javad hashemi

Specific learning disabilities are recognized as significant educational challenges. These disorders can lead to various problems, including academic underachievement, decreased self-confidence, and increased academic stress among students. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-efficacy training in improving academic adjustment and reducing academic stress in students with specific learning disabilities.

This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design with two groups: experimental and control. The statistical population consisted of all sixth-grade female students with specific learning disabilities in Khalkhal (a city in Iran) during the 2022-2023 academic year. Using a multistage sampling method, 30 students were selected and assigned to either the experimental group (15 students) or the control group (15 students). Before and after the intervention, participants completed the Academic Adjustment Inventory (Sinha & Singh, 1993) and the Perceived Academic Stress Questionnaire (Zajacova et al., 2005). The experimental group received Bandura’s self-efficacy training package (1997) over eight 90-minute sessions (once a week), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis with SPSSv22.

The results showed that participation in self-efficacy sessions improved academic adjustment and reduced academic stress from pre-test to post-test in the experimental group. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups' mean academic adjustment and stress reduction scores (P<0.001).

Based on the findings, self-efficacy training can be beneficial in improving academic adjustment and reducing academic stress in students with specific learning disabilities.

This study looks into the various forms of corrosion that affect various elements of the South Pars Gas Company's first refinery's desalination plant, such as water compartments, tubular plates, support tubes, and the self-tube. To investigate the corrosion variables, a thorough analysis of the device's structure and process, as well as the material, was conducted. During repairs, damaged tubes were sampled and subjected to scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence testing. Evaluating scanning electron microscopy pictures from the inner surface of the tube reveals deformation and a rise in the tube's inner diameter. The X-ray diffraction patterns and elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence show that the inner surface is corroded. The external surface of the tube and analysis of the diffraction patterns in this region reveal the formation of copper oxides on the outer surface of the tubes, which, when compared to electron microscopic images, distinguishes pitting corrosion caused by acid condensation collision on the outer surface of the tube. Finally, the major cause of the fracture was pitting corrosion.

Virtual networks are the most popular means of communication and information exchange, the widespread use of which has led to addiction. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between moral disengagement and addiction to virtual networks.

The research method used in the present study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all male students in the second year of high school in Ardabil public schools in the academic year of 2019-2020. From this community, a sample of 360 people was randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and answered the questionnaires of addiction to virtual networks, moral awareness, and spiritual intelligence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural relationships. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article did not report any conflict of interest.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that addiction to networks has a positive relationship with the score related to moral disengagement and its components and a negative relationship with the total score of spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence also has a negative relationship with the overall score related to moral disengagement and its components (moral justification, useful comparison, resourceful language, shifting responsibility, spreading responsibility and inhumanity). Model fitness indicators also have confirmed the lack of effect of moral disengagement on becoming addicted to virtual networks through the mediation of spiritual intelligence.

Considering the role of moral disengagement and spiritual intelligence in addiction to virtual networks, holding educational workshops in schools to inform students about the effects of addiction to virtual networks and teaching aggression management skills and improving the level of spiritual intelligence is recommended.

At the end of 2019, Sars-CoV-2 was identified and has since spread in the world. Coronavirus is commonly caused by the upper respiratory tract and severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans. Due to the novel nature of the virus and high mortality among high-risk people, today health care providers used several medications with different mechanisms to overcome this virus. The course of COVID-19 represents three stages that have different symptoms and used different drugs depends on each stage. Ultimately the minority of patients progress to stage III with high mortality. The aim of this study is a comprehensive review of COVID-19 adjuvant therapies. We explained the current study on the use of Glucocorticoids, Interferon, Vitamin C, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, Pentoxifylline, IVIG, Allopurinol, Ivermectin, and Selenium in sepsis, pneumonia, and ARDS and we suggested a new protocol for prescribing each medication currently used in COVID-19 Outbreak. At the end of 2019, Sars-CoV-2 was identified and has since spread in the world. Coronavirus is commonly caused by the upper respiratory tract and severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans. Due to the novel nature of the virus and high mortality among high-risk people, today health care providers used several medications with different mechanisms to overcome this virus. The course of COVID-19 represents three stages that have different symptoms and used different drugs depends on each stage. Ultimately the minority of patients progress to stage III with high mortality. The aim of this study is a comprehensive review of COVID-19 adjuvant therapies. We explained the current study on the use of Glucocorticoids, Interferon, Vitamin C, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, Pentoxifylline, IVIG, Allopurinol, Ivermectin, and Selenium in sepsis, pneumonia, and ARDS and we suggested a new protocol for prescribing each medication currently used in COVID-19 Outbreak.

Having sufficient information about the prevalence of drug use, types of drugs used and duration of dependence in soldiers can play an important role in preventing soldiers’ affliction with drug use and treating them. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of drug use among soldiers in the barracks in Lorestan province. The statistical population of this descriptive survey study consisted of all the soldiers in the barracks in Lorestan province, Iran. Accordingly, 400 soldiers were selected and studied as a sample using the convenience non-random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of drug use among the soldiers. The collected data were analyzed by chi-square test. The results showed that the frequency of drug use had increased significantly during military service compared to that of pre-service period. But the types of drugs used and the duration of dependence before and after the military service were not significantly different. According to the findings of the study, it is concluded that the period of sacred military service is of particular importance in the physical and mental health of young people, and paying attention to the conditions and problems of young people in this critical period can play an important role in preventing and even treating their addictive disorders.

Transfusion of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) after storage is important. One of the storage lesions on blood bags is oxidative stress. One way to prevent increased oxidative stress is to use antioxidant nanoparticles (NPs). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) play an important role in antioxidant defense on RBC. poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a nontoxic biodegradable polymer that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for drug delivery. This study aimed to assess dose-dependent efficacy of SOD-CAT-polyethylene glycol -PLGA on RBCs storage.

Using a descriptive study, during 1 month, twenty donors from Bojnourd Blood Donation Center were selected. NPs with different concentrations were injected into the satellite bags after directing blood to them. On target days, experiments were performed on the samples taken. Electrospray was employed to prepare SOD-CAT-PLGA NPs. Twenty packed RBCs were isolated from the whole blood bags by the mechanical method, and certain amount of product was transferred to the satellite bags. On days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35, bags were sampled. Malondialdehyde (MDA), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and Annexin V were performed on the samples taken. The repeated measures analysis with the help of SPSS software version 20 was performed on samples.

MDA increased in both groups. The maximum increase in test group was seen in concentration 12 mg (MDA Day 14, test [1.93 ± 0.3], [P MDA < 0.001]). Maximum increase in PAB was seen in concentration 12 mg (from 444 ± 1.7 to 563 ± 2.5) (P PAB = 0.000). Furthermore, PS expression increased in the concentration of 12 mg greater than other concentration in consecutive (from 5.00 ± 0.8 to 22.26 ± 1.7, [P < 0.001]).

Evaluation of dose dependency showed that different concentrations of antioxidant NPs affect RBC. This effect can be changed oxidative stress and apoptosis. Using both changes to evaluate functional and toxicity can be helpful.

Blood transfusion has an important role in medical and surgical procedures. In Iran, a person needs blood or blood products every three seconds. Shortage of blood donors, poor facilities for storing and preparing blood products, lengthy preparation process until transfusion as well as irregular use of blood products are some of the important problems associated with blood transfusions. Given the importance of proper and effective use of blood products, this study was carried out to evaluate the blood consumption pattern in Imam Ali Educational, Research and Treatment Center in Bojnurd, Iran.This retrospective study was performed in 2020 on all cases requesting blood products at the Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnurd, Iran. All patient data including age, sex, blood type, requesting ward, type and the number of requested products including packed cell, freshly frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet were extracted from the hospital information system and the daily registry notebooks.

Of 3083 blood requests, 58.6% were for males and 41.4% were for females. The most and least requested blood groups were O+ (32.9%) and AB- (0.5%), respectively. Packed cell (27%) and FFP (30%) were the most frequently requested products in the emergency department, while platelets (88.5%) was the most frequently requested product in the oncology department. Cross-matched to transfused blood ratio for packed cell was 1.37. Also, not using blood products index for packed cell, FFP and platelet was 27.5, 0 and 0, respectively. Moreover, transfusion index for packed cell, FFP and platelet were 0.72, 1 and 1, respectively.

The pattern of blood consumption in the studied hospital is relatively favorable. However, in some wards such as neurology and burns, there is a need to review the requesting and consumption of blood products. In the case of O - blood type, the probability of not using the requested packed cell and cross-matched is above 50%, which highlights the need for reviewing the blood application process due to the scarcity of this blood type and the imposition of workload.

Information and communication technologies have influenced all social, organizational and individual spaces in human societies and have affected people's daily lifestyle, work and knowledge to different degrees. The study examined the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and youth lifestyles. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. The statistical population consisted of the youth between the ages of 18-25 in Ardabil in 2017, which was 24,000 people. And 380 samples were selected using Morgan table by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Ariani et al. (2015) social media questionnaire and the La'ali et al. (2012) youth lifestyle questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between virtual networks and youth lifestyles (physical health, exercising and health, weight and nutrition, disease prevention, psychological health, spiritual health, social health, drug avoidance and accident prevention). The regression results also showed that the social network variable predicts about 40% of lifestyle variance.

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is one of the main sources of lower back pain affects 16-30% of these patients. Various treatments had proposed for subluxation and sacroiliac syndrome but the current evidence on this subject is not confirmatory and few surveys have assessed the efficacy of manipulation in the treatment of this condition. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of manipulation with exercise therapy in patients with sacroiliac pain syndrome.

In this single-blinded clinical trial, the 30 patients categorized (to two groups) to receive either manipulation or exercise therapy. Required data gathered via medical history and the Persian translation of the Beck and Oswestry questionnaires and the pain assessed according to the visual analogue scale (VAS). Data entered into SPSS v.22 software for analysis.

Changes in VAS (p=0.011) and Oswestry score (p=0.012) after one week were significantly greater in the manipulation group. In addition, changes in the Oswestry disability index (ODI) score in the manipulation group of one week and one month after treatment were significantly different from the pretreatment.

Based on the findings of this survey, manipulation had a better efficacy on pain severity and disability of patients with sacroiliac pain syndrome, compared to exercise therapy and considering its low risks and non-invasiveness, its application by trained physicians recommended.

Tourism is one of the largest economic activities in the world and has a rapid growth that is important for the development of the regions. In this regard, the urban environment with its various physical, functional and semantic dimensions has a special significance in the visual organization of the city and the quality of urban spaces. There are several factors involved in the emergence and occurrence of crime and insecurity that can be attributed to social, economic, Cultural, spatial, environmental and spatial areas, especially in the urban tourism axes. With this approach, the aim of this study is to assess and analyze the role of environmental and spatial components on security feeling in the tourism axes of Ardabil. Therefore, this research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of the purpose of the applied type in terms of its nature and method. The method of collecting data and information in this research is in two methods of library and field studies. For analyzing variables and measuring them, a field questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was distributed among the statistical sample of experts of urban affairs, academics and some local people around Ardabil tourism axis and collected through statistical analysis and particularly structural equations (SEM) and others have been measured. Finally, in order to show the output space of the research findings, LISREL, SPSS software was used. The results showed that there are significant and direct correlations between the three variables (physical, urban and form) and safety sensation in the tourism axes of Ardabil city.

The purpose of this study was to compare emotional failure, resilience and empathy in students with and without learning disabilities. The research method was comparative. The statistical population of this study was all students of Ardebil in the academic year of 1396-1959, In this study, 120 high school students were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling and selected in a group of 60 students with and without learning disabilities. And the Toronto Emotional Injury Questionnaire, the Conner and Davidson Expeditionary Expeditions and the Lamonika Symptom. Manua Multivariate Analysis of Variability (MANOVA) There is a significant difference between students with and without learning disability in resiliency, emotional deficiency and empathy. So, resiliency and empathy in students with learning disabilities were less and in emotional deficits more than students without learning disabilities

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancers and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of death anxiety andAnxiety sensitivity in Prediction of Intolerance of Uncertainty in patients with lung cancer. This study was correlational. The research population consisted of all patients with lung cancer in hospitals of Ardabil province in 2017. 93 individuals were selected as the total available sampling and responded to Intolerance of Uncertainty, death anxiety and anxiety sensitivity questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of correlation coefficients showed that Intolerance of Uncertainty has a negative relationship with death anxiety, Anxiety sensitivity and its components Regression analysis also showed that 27 Percent of the total variance of Intolerance of Uncertainty is explained by death anxiety and Anxiety sensitivity. The results of this study indicate that death anxiety and Anxiety sensitivity have a meaningful ability to predict Intolerance of Uncertainty. The results of this study suggest the need for educational and psychological programs along with medical programs to reduce and deal with stress and death anxiety to increase the Intolerance of Uncertainty in patients with lung cancer.

About 5% to 15% of the general population is affected by subclinical hypothyroidism. This disorder is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is a major cause of mortality in patients on dialysis. Since the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism leads to recovery of cardiac muscle plasticity and dyslipidemia, screening is essential.
The present case-control study was performed during autumn of 2016 at Imam Ali Hospital (Bojnurd, North Khorasan Province, Iran) on patients on dialysis. Overall, 47 patients, including 21 subjects with normal serum TSH and Free T4 as the case group and 26 subjects with normal thyroid hormone as the control group, were selected and their Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), FT3, FT4, iPTH, triglycerides, cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and calcium were measured. Chi-square test was used to compare the two groups in terms of gender. Independent t-test was used to compare mean age, body mass index, and other factors. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between variables.
A significant correlation was observed between the mean BMI (22.3 ± 6.8 kg/m2), Triglyceride (TG) (246 ± 126 mg/dl), and Ca (8.5 ± 1.8 mg/dl), and also there were no significant differences in lipid parameters in the case group (P The findings of the current study showed obesity and triglyceridemia in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism deficiency compared to patients without this problem, also it was indicated that PTH has a correlation with dyslipidemia.

Multiple Sclerosis as a chronic disease causes stress, anxiety, depression and other mental health problems for reasons such as sudden onset, lack of prognosis and definitive treatment. Therefore, the present study was carried out aimed at the role of illness perception and perceived social support in predicting psychological distress of MS patients.
The method used in this research was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all of the MS patients who referred to the welfare center of Ardabil to obtain the medical services and formed the file in the first half of 2014. Of this population, 60 individuals were selected as the total available sampling. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support, questionnaire of illness perception and the measures of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21) were used to collect data. Also, in order to analyze the data Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were used on the software SPSS -16 (p The results showed that in patients with MS, all components of illness perception except (outcome of disease, personal control and illness integrity) have a significant correlation with (anxiety, stress and depression) (p The results of this research support the role of illness perception and perceived social support in predicting psychological distress in MS patients. So, given the higher levels of psychological injuries and disturbances in patients with multiple sclerosis, identification of causal and underlying factors seems necessary in maintaining and improving the health and psychological well-being in this group of chronic patients.

The strong correlation between vascular calcification and cardiovascular risk, which is a major cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients, has been well established. Fetuin-A is an inhibitor of vascular calcification, and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is produced at the site of inflammation, which is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main purpose of this study was evaluating the correlation between fetuin-A and PTX3with some biochemical parameters effective upon vascular calcification in HD patients.
We included 84 HD patients and 84 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) in this study. Blood samples were drawn from all subjects and the serum levels of creatinine, urea, albumin, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), parathyroid hormone, fetuin-A, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and PTX3were measured by biochemical methods.
We found that the serum levels of PTX3, C-reactive protein (CRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, and P in the patient group were significantly higher than the control group but the serum levels of fetuin-A and albumin were significantly lower in the patient group. Also, fetuin-A had a significant correlation with high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) as well as duration of dialysis. In addition, it was shown that the correlation between PTX3 and PTH was significant only in the patient group.
In this study, increased PTX3 and decreased fetuin-A levels were observed in the HD patients. According to our results, these 2 parameters may potentially serve as suitable markers for inflammation and prediction of vascular complications in these patients.

Aim: Drug abuse is one of the most important mental concerns and most harmful social damages in the present time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on admission of treatment plan in marijuana, phencyclidine and ketamine abusers.
This semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group was performed in 6 addiction treatment centers in Ardabil, Iran, in the fall of 2016. Using available sampling method, 40 samples from marijuana, phencyclidine and ketamine abusers were selected. The DUDIT questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using the ANCOVA covariance analysis in SPSS 21 software.
Findings: In the pre-test, the control and experimental groups had a mean of 107.60±13.02 and 102.05±18.80, respectively (p>0.05). These values were 101.60±17.16 and 140.04±25.55 in the post-test, respectively (p=0.001).
Acceptance and commitment therapy increases the admission of treatment plan in marijuana, phencyclidine and ketamine abusers.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional management training and self-confidence in decreasing recurrence of opiate users in Ardabil City¡ Iran.
This experimental study was carried out with pretest/posttest design with control group in patients referred to Ardabil addiction treatment centers in 2015. 40 opiate addicts were selected by available sampling method according to the criteria for entering and leaving and obtaining medical certificate confirmation. They were divided into two groups of 20 experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of emotional and self-confidence training and the control group spent their daily routine. The data were collected using the predictive scale of Wright''s slip and return and demographic data in 3 steps (pre-test¡ post-test¡ and followup 3 months after the end of the intervention) and analyzed by repeated variance analysis.
There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test¡ post-test and follow-up to return to addiction in the two experimental and control groups. Also¡ the effect of teaching emotional management and self-confidence on return to addiction was 0.056. There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test¡ post-test and followup of desire in two groups of experiment and control.
Emotion management and self-confidence training is effective in reducing slipping and preventing recurrence in opioid users.

Nowadays, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known as an epidemic disease all around the world. Chronic kidney disease considered as a serious health problem with numerous side effects, including complications progressive in reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR), imbalances in the homeostasis of the body and decreased quality of life and finally an increase in mortality due to cardiovascular problems. End-stage renal disease leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, that as a result of, parathyroid hormone (PTH) will increased that secondary hyperparathyroidism will occurred eventually. So it is essential to routine examination of electrolytes in these patients. The current study have been done to determine the electrolytes in saliva as a non-invasive sample in hemodialysis patients in order to the saliva to be presented as an appropriate samples for clinical laboratories.
In the present case-control study that has been performed at Imam Ali Hospital, Bojnord, North Khorasan Province, Iran, in the summer of 2016, 44 hemodialysis patients and 44 aged, gender and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy controls were selected and then their cell count, Hb, HCT, iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), glucose, CRP, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and PTH were measured.
Calcium and phosphorus were higher in hemodialysis patients in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, there are not any significant relationship between levels of calcium, phosphorus and potassium in both serum and saliva samples. In addition, we observed the positive relationship between PTH in serum as well as phosphorus and potassium in the saliva.
The findings of current study have been shown that salivary levels of calcium and phosphorus in hemodialysis patients is higher than healthy people, therefor could be a non- invasive suitable marker for diagnosis. In addition, blood PTH levels in hemodialysis patients is associated with salivary levels of phosphorus and potassium, so, perhaps these parameters marked PTH's representative in the blood with further investigation of saliva’s electrolytes.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of this neoplasm is critical and may reduce patients’ mortality. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules whose expression pattern can be altered in various diseases such as CRC.
In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of miR-142-3p, miR-26a-5p (their reduced expression in plasma samples of CRC patients was previously confirmed), miR-4478 and miR-1295-3p (their reduced expression in stool samples of CRC patients was previously confirmed) in tissue samples of CRC patients in comparison to healthy subjects.
To achieve this purpose, total RNA including small RNA was extracted from 53 CRC and 35 normal subjects’ Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples using the miRNeasy FFPE Mini Kit. The expression levels of these four selected miRNAs were measured using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).
We found that the expression levels of miR-4478 and miR-1295b-3p (two previously down-regulated fecal miRNAs) were significantly decreased in FFPE samples of CRC patients compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, no significant differences were seen in expression levels of miR-142-3p and miR-26a-5p (two previously down-regulated circulating miRNAs) in FFPE samples between these two groups.
Regarding current findings, it may be concluded that to diagnose CRC patients based on the miRNAs approach, stool samples are more likely preferable to plasma samples; nevertheless, additional studies with more samples are needed to confirm the results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of positive and negative emotions and cognitive modes in anticipation of nurses was procrastination. The research was descriptive population of nurses city of Ardabil. To this end, 200 nurses working in hospitals in the city of Ardabil were selected by simple random sampling. For data collection questionnaire scale of procrastination behavior, positive and negative affect scale assessment and questionnaire was used MCT modes. Data obtained using Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression analysis was used.
Finding indicated that procrastination behavior is negatively correlated with positive affect there is a significant variable (r=-0.23) and the relationship between procrastination behavior with positive affect were significantly (r=0.10) .The procrastination behavior and significant negative relationship with the metacognitive beliefs (r=-0.22). Multiple regression analysis showed that positive affect significant predictors of procrastination behavior. Among the components of metacognitive beliefs except positive beliefs about worry other components of metacognition predictors of procrastination behaviors.
The results showed that positive and negative emotions and beliefs procrastination significant relationship with the nurses, so it is recommended that further research be conducted for intervention to reduce procrastination nurses training protocol increased cognitive skills and be used to manage feelings.

Considering the high prevalence of mental health problems caused by infertility in infertile women, and the necessity to know their mental state to carry out interventions to help them, this study was done to evaluate resiliency, meta-emotional beliefs, and psychological well-being in fertile and infertile women.
This is a causal-comparative study. The study population included all infertile women referred to health centers in the Meshginshahr in 2014. The study sample consisted of 80 infertile women and 80 fertile women, selected through convenience sampling method. Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Positive Metacognitions and Positive Meta-Emotions Questionnaire and Psychological Well-being Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance by SPSS software.
Our findings indicate that there are significant differences between fertile and infertile women in resiliency (P According to our findings which imply lower levels of resilience, meta-emotional beliefs, and psychological well-being in infertile women than in fertile women, closer attention to infertile women's mental health and devising interventions to help them is warranted.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of early and late complications of lumbar spine fusion surgery in Alzahra and Kashani hospitals, Isfahan city, Iran, during 2011-2015.
In a cross-sectional study, all the patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion surgery from the early 2011 until the end of 2015 were studied for the early and late complications caused by spine fusion.
Findings: In this study, 326 patients were evaluated where 51 patients (15.6%) had postoperative complications. Type of complications included 4 cases (7.8%) of symptomatic hematoma, 9 cases (17.6%) of techal injury, 6 cases (11.8%) of decrease in muscle strength, 7 cases (13.7%) of fractures or displacement on instrument, 15 cases (29.4%) of superficial and deep infection, 2 cases (9.3%) of deep vein thrombosis, 2 cases (3.9%) of problem in screw place, 1 case (2%) of root damage and 5 cases of other complications.
The incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing spine fusion is high and among the complications, infection was the most common early complication and force reduction is the highest late complication. Therefore, care is required after surgery and lifestyle modification and control of the underlying disease such as diabetes is a priority.

Micromilling is a suitable method for fabrication of miniature parts with 3D complex geometries. This method has wide applications in fabricating of medical micro tools. Titanium alloys were used in medical applications extensively due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Owing to the fabricating of micro parts in implants and medical tools, studying the micromilling of titanium alloys becomes more important. In this study, the surface roughness produced by micromilling of Ti6Al4V alloy is investigated. Spindle speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut have been considered as cutting parameters. Micromilling has been done with three lubricating and cooling conditions: dry, wet and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). TiAlN coated carbide micro-end mill tool with the diameter of 0.5mm were used. Taguchi method has been used to design and analyze the experiments. The results showed that the surface roughness is minimized by the use of the minimum quantity of lubricant. Surface roughness decreased with the increase in cutting speed and feed, regardless of the lubrication and cooling condition. The minimum surface roughness was 118 nm in the condition of spindle speed= 30000 rpm, feed rate= 0.8 µm/tooth and depth of cut= 60 µm.

This research performed with the aim of the effectiveness of pain management and supportive psychotherapy on alleviating pain tramadol desuetude. This research was a kind of semi-exprimental with (pretest- posttest) control group design. Three equivalent groups (two experimental groups and one control group) were assigned from tramadol drug users which refered to Shafaa Desuetude Addiction Center in 1393(solar year). First group gave pain management education and control group received supportive psychotherapy for 90 minutes in 7 session. McGill pain questionnaire was used in two phase of pre-test and post-test. Mancova Covariance analysis was used to analyze data. The results showed that there is no significant and meaningful differences in scores between the two experimental groups however, there was a significant and meaningful difference between two control groups in the mentioned variables. The results obtained from evaluation of two treatment methods (pain management and supportive psychotherapy) support relief of pain. These two methods that was used to control and relief desuetude pain has special importance. According to the results obtained from research, we suggest two treatment methods, pain management and supportive psychotherapy) ought to used in this Desuetude Addiction Centers to relieve pain of addiction (druggies).

Since possible causes, but no definitive causes, of bad sleep has been identified, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressions, alexithymia and sleep quality with descriptive-correlation method. This study descriptive correlational study was conducted on 120 (60 mal, 60 female) students of Tabriz University that were selected by random sampling. Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test and multivariate regression analysis methods. There was a significant relationship between d epression and s leep quality in students, as well as between a lexithymia and its components. Multivariate regression analysis (step by step) showed that the two components of a lexithymia include: difficulty identifying feelings and d ifficulty describing feelings predicts of s leep quality. This study confirmed the relationship between depression and alexithymia via sleep quality.