فهرست مطالب gholamreza sharif zade

Leishmania is one of the indigenous diseases of Iran, which is endemic in 18 provinces of the country. It is necessary to carry out an educational intervention to promote the preventive behaviors of this disease in endemic areas. The present study was designed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. 

This study was conducted using a randomized controlled trial on 80 male students of the First secondary level school in Shahin shahr in 2022. The students were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Data were collected based on a standard questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Questionnaire was completed before, immediately and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and statistical tests of repeated analysis of variance, independent t-test and post hoc Ben Feroni. Significance level was considered at 0.05.

Before the educational intervention, the two groups were similar in terms of demographic information and the scores of the constructs of the HBM (p>0.05). Immediately and three months after the educational intervention, the mean scores of the constructs of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, behavior and perceived benefits increased significantly in the intervention group (p>0.05), but there were not a statistically significant difference in the constructs of perceived barriers and cues to action (p>0/05).

The results of the present study showed the effect of educational intervention based on the preventive behaviors of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. Of course, due to the lack of impact of the intervention on the perceived barriers, it is necessary to pay attention to non-educational interventions such as allocating subsidies for the purchase of protective equipment, especially in deprived areas, in addition to educational interventions.

Tuberculosis remains a serious public health concern. Comorbidity in immunocompromised patients makes its diagnosis more difficult. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of positive tuberculin skin test and Chest X-ray changes in patients with rheumatologic diseases treated with immunosuppressive medications in the city of Birjand, Iran. The present prospective study was conducted in 2020 in the city of Birjand, Iran on 40 patients with rheumatologic diseases and 40 healthy people. Inclusion criteria were patients with the diagnosed rheumatic disease under treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Exclusion criteria were active tuberculosis and changes in chest X-ray in favor of tuberculosis. Purified protein derivative solution was used to carry out a tuberculin skin test and screen both groups for latent tuberculosis and Chest X-ray to ascertain the presence or absence of the radiographic signs of old tuberculosis in the patients' group at the initiation of treatment and six months after. The collected data were recorded in a checklist and then analyzed in SPSS-22 using descriptive and statistical tests. Mean age was 47.32 ± 13.61 years in the case group and 46.40 ± 14.19 years in the control. Also, 7.5% of the case group patients taking immunosuppressive medications were tuberculin skin test positive, but no significant difference was observed between the case and control groups (P value = 0.24). In the positive tuberculin skin test group, 66.6% had spondyloarthritis of whom, 100% were taking Cinnora (Adalimumab). The emergence of latent tuberculosis in rheumatic patients after taking immunosuppressive medications is likely, and clinicians should be aware of its risk.

Today, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training is highly important to save the lives of people in need of CPR by those present at the scene, and it is useful to study new training tools in this field. This study aimed to determine and compare the effect of basic CPR face-to-face and electronic training on the self-efficacy of high school students.

This randomized controlled field trial study was conducted on second-grade high school students in Tabas, Iran, referring to high schools by an announced call. The samples (n=62) were randomly selected and divided into two groups of e-learning and face-to-face training (n=31 each). Both groups completed the Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale at the baseline and 1 week and 2 months after the training intervention. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using statistical measures of mean and standard deviation and statistical tests of t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that both e-learning and face-to-face training methods significantly increased the self-efficacy of high school students in CPR in 1 week and 2 months after training. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the two methods regarding the mean score of basic CPR self-efficacy 1 week after the intervention (P<0.001).

Considering the benefits of e-learning on students' CPR learning, this method should be used seriously for basic CPR self-efficacy training.

Job involvement affects nurses' professional attitude and behavior and increases their productivity. Since spiritual intelligence and cultural intelligence are conducive to one's behavior, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual and cultural intelligence and job involvement in nurses working in Birjand teaching hospitals.

In this descriptive correlational study, 200 nurses working in Birjand teaching hospitals were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Kanungo's Job Involvement Questionnaire, King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, and the standardized and localized Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 22 software.

The results showed a positive, weak, and significant correlation between spiritual intelligence ( r = 0.16, p = 0.02) and cultural intelligence ( r = 0.20, p = 0.004). Moreover, there was a positive, weak, and significant correlation between job involvement and spiritual intelligence in its personal meaning production dimension (r = 0.17, p = 0.01) and cultural intelligence in its motivational ( r = 0.24, p = 0.001) and cognitive (r = 0.24 , p = 0.001) dimensions. However, job involvement was not associated significantly with the dimensions of critical existential thinking, transcendental awareness, and spiritual state development of spiritual intelligence, and strategic and knowledge dimensions of cultural intelligence (p > 0.05).

Given the results of the study and the relationship between occupational involvement and spiritual and cultural intelligence of nurses and considering the acquisitional nature of intellectual and cultural intelligence in nurses, it is suggested that organizational managers identify and eliminate the barriers to spiritual and cultural intelligence acquisition and pave the ground for the growth of these parameters. They can enhance staff capabilities and take steps to enhance their job engagement and performance by providing relevant educational classes in this regard and by training practical ways to enhance spiritual intelligence and cultural intelligence.

Adolescence is one of the most important periods of life for all people. This is a transition period from childhood to adulthood, through which individuals should learn to make the right decisions and apply the life skills. This study aimed to explain the life skills' experiences of 12-14 year-old female adolescents. In this qualitative content analysis study, adolescent girls aged 12-14 years were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The data were collected using individual interviews and focus group discussions. The recorded audio files were transcribed. Then, the information was compared and merged with the available literature in the field. A classification matrix was created according to the constructs of the social cognitive theory (SCT). Categories were derived from the constructs of SCT and themes were extracted from the analysis and interpretation of data. The main extracted themes consisted of the environmental, behavioral, and personal factors. The theme of environmental factors included two categories of interpersonal relationships and influential role models as well as access to resources and facilities. The theme of behavioral factors included the categories of skills and the personal factors' theme contained the categories of personality traits, attitudes, perceived self-efficacy, knowledge, and outcome expectations. The use of life skills by adolescents is influenced by personal, environmental, and behavioral factors. Therefore, appropriate conditions should be provided for the adolescents to use the life skills. These conditions include acquisition of knowledge and skills, perception of positive outcome expectancies, existence of influential role models, existence of supportive systems, access to facilities, and positive attitudes.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases. If there is no action to prevent, control and treat it, there will be many problems for the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of high school girl students of the second period in Birjand regarding diabetes and its related factors. This Cross-Sectional analytical study examined 362 high school girl students of the second period in Birjand in 2016-2017. The sampling method was multi-stage clustering. Data collection was done by a self-made questionnaire which confirmed its content validity by 7 faculty members of the university. To verify the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.78 for questions, 0.64 for attitude questions and 0.67 for performance questions. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS(Version 19) software, independent t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significant level of α = 0.05. The mean score of students' knowledge was 5.2 ± 1.27 at a poor level, the mean score of attitude was 21.9 ± 10.9 ± 9.9 and at the mean level and the mean performance score was 14.8 ± 8.8 and was on moderate. Also, Knowledge and attitude score in experimental students was significantly higher than those in mathematics and technology (P <0.001). Knowledge score in students about diabetes and its related factors is poor and their attitude and performance at the moderate level. Since there is a direct relationship between the individual's knowledge of one issue and his vision and performance, the organization of health education sessions in this regard and the addition of information to textbooks are needed to improve and raise awareness and prevent diabetes

Aim: As one of the most important factors in interpersonal interactions, attachment style develops in childhood and continues in future according to the context where one grows. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for attachment styles in housewives in Birjand, Iran.
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 housewives referring to health centers in Birjand in 2016. The participants were selected by the cluster sampling method, and were assessed using Collins and Read’s Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (RASS) and a researcher-made questionnaire with regard to the constructs of TPB. The data were analyzed in SPSS-19 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, ANOVA, and ANCOVA tests. The significance level was set at P values less than 0.05.
Findings: A significant negative correlation between marriage duration and anxious attachment style (r=-0.145) and a significant positive correlation between marriage age and secure attachment style (r=0.180) was found. The avoidant attachment style was correlated positively with attitude and perceived behavioral control variables, and the anxious attachment style was associated negatively with attitude and perceived behavioral control variables. The attitude and subjective norms constructs predicted 6.7% of the avoidant attachment style, while attitude predicted 4.6% of the anxious attachment style.
TPB is a weak predictor of attachment styles. Thereby, indirect effective factors and contributors to attachment styles should be identified.

Middle-aged females are very vulnerable in their menopausal transition and are at risk for developing chronic illnesses. Modification of eating behaviors is one of the most important strategies for the prevention and management of chronic illnesses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention based on the health belief model and self-regulation on female’s eating behaviors during menopausal transition.
As a randomized controlled field trial, this study was done in 2016 on seventy 35- to 50-year-old females recruited from primary healthcare centers in Darmian county, Iran. Females were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess self-regulation and Health Belief Model constructs. Women in the intervention group received theoretical trainings about eating behaviors in six 60- to 90-minute sessions and practical training about healthy cooking in one 180-minute session. Data collection was done before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed via the SPSS software (v. 18.0) and by conducting the independent-sample t test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of less than 0.05.
The study groups did not significantly differ from each other regarding female’s demographic characteristics (P The educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model and self-regulation improved women’s healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and practice.

Despite scientific advances taking place in the medical field, and increased life expectancy in modern societies, we have witnessed a significant growth in the elderly population in recent decades have been. Adults of different risks and different from other age groups are facing. This study was designed to assess quality of life, depression, and activities of daily living in older adults was conducted in 91 villages in Birjand city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 elderly in the rural city of Birjand. Data collection The World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire, 26-item, 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS), 6 items daily living activities (ADL) 7-item questionnaire with activities of daily living (IADL) has been. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and the values ​​of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The mean quality of life (4/10 ± 9/77) and the mean (SD) depression (9/2 ± 5/5), the mean and standard deviation of daily life activities by means of (5/1 ± 5/6) mean and standard deviation of daily living and instrumental activities (3 ± 12), respectively. Cleans demographic variables, physical activity and sport, education, marital status, depression and daily activities with and without the quality of life was statistically significant (05/0p ≤). Significant relationship between quality of life and depressive strong Vmkvs (56/0- (R = activities of daily living without the (32/0- (R = a means (39/0- (R = quality of life and a significant inverse relationship was observed. The results showed that the activities of daily living improves quality of life and reduce depression. Thus the official of the health care system must work to create an environment and programs tailored to the cortex in town and country

Shivering is a common complication of general and epidural anesthesia. Warming methods and many drugs are used for control of shivering in the recovery room. The present study is a randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of two interventions in comparison with pethidine which is the routine treatment on shivering in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with general anesthesia. Eighty‑seven patients undergoing abdominal surgery by general anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups (two intervention groups in comparison with pethidine as routine). Patients in warmed intravenous fluids group received pre‑warmed Ringer serum (38°C), patients in combined warming group received pre‑warmed Ringer serum (38°C) accompanied by humid‑warm oxygen, and patients in pethidine group received intravenous pethidine routinely. The elapsed time of shivering and some hemodynamic parameters of the participants were assessed for 20 min postoperatively in the recovery room. Then the collected data were analyzed by software SPSS (v. 16) with the significance level being P < 0.05. The mean of elapsed time in the warmed intravenous serum group, the combined warming group, and the pethidine group were 7 (1.5) min, 6 (1.5) min, and 2.8 (0.7) min, respectively, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The body temperatures in both combined warming and pethidine groups were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Combined warming can be effective in controlling postoperative shivering and body temperature increase.

Happiness is one of the most fundamental needs of human mental health. Since the students are human resources and architects of future of the country, their mental health is very important. Therefore, this study is carried out to investigate the happiness status and its related factors in the students of Birjand University of medical science in 2013.
In this descriptive/analytical study, 349 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences which had inclusion criteria were selected by multistage sampling. After obtaining written consent from participants, the data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire through self-report. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
The mean age of students was 21.9±2.3 and the mean score of student's happiness was 44.1±12.09. There was a significant difference between happiness score and sex (p The findings showed that the happiness status in students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences is relatively good. Since some groups of students had lower levels of happiness, further attention to them seems to be essential.

Vitamin D deficiency is a health problem in different countries. Vitamin D deficiency is an important health problem in both developed and developing countries. Recent reports on extra skeletal effects of vitamin D have led to increased interest in prevalence studies on states of deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D.. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children in city of Birjand, east of Iran..Patients and This cross-sectional study was carried out in winter of 2012 and comprised 238 students of primary schools aged between 7 and 11 years. Sampling was done through randomized multiple stage method. The data were obtained using a questionnaire consisting of questions about weight, height and serum level 25 (OH) vitamin D. Serum level 25 (OH) D < 20 ng/mL was defined as deficient, level 20 - 30 ng/mL as insufficient and the level > 30 ng/mL as sufficient.. Of the total number of 238 children surveyed, 110 (46.2%) were males and 128 (54.8%) females. Vitamin D levels in the subjects ranged from a minimum of 4.3 to a maximum of 63.1 ng/dL, with mean value of 15.4 ± 8.1 ng/dL. The deficient, insufficient and sufficient levels of vitamin D were found in 76.9%, 18.5%, and 4.6% of the students, respectively. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the females.. In regard to the protective role of vitamin D in preventing many chronic diseases, immediate intervention in the form of nutritional supplement is needed to overcome the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children..

Marriage and marital life plays a basic role in the elevation and mental health of the humankind, and life satisfaction plays an important part in family’s normal functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of relationship enrichment education on marital satisfaction of primary school female teachers in Birjand. In this quasi-exprimental study (pre-test, post-test, and control group), 80 female teachers working in Birjand primary schools were selected with multi-stage sampling method. Participants were allocated to control (n=40) and experiment (n=40) groups. Education of marital relationship enrichment skills was provided for the experiment group in eight 90-min sessions accompanied by group discussion. Data were collected by the 49-item Marital Satisfaction Questionairre. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) by Independent t test, Paired t test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney (U) tests at the level of α≤ 0.05. Significant differences were observed in the cases after the intervention concerning marital satisfaction and its components (p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the controls after the intervention in terms of marital satisfaction or its components (p>0.05). The relationship enrichment educational program was effective in elevating the marital satisfaction quality and its components (attraction, understanding, attitude, and investment). Therefore, this enrichment program can be used as an effective intervention to increase marital satisfaction.

The migraine headache is of the most common causes of headache، and some psychiatric disorders، such as anxiety and depression، in many cases accompany the headache. Some research results indicate the effectiveness of behavioral psychotherapy in reducing migraine headaches. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management on depression، anxiety، and reduction of migraine headache.

In this clinical trial، 19 women with migraine، whose anxiety and depression had been diagnosed based on DSM IV criteria and Beck''s anxiety and depression tests، were provided with cognitive-behavioral stress management for 10 weeks. Beck''s tests were used to compare the recovery rate of anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 15) using paired T-test، Wilcoxon، and Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance of p≤0. 05.

In this study، cognitive-behavioral stress management was significantly effective in reducing depression، anxiety (p≤0. 001)، and migraine headache occurrence (p=0. 004)، and there was a significant difference between pre- and post-test scores (p≤0. 001).

Cognitive-behavioral stress management is effective on depression، anxiety and migraine headache، and can be used in combination with drug therapy.

An important priority for nursing education is to find strategies that can increase motivation and enhance learning of nursing students. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of education through team member teaching design (TMTD) and lecture on nursing students'' learning and motivation. In this randomized field trial study، all sixth-semester nursing students (n=36) studying at Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2012-13 were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. In five sessions، Emergency and Crisis course was taught through TMTD in one group، and in the other، through lectures. Academic achievement was measured before and after each session and in total، and motivation was measured with Hurter’s academic motivation questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 15. 5) by chi-square، paired t test، and independent t test at α ≥ 0. 05. The summative test scores mean and that of the test taken after each session increased significantly in both groups. Scores mean in the TMTD group before and after intervention was 21±1. 6، and in the lecture group 18. 2±3 (P=0. 01). There was a significant increase in motivation scores of TMTD group but a decrease in the lecture group. The changes between the two groups were significant (P=0. 001). The TMTD method could enhance students’ motivation and academic achievement. It is recommended to use this method further in education.

Medical students face with extreme amount of curriculum materials which cant be simply memorized, so different ways of learning have always been emphasized. The goal of this study was to investigate learning styles and related factors among medical students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences using VARK questionnaire. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. In 2009-2010 academic year, 148medical students from different stages of medical school were selected by stratified random sampling..The learning styles of Data gathering tool was VARK questionnaire in which learning styles were classified into four subclasses of visual, audio, reading, and kinetic (skill). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Among 148 people participating in this study 77% were female and most of them (66.2%) were passing the basic sciences stage. The learning style mostly used by these students was auditory (48.6). There was no significant relationship between the preferred learning styles and gender (P= 0.18). Considering the fact that students are educated through lecture and oral methods from elementary to university, it would be expected that students prefer auditory learning style to others. Despite the practical outbreak of medical students in clinical settings, increasing students’ ability in kinetic methods seems to be necessary.