gh. ghasemi

Spinal cord injury causes a huge social and economic burden on the society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with targeted and available sampling method. The study population consisted of all spinal cord injury patients with incomplete paraplegia (C-D) referring to Hana charity center in Isfahan province, of which 30 people were selected in a targeted and accessible way. The sample group was randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, the experimental group with an average age of 34.40 ± 2.87 years and the control group with an average age of 33.93±3.34 years. The experimental group participated in 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, in training sessions that started from 45 and reached 90 minutes in the last sessions. The collection tools in this research were: Energy Consumption Index, Eyseng Self-Confidence and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that 12 weeks of the selected program of walking with support on the treadmill and eye exercises had a significant effect on the energy consumption test with mean of 1.52±0.88, (p=0.002, Eta=0.28, F=59.28), self-confidence Test with mean of 12.00±  4.10 (p = 0.001, Eta= 0.68,  F= 63.11) and quality of life factors with mean of 48.76± 12.70 (p = 0.001, U= 25.00) of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

12 weeks of a selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises have positive and significant effects on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients. Therefore,so it is suggested that these exercises improve the physical and mental condition of spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia should be used in medical centers.

Agricultural and food industry exports are one of the strategies for export development and sustainable economic growth in developing countries. Since Iran has been among the top ten countries in the export of tomatoes and tomato paste in recent years, the purpose of this article was to compare the global market structure of these two products as two links in the tomato supply chain and calculate the revealed comparative advantage of their exports in the world and the target countries. According to the results, the global market structure of both products in the period 2010-2018, despite the high share of the top four market powers, has been an open oligopoly for most of the years, which indicates a small share of the most competitors and high competition between them. However, due to the large share and stability of market leadership, it is unlikely that small countries will be able to capture the share of large countries. Therefore, it is suggested that Iran, with an average share of 1.61 percent in the tomato market and 5.30 percent in the paste market, prioritize a number of markets in which it has more competitiveness for market penetration, market development, and branding. On average, exports of tomatoes and tomato paste to Turkmenistan, Iraq, and Afghanistan have had the greatest comparative advantage for Iran. It is proposed to prioritize competition, market development, and branding in a number of markets in which it has competitiveness and stability based on the revealed comparative advantage index, including Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. It is worth mentioning that due to the higher comparative advantage of tomato paste compared to tomato, its higher added value, more branding, and storage and transportation capabilities, it is recommended, with the development of investment in food processing industries and the completion of supply chain and marketing. Development of the export market of tomato paste should be a priority of the country.

The present study aimed to compare the self-control with bullying–victim behavior in students with and without learning disability. This research is a causal– comparative study. And the statistical population of this study was all female and men students with learning disorders first high school who referred to Germi learning disability centers. Among them, 30 students were selected through available sampling method, and 30 normal students were randomly selected in a multi-stage cluster of primary school girls and boys in Germi. . For collecting data were used from Tangney self-control questionnaire and Olivious bullying–victim questionnaire and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that students with learning disabilities in self-control and bullying- victim behavior were significantly different from normal students (p < 0/001), thus, these students have less self-control and more bulling- victim behavior than normal students. The results of studies showed that students with learning disabilities have a higher risk of developing behavioral problems (bullying–victimization). Therefore, production programs academic to parents and educators intention prevention of explosion behavior disorders and diagnosis and treatment timely it is necessary.

Let $(R, mathfrak{m})$ be a Noetherian local ring and $M$, $N$ be two finitely generated $R$-modules. In this paper it is shown that $R$ is a Cohen-Macaulay ring if and only if $R$ admits a non-zero Artinian $R$-module $A$ of finite projective dimension; in addition, for all such Artinian $R$-modules $A$, it is shown that $mathrm{pd}_R, A=dim R$. Furthermore, as an application of these results it is shown that$$pdd H^i_{{frak p}R_{frak p}}(M_{frak p}, N_{frak p})leq pd H^{i+dim R/{frak p}}_{frak m}(M,N)$$for each ${frak p}in mathrm{Spec} R$ and each integer $igeq 0$. This result answers affirmatively a question raised by the present authors in [13].

Low back pain is one of the most common and costly medical problems and the main cause of absenteeism which is a common problem in today's society. The prevalence and cost of treatment is increasing significantly. There are many ways to treat low back pain but a convenient, useful and low cost method is the main need of today's societies. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of Barreausol and Pilates exercises on quality of life in women with chronic low back pain.

Thirty patients with chronic back pain were selected and randomly allocated into three 10-patients groups Barreausol (average age of 42 ± 7 years, height 160 ± 8 cm, and weight 62 ± 5.5 kg) Pilates (average age of 42.5 ± 5 years, height 159 ± 10 cm, and weight 61 ± 6 kg) control (average age of 42 ± 6 years, height 161 ± 11 cm, and weight 59.5 ± 7 kg).Subjects in the intervention group performed three 60-minute sessions each week for 8 weeks, but the control group did not participate in any of the therapeutic activities during this time and were only engaged in daily activities Subjects' quality of life was assessed using SF36 questionnaire before and after eight weeks. Inferential statistics analysis of variance for repeated data (ANOVA) was used to analyze the groups (p≤0.05).

The findings of the present study showed that both of the intervention methods significantly improved the quality of life of women with chronic low back pain (p≤0.05). However, in the control group no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Overall, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p≤0.05). The results also showed no significant difference between the two training methods (p>0.05).

Based on the findings of this study it can be concluded that Barreausol exercises and Pilates exercises can improve the quality of life and adverse effects of women with chronic low back pain so it can be definitely recommended as a suitable medicine for the treatment of chronic low back pain.

Chronic back pain is one of the problems of today's societies, that its treatment reduces the economic, social and psychological consequences of society. Regarding the role of physical activities and exercises in improving back pain, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Barreausol and Pilates on pain, functional disability and quality of women with chronic back pain.
Thirty patients with chronic back pain were selected as convenience and randomly in three 10-patients groups Barreausol (average age of 42 ± 7, height 160 ± 8, and weight 62 ± 5.5 kg) Pilates (average age of 42.5 ± 5 years, height 159 ± 10 cm, and weight 61 ± 6 kg) control (average age of 42 ± 6 years, height 161 ± 11 cm, and weight 59.5 ± 7 kg) among the referred patients. The intervention group received 8sessions per week and three 60 minute sessions each week. The pain was evaluated by the visual scale of functional pain and functional disability in patients with osteoporosis questionnaire. For analysis, inferential statistics of variance for repeated data were used.
The findings showed that both of the interventions reduced pain and functional disability in patients compared with the control group (p≤0.05) Also, the findings did not show a significant difference between the two training methods in the dual variables of the research (p>0.05).
Based on the findings of this study it can be concluded that Barreausol exercises and Pilates exercises can reduce the ' pain and adverse effects of women with chronic low back pain so it can definitely be recommended as a suitable medicine for the treatment of chronic low back pain.

Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) as a valuable and low cost feed may be used as a cereal grain replacement in ruminant diet.
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing some of cereal grains of diet with ensiled PSP (with or without added urea) on dry matter intake and production performance of south Khorasan crossbred goats.
A total of 21 goats with average daily milk yield of 645.8 ± 0.15 kg and average body weight of 26 ± 2.5 kg were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets based on collected records at pre-experiment period. Experimental diets were included: 1- control (without PSP), 2- containing 10% of ensiled PSP without urea, and 3- containing 10% of ensiled PSP with urea (DM basis), were fed individually as totally mixed ration to goats.
Replacing some of cereal grains of diet with ensiled PSP without urea increased (P Ensiled PSP with urea can be used as a cost effective by-product for replacing of some part of diet’s grain and thereby reducing the production costs.

Knee replacement means replacing the damaged joint with an artificial joint to reduce pain and improve range of motion. This surgery is effective and commonly used in treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis. This research aimed to assess the effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises on pain, outcomes, and quality of life of female patients with total knee replacement.
In this quasi-experimental study, 22 patients were selected through purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into an intervention (N=11) and a control (N=11) group. The patients in the intervention group took part in three 60-minute sessions of Pilates exercises for 8 weeks under the supervision of an instructor. In the same period, the patients in the control group did not participate in any exercise programs. Pain, outcomes, and quality of life were measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS) in the two groups before and after exercise training. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test for the difference between the means of the independent groups).
The results showed no significant difference between the two groups regarding pain, symptoms, daily activities, sport and recreational activities, and quality of life before the intervention. However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding pain intensity (P=0.001), symptoms (P=0.001), daily activities (P=0.001), sport and recreational activities (P=0.001), and quality of life (P=0.001) after the intervention.
It seems that Pilates exercises can be useful as a complementary technique alongside medication and conventional therapy for rehabilitation of patients with total knee replacement.

The present study examined the prevalence of back pain and its association with anxiety and depression in nurses working in affiliated hospitals to social security organization in Isfahan city.
Research The design of this research was descriptive-correlation and its population consisted of 815 nurses working in Shariati (510 subjects) and Gharazy hospitals (305 subjects). Research sample included 244 (78 males and 166 females) with age range of 25 to 40 years and mean age 35/3±6/4 years subjects selected using stratified random sampling method. Visual analog scale of pain questionnaire (VAS), Katel Anxiety questionnaire and the Beck Depression questionnaire were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test were used in inferential statistic part. The data were analyzed with significant level of 0/05, by SPSS 16.
The results showed that 55/3% of nurses had mechanical acute or chronic low back pain. There was a positive and significant correlation between low back pain and anxiety and depression in nurses (P ≤ 0.05). Also there was no significant difference between the mean value of pain severity in male and female nurses.
Due to the relationship between pain, anxiety and depression in nurses, attention to physical and psychological factors simultaneously in the prevention and treatment of back pain in these patients is recommended.

In order to evaluate the effect of silicon and phosphorus applications on disease severity of rice blast, a field experiment was carried out in 2009 in a factorial experiment based on the complete randomized blocks design with four replications in Sari. The pure phosphorus was applied in three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) as (P2O5) and pure Silicon was applied in three levels (0, 500 and 1000 kg/ha). As (Ca SiO2). There was a significant difference in seed yield in 5% probability and the highest grain yield obtained by application of 1000 kg/ha Si and was 3849.5 kg/ha. There was significant difference in leaf blast at 5% probability whereas that the lowest leaf blast severity by application of 1000 kg/ha Si, leaded to reduction the disease severity up to 10% in comparison to the control. This amount of using Si reduced significantly the average of lesion diameter (10/48mm) in comparison to the control without using Si, too. The various rates of P, did not affect significantly on the percentages of leaf, neck, nod, and grain blast and also on the average of lesion diameters. The rates of Si did not affect on the number of infected nod, neck and grain. Based on the interaction effects of P and Si, applying 1000 kg/ha Si without P lead to reduction significantly the average diameter of blast lesion. In the rate of 100 kg/ha P and 1000 kg/ha Si in comparison without using Si, there was significant difference in the percentage of leaf blast. So, we can find that in contrast to using Si lonely, using Si and P together can not affect significantly in different treats of rice blast.