فهرست مطالب fatemeh nemati

The aim of this study was to determine the structural relationships between temperament dimensions of personality and psychological symptoms of somatic symptom disorder with the mediation of emotional dysregulation. 

Methods and Materials: 

For this purpose, 380 students from the University of Tabriz were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling during the academic year 2021-2022. The variables were measured using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Somatic Complaint Questionnaire, the short form of the Symptom Checklist, and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). 

Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence negatively and significantly explain the variations in psychological symptoms. Harm avoidance and emotional dysregulation positively and significantly explain the variations in psychological symptoms. Reward dependence and persistence negatively and significantly explain the variations in emotional dysregulation. Novelty seeking and reward dependence negatively, and harm avoidance positively, can explain the variations in psychological symptoms through emotional dysregulation. 

The three temperament variables—novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence—could explain the changes in somatic symptoms through the mediation of emotional dysregulation. These findings indicate that somatic symptom disorder is influenced by personality factors and that inefficiency in emotion regulation exacerbates this disorder. Additionally, these findings suggest that emotional dysregulation is a significant variable in the relationship between temperament dimensions and somatic symptoms.

The aim of the present study was to determine the structural relationships of mindfulness and emotional literacy with marital intimacy through emotional expressiveness and emotion regulation. This study was conducted with a correlational method. The population of the study consisted of married university students in Tabriz city in the academic year of 2022-2023, and at least 2 years had passed since their marriage. Therefore, using convenience sampling, 384 couples were selected and to collect data, Brook and Butman Marital Intimacy Questionnaire, Iranian Family Psychological Functions Scale (IFPFS), Kentucky Mindfulness Questionnaire, King and Emmons Emotional Expression Questionnaire. EEQ) were used. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Findings showed that the direct effect of mindfulness, emotional literacy, emotional expressiveness, and emotion regulation on marital intimacy was significant, and emotional expressiveness and emotion regulation could mediate the relationship between mindfulness and emotional literacy with marital intimacy (p<0.05). These findings have practical implications in clinical interventions, which are discussed in detail.

The function and behavior of cells depend on gene expression, which is the main life process. However, gene expression models need to account for environmental factors better. This study introduces a new model that incorporates the effect of pH on gene expression regulation and control. 

The model was applied to gene expression data. The system was analyzed using the multifractal spectrum, which captures the non-linearity of gene expression.

The analysis revealed that gene expression responds differently to acidic and alkaline pH. It also demonstrated that lower mRNA levels correspond to higher system stability. 

The cell's internal and external conditions were used to find the lowest and highest transcription levels.

The function and behavior of cells depend on gene expression, which is the main life process. However, gene expression models need to account for environmental factors better. This study introduces a new model that incorporates the effect of pH on gene expression regulation and control. 

The model was applied to gene expression data. The system was analyzed using the multifractal spectrum, which captures the non-linearity of gene expression.

The analysis revealed that gene expression responds differently to acidic and alkaline pH. It also demonstrated that lower mRNA levels correspond to higher system stability. 

The cell's internal and external conditions were used to find the lowest and highest transcription levels.

The current research aims to examine the structural relationships between sleep problems and emotional intelligence in adolescents, considering the mediating role of defect in executive functions. The present research had a descriptive-correlational design. The study sample included 381 first-grade high school students in Tabriz during the academic year 1401-02, selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, the Siberia and Shiring Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test software, and the Continuous Performance Test software task. Statistical methods used for data analysis included Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The results showed that sleep problems have a direct and indirect influence on emotional intelligence through emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility play a mediating role in the relationship between sleep problems and emotional intelligence.

Gene expression is known as a phenomenon that shapes human life. This very complex phenomenon is formed from two stages: transcription and translation. In this study, we used the Nose-Hoover thermostat to model the effect of ambient temperature on gene expression since temperature regulates the biological clock of living systems. We have used the Lyapunov exponent approach to investigate the effect of control parameters on gene expression, including the degradation rates of messenger RNA and proteins, and to find critical points (phenomenon boundary limits), mRNA, and protein level boundary values. The rate of degradation in the process of protein synthesis has been investigated with the help of the Lyapunov exponent approach. According to this study, the optimal temperature for the production of mRNA molecules by Escherichia coli bacteria is 306 Kelvin. The study also used the chaos approach to show that the faster the mRNA molecules are degraded, the more they are transcribed, and the more chaotic the system becomes.

Recent studies have identified a disorder called Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) that has similarities with  ADHD in attention problems. The aim of the present research was to compare emotional intelligence and sleep problems in adolescents with Sluggish cognitive tempo disorder symptoms and without. The mothod was ex-post facto, cross- sectional design. The statistical population consisted of all female first school studants in Tabriz province during the academic year of 2022-2023. The research sample was 180 studants who were selected on the bases of SCT Penny questionnaire in 2 groups of 90 people:1) Normal 2) with SCT. To collect date, the Siberia and Schering emotional intelligence questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. Research data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance test. The results showed self-motivation, self-awareness, social consciousness, and social skills in the group 1 was significantly higher than the group 2, also disturbance in overall sleep quality, sleep efficiency  and daily functioning in the group 2 was significantly higher than the group 1.  Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that adolescents with SCT symptoms, compared to normal adolescents, have lower emotional intelligence and more sleep problems.

Historical geographical manuscripts are crucial for social, cultural, and linguistic research. One such significant text is "Ahsan Al-Taqɑsim fi Maʔrefat Al-Aqɑlim" by Abuʔabdallɑh Moḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Maqdesi, which provides a detailed description of languages and dialects in Muslim communities in the 10th century. We aimed to investigate the significance of this manuscript in understanding the sociolinguistic status of Islamic communities in that era through these research questions: what is the linguistic value of Maqdesi’s reports? How do they aid in recognizing the language usage, distribution and variation in Muslim communities? A descriptive-analytic analysis was conducted on the linguistic reports from a historical sociolinguistic perspective to identify sociolinguistic themes and classify the relevant content for further interpretation. The analysis revealed that Maqdesi has studied the linguistic status of the Islamic world in a systematic and well-thought plan, and, his observations yielded a relatively clear picture of the linguistic landscape, dialectal differences, language choices and usages, and social attitude towards languages, especially in the eastern regions of the Islamic world in the 10th century. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of comprehensive and well-categorized historical-geographical language descriptions and the necessity of reanalyzing historical-geographical manuscripts to better understand the historical sociolinguistic status of Iranian languages.

Resilience is an ability and skill that enables a person to adapt to problems and challenges. This factor contributes to the positive development process of adolescence. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between basic psychological needs with resilience through the mediating role of self-efficacy in life skills in adolescence. This research was carried out using a descriptive and correlational research method in the form of a structural equation model. The statistical population included six grade male and female students in Bushehr high schools 503 students were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The following questionnaires were used: Morris Self-Efficacy Scales (SEQ-C), DeCaroli John and Sagon Resilience Questionnaire (2014), Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (BSNQ); Guardia, Deci and Ryan, (2000). Structural equation model was used to analyze the data. Results of data analysis showed that the paths of basic psychological needs to self-efficacy in life skills and self-efficacy to resilience were significant in adolescence. Also, the path of basic psychological needs was significant indirectly through self-efficacy in life skills with resilience. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that as we approach late adolescence, the effect of basic psychological needs increases and self-efficacy performs its mediating role well during all three periods.

The import of food products is an economic problem that has created harmful effects for various parts of the country's system in recent years. This import threatens food security and national security and ultimately national identity. In the present research, the issue of jurisprudence rulings on the import of foodstuffs and its effects on economic instability has been investigated in a descriptive-analytical way. Paying attention to Islamic and jurisprudential values can help us in solving this social problem. Jurisprudence is the basic foundation of the laws of every Islamic society and is effective in creating economic stability. For this purpose, the mandatory ruling on the import of foodstuffs was examined in terms of importation against the law of the country and the importation of forbidden and suspicious foodstuff, and the ruling was given regarding the sanctity of illegal and forbidden importation, and in the case of questionable importation, based on the public and the application of evidence, the ruling was in favor of Halit. was given and regarding the status ruling related to the importation of food products, validity, invalidity and guarantee of this import, it was examined and in some cases, referring to jurisprudence rules, the ruling was given as valid and in some cases, the ruling was given as invalid, and considering All food import transactions are guaranteed according to the rule of "the whole guarantee is correct, and the guarantee is corrupt".

Gene is a factor encoding genetic information and the basic unit of inheritance. Gene expression is a phenomenon consisting of two complex stages of transcription and translation. In this study, the yeast cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolution is investigated due to the importance of the gene expression phenomenon. To clarify the accuracy of the obtained results, we have used experimental data on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell from the gene bank. We are using chaos theory to study gene expression due to the nonlinear dynamics of the phenomenon. The obtained results predict that, by increasing the rate of degradation in the messenger arena to 0.03, we have reached the threshold value for the gene expression phenomenon. Also, we have recognized that increased transcription is associated with an increased mRNA degradation rate. The optimal values of transcription delay rate (18.2 min) and protein degradation rate (0.03) were obtained. There was a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results.

The purpose of the research is to provide a model for designing indexing software that will automatically store information and index resources.

The research method was comparative evaluation and system design. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist that was validated by experts. The research community was considered 9 software’s that were consistent with the research conditions. The checklist was completed in person by the analysis and development or support departments of the desired software.

The findings of the research indicated that for the design of automatic indexing software, it is necessary that the sections of cataloging and documentation, digital resources, indexing, management, search and general capabilities must be considered in the software. Also, practical and side parts such as entering standard information, correcting data caused by OCR, using artificial intelligence, using machine learning and the possibility of interoperability with other systems should be considered.

A review of the various software available in Iran indicated that none of these tools have fully implemented the capabilities required for automatic indexing, but the necessary infrastructure for designing and developing an independent automatic indexing software in Persian or adding a profile section Automatic adaptation to existing systems is provided. The final proposed template of the research includes the parts and conditions necessary for computer and information science professionals to design automatic indexing firmware.

This article shed light on perspective of Iranian digital games. Since early 21st century we confront many researches about digital games in field of media studies as well as psychology and educational studies. Some these researches are recognized digital games as just media and some of them investigate them and their effect as new media. In this article we used case study approaches to analyze digital games made in Iran technically and aesthetically. In our analytical approach we used comparison between Iranian digital games and corresponding foreign digital games used by Iranian gamers. We investigated “Garshasb, "Eighth Combat 2” and “Murders in The Streets of Tehran” as case studies and respectively compared them with “Dante’s Inferno”, “Battelle Field 3” and “Still Life”. Our finding demonstrates that Iranian digital games used low quality graphic pictures and unreal movement, then they would have failed in front of foreign digital game industry. it is because of lack of transparency of medium and intimacy with gamers. These problems result in low immediacy for involving the gamers. Then they prefer the foreign game instead. Furthermore, using real native narrative in Iranian game should be accomplished by applying real Iranian character with real Iranian goals and morality.

As one of the most sensitive detection methods, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has received great attention due to its unique properties such as extremely low background, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, simple, rapid and inexpensive instrumentation and ability to measure in the area of environmental, biochemical and pharmaceutical matrices. Electrochemiluminescent sensors are able to detect the presence and evaluate the content of various toxic substances (pesticides, heavy metals, etc.) both in water and in food. Among the heavy metal ions, mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of the most stable forms in mercury pollution. It is a widely investigated analyte since it is a toxic element at very low concentrations and its determination is very important for environmental purposes. This article reviews key advances in electrochemiluminescence measurements of Hg (II) ions over the past decade. The categorization of different ECL sensors is done on the basis of different luminophores including luminol, ruthenium (II) complexes and quantum dots.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of motor-based cognitive rehabilitation on improvement of executive functions of children with ADHD. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design which was done on 15 ADHD children with age of 6-12 years old in Tabriz city using a purposeful sampling method. N-Back test was used to assess the working memory. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used to assess the cognitive flexibility. Continuous performance test was used to assess sustained attention. Stroop test was used to assess response inhibition. Simple Reaction time test was used to assess Reaction time. Data were analyzed with repeated mixing covariance analysis and using SPSS.ver20.The result of the study showed that motor control cognitive rehabilitation was effective in improving executive functions (p < 0.01). These findings have further implications in the clinical interventions which have been thoroughly discussed.

Words in the Mental Lexicon (ML) construct semantic field through associative and/ or semantic connections, with a pervasive native speaker preference for the former. Non-native preferences, however, demand further inquiry. Previous studies have revealed inconsistent Lexical Access (LA) patterns due to the limitations in the methodology and response categorization.

To fill the gap, we employed a primed Picture Naming (PN) task for investigating the relations between concepts in the ML of Iranian EFL (English as a foreign language) learners. We also explored whether conscious priming at a long prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony affected the naming latency of the learners with different proficiency levels.

The participants were 31 EFL learners (11-16 years old) at A1 and A2 levels based on the Common European Framework of Reference for languages. They were recruited in summer 2020 from language institutes in Bushehr and Kazeroon cities, Iran, through a convenience sampling method. They performed a PN task, including 66 prime-target pairs presented in associative, semantic, both semantic and associative, or unrelated conditions. The mixed-effects modeling was used for data analysis.

Based on the likelihood ratio test of model comparisons for condition effect (χ2 (1) =9.07, P=0.002), the interaction of condition, frequency, and length was significant in the semantic condition (t=2.72, P=0.008). A slight effect was also observed from the prime frequency in the associative condition (t=1.82, P=0.07).

Results indicate one-level access to the ML, which is indeed a function of language proficiency. Findings are further discussed in terms of ML structure and patterns of LA.

The purpose of this study is to review studies that have investigated the effect of CardioPulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation (CPCR) training on nurses' knowledge and performance. Background. CPCR is a systematic procedure and a set of targeted measures have been used by nurses to restore the vital functions of the body's central organs, such as the heart, lungs, and brain. The application of teaching is a suggested method for improving the knowledge and skills of nurses PCPR in most published articles.

In this r eview study, a comprehensive search of scientific databases and sear ch engines such as Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, SID, Scopus, CINAHL, OVID, Iran Doc and Magiran using the keywords cardiopulmonary resuscitation, nurses, practice, knowledge in both Persian and English languages was done to find articles published between 2010 and 2022.

CPCR training in both face-to-face and virtual form can be effective on the knowledge and performance of nurses, and in all studies there was a significant relationship between the scores before and after the training. The implementation of these trainings should be repeated for nurses permanently and every six months.

Basic training can lead to increasing the knowledge of nurses in the field of basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Based on this, regular theoretical and practical workshops and training courses are recommended.

Foreign language enjoyment and speaking anxiety in the classroom are two potential emotion-inducing factors for foreign language learning. This sequential mixed methods study investigated whether and to what extent Iranian EFL students experienced foreign language enjoyment and public speaking anxiety in their English classrooms, and how they characterize the sources of the enjoyment and speaking anxiety in such a context. To these ends, 128 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) from several English language institutes, selected based on convenience sampling, took part in this research. They completed Dewaele and MacIntyre’s (2014b) Foreign Language Enjoyment and Yaikhong and Usaha’s (2012) Public Speaking Class Anxiety questionnaires, and write down about an episode in which they had experienced enjoyment and speaking anxiety in the EFL classroom. Quantitative and qualitative statistical data analyses were applied to examine foreign language enjoyment and public speaking class anxiety. Descriptive data analysis showed that the learners had a medium-to-high foreign language degree of enjoyment and a low level of public speaking anxiety. Besides, they reported more enjoyment than public speaking anxiety in class. Further qualitative data analysis revealed 12 sub-themes and four main themes of Teacher, Learning, Class Activities, and Class Atmosphere in explaining their enjoyment, as well as eight sub-themes and four main themes of Exam Phobia, Reaction/Feedback, Personal Failure, and Lack of Self-Confidence for speaking anxiety. The findings provide implications for language teachers and policymakers to gain better insights into factors underlying enjoyment and speaking anxiety in the field of foreign language learning.

Cochlear implantation (CI) is a preferred treatment for severe-to-profound sensory neural hearing loss and has caused significant improvement in the language ability of cochlear implantees compared to the hearing aided patients. Although CI users have gained access to auditory feedback, there are still some gaps in their speech articulation compared to the normal hearings. One area in which the difference lies is their shortcomings in the accurate production of speech segments. They evidence difficulties in the production of vowels which are determinant factors in speech intelligibility and successful communication. As studying vowels from an articulatory perspective does not provide objective results, researchers have shown an inclination for acoustic studies to investigate the differentiating features, namely the first and second formants (F1 and F2) of the vowels articulated by CI speakers. The first formant (F1) correlates with the articulatory height of vowels (high/low dimension) and the second formant (F2) corresponds to the tongue position (the front/back dimension). F1/F2 ratio yields vowel space which provides both an objective representation of the vowel articulation accuracy and the main acoustic cue in auditory perception for listeners. The studies on the acoustic features of the vowels have demonstrated indefinite and contrasting results in the comparative investigations of CI users and normal hearing listeners. Some have reported a significantly reduced vowel space for CI users, while other studies have evidenced an increase in the vowel space of CI users due to the positive impact of CI. There are even studies that have claimed an improvement in the vowel spaces of CI users to the point of similarity with the normal hearing. Inconsistent findings seem to be due to methodological differences and considering different variables such as post- or pre-lingual deafness, CI adults or children, age at implantation and time elapsed after the surgery. Among these factors, age at implantation has wide-ranging consequences and requires more in-depth studies. This study aims at investigating the effect of early cochlear implantation on the first and second formants (F1 and F2) of the Persian vowels produced by CI children. To this end, the vowel production of two groups of children, implanted before and after age three (CI<3, CI>3) with at least three years of device use length was studied. All CIs had been diagnosed with severe congenital hearing loss at both ears without any other disability and physical condition. There was a control group of five normal hearing age-matched children (NH group). After a speech therapist, each participant repeated CV syllables made up of one of the eight Persian plosives as onset and one of the six Persian vowels as nucleus. Using Praat software, the frequency of the first and the second formants of the vowels produced by children in three groups were extracted and then compared with each other. To find between-group variances, Kruskal-Wallis test was used with the significance level set at 0.05. Findings of this study demonstrated that there were significant differences among the groups in the frequency of the first and second formants of all Persian vowels except for F1 and F2 of /a/ and F2 of /i/ and /e/ (eight cases). Mann–Whitney U test showed that CI3 and normal hearing groups demonstrated significant differences in the first mentioned eight cases (F1 of /i/ and /e/ and F1 and F2 of /u/, /o/ and /ɑ/). CI3 groups were statistically different from each other in F1 of the vowels /i/ and /e/ and F2 of vowels /u/ and /o/. Considering the first formant, we did not find any association between early implantation and F1 of the vowels by CIs. All CI users produced vowels with a more open mouth than the normal hearing which seems to be due to the exaggerated training method of therapists producing the vowels with more open mouth to give a visual cue to CIs about the articulation of vowels. In terms of F2, on the contrary, there is a clear relationship between age at implantation and vowel production. Although all CIs showed lower F2 than NHs and articulated back vowels more front than their normal place, the deviation was more observable in CI children who had undergone surgery after the age 3 (CI>3). This indicates that early implantation positively affects the cochlear implanted ones in articulating vowels with normal-like F2 as an important distinguishing acoustic feature of vowels.

Drug addiction is one of the most important issues whose complications are a serious threat to the society. It is one of the four crises of the 21st century affecting all communities across the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and factors affecting drug abuse and addiction with a grounded theory approach.

The present study was conducted in a qualitative manner in Qorveh in 2019. Sixteen individuals with a history of drug abuse with at least 4 years of dependency were selected by purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate the coding process and data analysis.

Factors influencing drug abuse and addiction were: a) predisposing factors including individual and interpersonal factors; b) detective factors including family factors; and c) continuing and aggravating factors including social-cultural and environmental factors.

Numerous factors are involved in the occurrence of addiction and drug abuse, and identifying them in different environments, cultures and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive practices and increasing public awareness.

Anderson (2013) believes that Conceptual Blending Theory (Fauconnier and Turner, 1998, 2002) is potentially capable of analyzing proverbs by incorporation of two blending processes to account for the cultural, cognitive and contextual aspects of their meaning. This article aims at applying Anderson’s (2013) Cognitive Proverb Model on six figurative proverbs of Delvari Dialect in an attempt to shed light on cognitive processes involved in their meaning construction. These proverbs were selected by a self-selection process. The rationale behind this process was to have a more coherent discussion and to focus only on one type of proverbs. The findings show that the wisdom meaning is the product of conceptual blending of animal and human affairs in two input spaces organized by a general space. The general space contains the commonalities between the input spaces. All these spaces are projected onto the blended space and create an integrated meaning package called base meaning or the “wisdom”. Base meaning integrates with the referential meaning and constructs situational meaning. Proverb use is actually an action like praise, advice, etc. This research shows that ecological and cultural features are in input space 1, without which construction of base meaning, situational and performance meanings looks impossible. HUMAN AS ANIMAL metaphor instigates mapping of input space 1 properties onto input space 2. This model clearly shows the role of cognition, culture and situation in the construction of proverb meaning and confirms the applicability of a cognitive model in explaining semantic and pragmatic complexities of language.

Supplying blood and blood products, maintenance, transfer and injection of each component have its own specific process. Therefore, those responsible must at least have the awareness that relates to the transfusion medicine. The safety and effectiveness of blood transfusion depend on the knowledge and skills of nurses, who have taken the responsibility. The aim of this study is to assess the educational needs of nurses in the field of blood transfusion that leads to creating a good medical process for nurses in clinical departments of hospitals. In this cross-sectional study, 124 nurses who participated in, were selected through random sampling in Qazvin hospitals in 1396. A questionnaire including 25 questions was used to evaluate the knowledge and performance of their awareness of different aspects of blood medicine, including maintenance, transferring, injection and post blood transfusion reactions. The scores of knowledge and performance encoded in three levels: low, medium, and good. Data analysis and correlation of variance were performed by using the software SPSS version 20. Research results showed that most of the subjects are in the age group 20-30 years (68.7%) and females (93%) and have a bachelor's degree in nursing (95.6%). Results showed that the mean score of knowledge was 9.58±2.13, and score range was 9 (between 3 to 12). The mean score of performance was 38.96±2.17, with range 10 (scores were between 30 to 40). The analysis of variance used to examine the relationship. The results suggested that there was a significant relationship between performance and knowledge of subjects (P<0.05). According to this study, nurse’s knowledge level and awareness of blood transfusion are the media. Therefore, training, managers controlling and supervision programs seem to be necessary due to the great importance of the blood transfusion process and threaten the safety of patients. So, we recommend that this issue must be seriously included in academic courses and retraining in the field of blood transfusion, according to the latest available standards at the time of the nurse’s employment.Keywords:Knowledge, Blood Transfusion, Nurses