the results of this study, the water quality of Tajan River ranged from medium to very bad.

This paper focuses on the optimization of initiating dimensions of groove bearing in association with de- sired design of vehicle’s front structure which is made up of low carbon steels in the case of frontal collision. Axial bearing analysis is done numerically using nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA. In this analysis, changes of two main parameters including measure of energy absorption of structure and maximum force of structure collision are being considered. Square structure profile is being chosen and the groves are placed on two opposite sides. Tests of collision simulation are performed for steel samples and then a mathematical equation is derived next, the initiating dimensions are optimized using Genetic Algorithm. Desired case for design of this structure part is the one which provides maximum energy absorption measure and minimum collision force in this paper, the most optimal case is an initiator with groove depth of 4.5 mm and radius of 10 mm.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique for measuring the efficiency of decision making units. In all models of the DEA, for each unit under assessment, the numerical efficiency is obtained which may be less than or equal to one. Given the possible large number of functional units, we use various ranking methods for evaluating units. One of the rating methods is Balance index and Topsis. This method has been used for categorical data. In this paper, we assume data as interval, introduce the interval Balance index and the interval Topsis and run it on a single example.

A 3×4 factorial experiment was conducted for 45 days to determine the effects of diets containing different levels of protein and fat on growth of fingerlings Beluga (Huso huso L.1758). Twelve different diets were formulated with 3 levels of protein (45,50 and 55) and 4 levels of oil including fish oil and sunflower oil (0.5 ,4 , 8 and 12). 1260 Beluga fingerlings with an initial body weight (IBW) of 2.2 gram, after adaptation to the experimental conditions, were selected and stocked randomly into 36 fiberglass tanks (100 water volume) at 35 fish per tank, and fed on experimental diets for 45 days. Two ways analysis of variance showed that the percentage of body weight increase (%BWI), specific growth rate (SGR),protein efficiency ratio (PER), food concumpsion ratio, and productive protein value (PPV) content were significantly (P<0.05) affected by different protein and fat levels. Fishes fed on diets No.3 (containing 45% protein and 14 % lipid) and No.8 (containing 50% protein and 17 % lipid) showed the highest increase in body weight percentage, the best specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and lowest food concumption ratio. Besides, the highest productive protein value was observed in diet No.2 (45% protein and 10.5% lipid) and diet No.3 (45% protein and 14 % lipid).Comparison of chemical composition of examined fish corps indicated a significant difference in their protein and lipid contents (P<0.05). However, the composition of the diet, revealed no significant changes on the dry matter and ash content of the body. Based on the findings of the present study 45-50% dietary crude protein is recommended for the optimum growth of Beluga fingerling. Moreover, the rate of needed lipid for optimum growth of fingerling range is from 14 to17 percents.