m. alizadeh

Since the characters are the best manifestation of the author's feelings and beliefs and the psychology of personality types is very important in knowing the characters, the present research aims to investigate the characteristics of types three and four of the nine personality types (Enneagram), among the theories in the field Characterization has been done. The statistical community of this research is the collection of stories "Havali Kafe Shuka" by Yar Ali Pourmoghadam.

In this research, the method of collecting information is library type and descriptive-analytical research method.

A comparative analysis of the characters of the story collection "Havali Kafe Shuka" based on three and four personality types of the Enneagram shows that the author has focused more on some moral characteristics and characteristics of these types in this collection of stories. In type number three, features such as neuroticism, addiction to lying, compromise (Martha); Imagination, extroversion and attention seeking, narcissism (fortune teller) are represented in characters more than other characteristics of this type. The characters of Marta and fortune teller can be seen as symbols of these characteristics. In type number four, there are also characteristics such as being emotional, having morbid and desperate thoughts, revenge and introversion (Stella); Depression, self-isolation and intense emotionality (Almas) have been represented in characters more than other characteristics of this type.

With his art, Pourmoghadam has created a close relationship between the characteristics of the characters and the atmosphere of the formation of the story, in the sense that by using the appropriate environment with intellectual characteristics, he has been able to highlight their thoughts in the context of the story with complete mastery. In general, most of the characters in the stories are lonely, isolated, depressed, sick people, with mental problems and mental-psychological depression, whose environment is the driving factor for many of their actions. The fictional characters of Pourmoghadam represent the thoughts, actions, behavior and speech of their author's society; The thoughts that originate from his relationship with the culture of the south and the customs of the society and the people that he revealed their thoughts by reproducing the dialects.

This study investigates the effect of precipitation treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the high-entropy FeNi1.5CrCu0.5 alloy. The samples were first homogenized at 1080 °C for 12 hours, followed by precipitation treatment at 800 °C for 6, 24, and 48 hours. The microstructure of the samples was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of Cr23C6 precipitates. The results demonstrated that the precipitation treatment effectively eliminated chromium-rich regions at the grain boundaries, and resulted in a more uniform microstructure after cold rolling and subsequent annealing. Mechanical properties, analyzed through shear punch testing, revealed that following cold rolling with an 80% thickness reduction and annealing at 1000 °C, the precipitated samples exhibited superior strength and ductility compared to the homogenized sample. The formation of Cr23C6 precipitates and the reduction in grain size were primary factors contributing to the improved mechanical properties. This study demonstrated that precipitating treatment significantly enhanced the strength and ductility of the FeNi1.5CrCu0.5 alloy.

Star Employees are high performers who have little chance of staying with an organization unless they can get more value than what they have created. Identifying and keeping star employees is the concern of many organizations today. This research seeks to identify the factors that Retention organizational stars.

This research was conducted using a mixed method. First, using the qualitative method of content analysis, the dimensions of the star employee model and their retention techniques were identified, and then confirmed by the structural equation modeling method of the star employee model, and finally, after identifying the star employees, the retention techniques was extracted using the fuzzy Delphi technique. The statistical population of this study consists of Petroleum engineering and development company managers and their subordinate Star employees. To collect data, the purposeful sampling method was used with 8 selected experts through a questionnaire in person.

Research findings showed that the Star employees are people with six characteristics: performance (β = 0.865, p < 0.01), visibility (β = 0.737, p < 0.01), social capital (β = 0.537, p < 0.01), status (β = 0.891, p < 0.01), creativity (β = 0.905, p < 0.01) and rareness and inimitability (β = 0.913, p < 0.01). Also, 16 indicators were identified as the retention factors of Star employees by fuzzy Delphi method. These factors were classified in the form of two dimensions "focus on the individual/organization" and "short-term/long-term time".

Based on the research results, in order to retention star employees, organizations should use different techniques: job design in such a way that there is freedom of action, work independence and flexibility, creating a flexible and creative work environment, creating a flexible and agile organizational structure and to benefit from a learning organization with a suitable social position, so that they can benefit from their capabilities and capacities in realizing organizational goals.

In recent years, the use of organic acids has increased due to their role in the quantitative and qualitative yield and resistance to environmental stresses. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the important antioxidants and plays a role as the primary substrate in cyclic pathways to remove toxicity and neutralize superoxide and single oxygen radicals. Ascorbate is also involved in the regulation of cell division and photosynthesis and has nutritional value for humans and is probably important for the tolerance of plants against photo-oxidative stress. Oxalic acid is a metabolic end product in plants that has many physiological functions, the main ones is the induction of resistance to disease and environmental stress by increasing the activity of enzymes involved in resistance and secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoid, etc. Considering the importance of the physiological traits of the plant in the production of quantitative and qualitative yield of strawberry and on the other hand, the lack of sufficient information about the effect of external application of ascorbic acid and oxalic acid on the physiological traits of the plant, the present research work aimed to investigate some physiological and qualitative traits of strawberry leaves and fruits affected by foliar spraying of ascorbic acid and oxalic acid.

The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Darkalate village of Ramiyan city of Golestan province to investigate some physiological responses of strawberry cv. Camarosa to the foliar application of organic acids. The experimental treatments consisted of three levels: non-spraying as control, spraying with 1 mM ascorbic acid and 1 mM oxalic acid, which was performed in three stages (from end flowering stage to the green fruit stage) at 6 days intervals. Finally, three plants were selected from each experimental unit and leaf samples were taken and transferred to the laboratory to measure physiological traits i.e. leaf area, fresh and dry weights, total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total sugars, total phenols and flavonoids. Also, when at least 75 percent of the fruit surface turned red, the fruits were harvested from each plot separately and immediately transferred to the Plant Physiology Laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The physicochemical traits of strawberry fruits including total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), flavor index, vitamin C, total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanins were measured. Analysis of data were performed using SAS 9.2 statistical software and comparison of mean data were undertaken based on LSD statistical test.

The results showed that the foliar application of ascorbic acid and organic acid had a significant effect on the leaf area, fresh and dry weights, total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total sugars, phenols and flavonoids. The highest mean leaf area (314.08 cm2), leaf fresh and dry weights (1.78 and 0.56 grams, respectively), chlorophyll a (0.43 mg/g), total carotenoids (0.29 mg/g), total sugars (1.43 µg/g), total phenols (0.70 mg/g) and flavonoids (0.19 mg/g) were observed in the application of oxalic acid. The control had the lowest mean in all studied traits (except carotenoids). The application of both ascorbic acid and oxalic acid resulted in an increase in photosynthetic pigments, elevating the total chlorophyll content by an average of 22% compared to the control group. Additionally, foliar spraying with ascorbic and oxalic acid led to higher levels of total soluble solids, increased antioxidant activity, and enhanced total flavonoid content in the fruit compared to the control group.Moreover, fruits harvested from plants treated with oxalic acid before harvest exhibited higher levels of total anthocyanin and phenol compared to fruits from plants treated with ascorbic acid before harvest and the control group. Fruits of plants treated with ascorbic acid compared to plants treated with oxalic acid had lower vitamin C and titratable acidity and higher flavor index. The physiological influence of oxalic acid was more superior than that of ascorbic acid and had higher positive effects in the studied traits were recorded. However, since ascorbate is one of the precursors of oxalic acid biosynthesis. Therefore, the changes caused by oxalic acid are indirectly influenced by ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid acts as a cofactor in photosynthetic reactions and prevents the destruction of chlorophylls and carotenoids due to its antioxidant property, and by interfering in cell division and increasing the surface area of leaves; it increases photosynthesis and the production of carbohydrates. In general, according to the results, it was found that the application of ascorbic acid and oxalic acid improved the quality characteristics and the content of health related compounds of Camarosa strawberry fruit by increasing photosynthetic pigments and biomass.

In the social accountability of the curriculum, all medical education activities are aimed at training doctors who are able to meet the health needs of society. In Iran's medical education system, there is a weakness in responding to the needs of society, and the connection between students and society has gradually weakened. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a clinical education curriculum model based on social accountability for general medicine students.

A sequential exploratory mixed-method approach was used to conduct this study at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The model was designed using the inductive content analysis method in the qualitative stage and validated through the descriptive-survey method in the quantitative stage. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, the method of studying previous documents, scientific texts and semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists was used, and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used. The model was developed using the views of 14 professors and 5 general practitioners, selected through purposive and sequential sampling until information saturation was reached.  The model was validated by obtaining opinions from 15 experts using a purposeful and criteria-based method. The content validity ratio (CVR) was estimated using the Lawshe's formula.

In the qualitative phase, this study identified the characteristics of an ideal clinical education curriculum for a general medicine course based on a social responsibility approach. The characteristics identified were based on the four elements of Tyler's model. Based on the findings of this part of the research, the extracted codes in 114 subcategories and 13 main categories include goals: knowledge, attitude, and skills; Content: clinical sciences and skills, health sciences, behavioral sciences, social and professional ethics, communication and leadership skills, and content organization; Teaching-learning methods educational strategies, and teaching-learning methods; Assessment methods performance assessment in vivo, performance assessment in vitro, and essay assignments. In the quantitative phase, the designed model's components and elements underwent validation through expert agreement and received approval with a content validity ratio of CVR=0.81.

In the proposed pattern, the clinical competencies required by general practitioners were the main focus of designing, explaining and describing curriculum elements. Also, this model is designed in such a way that it can meet the needs of society and medical students. It is suggested that medical school officials and curriculum planners use the proposed model in designing the curriculum of general medicine courses to enable medical students to respond to the needs of society.

This article deals with the life and times of Olga Taussky-Todd‎, ‎the first female professor of mathematics at the‎
‎California Institute of Technology‎, ‎and her decades-long quest in Europe and the United States for a permanent academic position‎.

Sustainable development aquaculture industry entails the expansion of environmentally friendly systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental aspects of biofloc technology system (BFT) in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture. This research was performed on two systems including, Biofloc and flow-through system (FTS). Each system had three replications and carried-out for six months and sampled at intervals of 15 days. The density in each 30m3 pond was 1500 juveniles of Tilapia (25 g b/w each). The studied parameters include fish weight, oxygen, temperature, ammonium, nitrite, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) of effluent, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate, and cost of culture. The results indicated that temperature, oxygen, nitrite, and ammonium were significant different (p<0.05) and lowest level of NO3(0.004mg/L), NH4 (0.002 mg/L) observed in BFT. There were significantly different between growth indices and all physiochemical factors except for pH, during the time. Effluent factors include BOD, COD and TDS in BFT were significantly lower than FTS (p<0.05). The quality of the effluent in BFT contained only 5%of the food with the effluent and 25% of the food reused in the food chain, while in flow-through, 25-30% of food discharged along with FTS. The water exchange rate in BFT was 1.5m3/day(5%/day) and in flow-through was 30m3/day (0.3 L/s). The cost of feeding in BFT was 25% lower than FTS system. Therefore, the results revealed that BFT, in addition to water quality improvement, leads to less feed consumption, higher quality production, and less environmental pollution.

In the present work, it was tried to improve the electrochemical efficiency of aluminum base sacrificial anodes with Al-Zn-Mn-Fe alloy by two mechanical and chemical methods and to compare the effect of these methods. In this regard, the melt shearing process at 0, 2 and 4 minutes was used as a mechanical method and the addition of bismuth, lithium and tin elements was used as a chemical method. The results of the microstructure investigation using optical (OM) and transmission electron (SEM) microscopes revealed that the melt shearing process leads to grain refinement, increasing the number of equiaxed grains and reducing the size of intermetallic compounds. With increasing the melt shearing time, the effect of microstructure modification increased and therefore the electrochemical efficiency of the samples increased so that the 4 minute sample showed the most modification of structure and the highest electrochemical efficiency. Also, the results showed that among the additive elements, adding Bi caused the best electrochemical efficiency. The results of comparing the effect of mechanical modification and chemical modification demonstrated that the effect of chemical modification is far better than the mechanical modification. The electrochemical efficiency of the mentioned alloy without melt cutting and chemical additives was 11%, but by applying melt cutting in 4 minutes, the efficiency increased to 15%, while due to the addition of bismuth, the electrochemical efficiency increased from 15% to 68%.

 Pear (Pyrus communis L.) is one of the major fruit trees in the world which grown in temperate zones. In pear breeding program the bigger fruit size with better quality as well as market acceptability are usually in interest. In fruit trees, the size and yield of fruit are closely depended on cultivar and rootstocks. The variations of nutrient uptake, water use efficiency, photosynthesis performance, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses have been reported among different combinations of cultivars and rootstocks. Therefore there is a close relation between cultivar and rootstock with yield and quality of produced fruits. In recent years the semi dwarf clonal rootstocks of pear including OH×F, Pyro and FOX series have received more attention. However the performance of these rootstocks varies depending on scion cultivar, climatic condition, soil type, and planting system.

 This experiment was conducted to assay the growth characters and fruit yield of Dargazi and Louise Bonne (Beyrouti) grafted onto PyroDwarf and OH×F69 rootstocks at the Orchard of Astan Quds Razavi, Mashhad, Iran (36°17' N, 59°36' E; altitude. 985 m) during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The experiment in both consecutive years was done as a factorial in the base of randomized complete blocks with four replications. The studied cultivars were grafted onto PyroDwarf and OH×F69 rootstocks in late spring 2016. The used water was pit water with 695 µSiemens/cm EC and pH 7.17. Evaluation of plant growth was carried out at the end of the season. The studied traits were included tree height, internode length, vertical and horizontal growth of shoots in the current season, trunk diameter above, below and in the grafting line, leaf area, shoots angel and the number of sucker per tree. These characters were assayed in three trees per each replication. The trunk diameter at the below and above the grafting line was calculated according to trunk circumference that was measured at 10 cm above and below the grafting point. Leaf area in each tree was assayed with area measuring device. Flowering characteristics (start blooming and end of bloom) were determined. Fruit ripening season was also recorded. Yield of trees was assayed by weighting of produced fruits in each tree with a digital scale. The combined analysis of obtain data was conducted by SPSS and differences among means of data were determined by Duncan's multiple ranges test at P≤0.05. The reported data was the mean of two studied years.

 The obtained results showed the variation in growth and bearing properties of different combinations of Beyrouti and Dargazi cultivars with PyroDwarf and OH×F69 rootstocks throughout the studied years. The analysis variance showed the significant effect of year, cultivar and rootstock on growth characteristics of pear tree. Also the interaction effects of cultivar and rootstock were significant on tree growth response with exception of internode length. The most studied parameters showed a significant increasing during the two consecutive years. During the studied years the height and width of pear trees were increased up to 10.44 and 14.54%, respectively and the trunk diameter was increased by 10%. According to obtained results the growth of Dargazi cultivar was higher than the Beyrouti cultivar. The effect of OH×F69 rootstock on growth increasing of studied cultivars was prominent than PyroDwarf regards to tree height, shoot length and internode length. However the highest trunk diameter and leaf area density of both cultivars was found in PyroDwarf rootstock. Although the time of blooming and fruit ripening of each cultivar was not influenced by the rootstock but the bearing characters were varied between the Dargazi and Beyrouti cultivars. The highest yield of pear fruit was obtained in Dargazi cultivar and grafting onto PyroDwarf rootstock significantly enhanced the fruit yield in both cultivars.

 The rootstocks have a key role on growth and yield of pear trees as well as their responses to abiotic stress. Rootstocks through influencing the physiological characteristics of grafted scions regulate the quantity and quality of produced fruits. The results of present study showed the variation in growth and bearing properties of different combinations of Beyrouti and Dargazi cultivars with PyroDwarf and OH×F69 rootstocks throughout the studied years. The PyroDwarf rootstock greatly reduced the tree growth and enhanced fruit yield of both Dargazi and Beyrouti cultivars. According to the obtained results the PyroDwarf rootstock is recommended for Dargazi cultivar to reach the highest pear fruit yield under similar environmental condition of present study.

Managing pain and mental distress in cancer patients is one of the main priorities of care. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing on pain intensity in cancer patients with 24-month follow-up.

The present clinical trial study was conducted on cancer patients suffering from pain at Shahid Jalil Hospital, Yasuj, in 2019. A total of 60 patients were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control based on the allocation of random blocks and in parallel. In the intervention group, the technique of desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing in 7 one-hour sessions daily (one session per day) was held individually in the counseling room. In the control group, no intervention was performed by the researcher and they received only routine hospital treatment and care. The severity of pain and mental distress of patients before the intervention, after the intervention and at 24-month follow-up in both groups was measured by the pain rating scale and the mental distress scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test and analysis of variance using SPSS 24 software.

Analysis of variance with repeated measures disclosed that the mean pain intensity in the intervention group, before, after the intervention and at 24-month follow-up were 0.73±9.46, 1.51±3/03 and 1.23±5.66 respectively which had a statistically significant decrease (p<0.0001). Moreover, mental distress in patients in the intervention group before and after the intervention, and at 24-month follow-up, respectively; 0.56±9.76, 1.52±3.26 and 1.62±6.61 which had a statistically significant decrease(p<0.0001). In the control group, using repeated measures analysis of variance, the mean pain intensity and mental distress before, after, and 24-month follow-up were not statistically significant(p> 0.05).

The results indicated that the method of desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing was effective in reducing pain in cancer patients and its effect was still lasting after 24 months of follow-up. Therefore, it is recommended to use this new and effective method in reducing pain in cancer patients.

Studies show that single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HOTAIR gene are associated with a variety of cancers, including colorectal, breast, and thyroid cancers. The product of the HOTAIR gene is a long non-coding RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression, cell cycle and apoptosis and is considered an oncogene. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between HOTAIR rs1899663 G>T gene polymorphism and thyroid cancer susceptibility in northwestern Iran.

In this case-control study, peripheral blood was obtained from 90 patients with thyroid cancer referred to Tabriz hospitals as well as 198 healthy individuals. After DNA extraction by saturated salt and proteinase K method, single nucleotide polymorphism of HOTAIR rs1899663 gene was examined by tetra-primers ARMS PCR. Then, allelic and genotypic frequencies of control and case groups were calculated and compared.

In this study, the genotypic frequencies of GG, GT and TT in the case group were 23.3%, 49% and 27.7%, and in the control group were 20.2%, 41% and 38.8%, respectively. Allele frequencies of G and T were 48% and 52.2% in the case group and 41% and 59% in the control group, respectively. Allelic and genotypic comparisons between case and control groups showed no significant relationship.

The results of the study showed that HOTAIR rs1899663 gene polymorphism is not associated with any of the clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer.

Studies indicate that single nucleotide polymorphism of ICB-1 gene rs1467465 is associated with breast cancer and ovarian cancer. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the association between ICB-1 gene polymorphism rs1467465 (A>G) and thyroid cancer susceptibility.

In this case-control study, the peripheral blood of 92 thyroid cancer patients referred to Tabriz hospitals and 203 healthy individuals were prepared. After DNA extraction by saturated salt solution, single nucleotide polymorphism rs1467465 of ICB-1 gene was investigated by TETRA-ARMS-PCR method. Then, allelic and genotypic frequencies of patient and control groups were evaluated and compared.

In this study, the genotypic frequency of AA, AG and GG in the patient group was 4.34%, 68.47% and 27.17%, respectively, and in the control group was 4.92%, 55.66% and 39.40% respectively. The frequencies of A and G alleles were calculated as 38.58% and 61.41% in the patient group and 32.75% and 67.24% in the control group, respectively. In this study, the relationship between this polymorphism and some clinical and pathological characteristics of thyroid cancer, including gender, age, type, grade and size of tumor, involvement of lymph nodes and involved side, was investigated.

This study showed that AG and GG genotypes have a significant relationship with the risk of developing thyroid tumors in the studied population, and this polymorphism may contribute to determining the relative risk of developing thyroid tumors.

This paper presents the bending analysis of simply supported Functionally Graded (FG) size-dependent beams based on modi ed strain gradient theory. Shear and normal deformations are considered in displacement eld according to hyperbolic shear deformation theory. Governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions for FG micro beam are derived utilizing principle of minimum total potential energy. Mori- Tanaka homogenization scheme and the classical rule of mixture are used for prediction of material properties through the thickness. E ects of Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation parameters are studied at di erent side-to-thickness ratios. E ects of di erent aspect ratios, elastic foundation parameters, power law gradient indexes, and di erent loading conditions are investigated. The eciency and accuracy of the presented model is demonstrated against the existing results in particular cases.

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of Eco-Innovations (EI) in agricultural production cooperatives in Iran. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to the research. The qualitative section included semi-structured interviews, face-to-face interviews, and brainstorming sessions, and the quantitative section included descriptive statistical and spatial and Bayesian probit models to estimate the model of research. SPSS and MATLAB software was used in this study. SPSS software was used to describe the variables, explain the types of EIs and their effects and comparison of adopters and non- adopters, and MATLAB software was used for the estimation of the model. The data of 300 members of agricultural production cooperatives in Khouzestan Province, Iran, were collected based on random sampling, in 2020 summer. The research examined the different types of EIs. For comparison of adopter and non-adopter characteristics, a t-test and Mann-Whitney test (MW) were used. The results of the t-test showed that there was a significant difference between age, income, crop yield, and farm size for adopters and non-adopters of EI. The Mann Whitney U test (MW) showed significant difference between farmers’ education level, EI awareness, attitude toward EI, EI knowledge, willingness to creativity, being risk oriented, and access to information of adopters and non-adopters of EI. Based on the results obtained from the spatial models, with a probability of 99%, both models were significant. Based on the results of the estimation of spatial models, the independent variables and the spatial autoregressive coefficient had significant role on adoption of EI. For practical implications, it can be said that cooperative members, when adopting the EIs, can use the proposed model that is appropriate to their field of work. This study conducted a critical review before specifically recommending how cooperatives become eco-innovators.

Management experts believe that in order to achieve competitive advantage, Human resource management is the most important factor, because human capital according to characteristics such as: scarcity, value creation, irreplaceability and imitation, it is different from other organizational assets. Due to the importance of human resource management, this study seeks to describe the 100-year historical trend of human resource management in the world, Iran and Municipality of Tehran.

In this research, the philosophy of interpretive research, inductive research approach, historical research strategy are selected and the method of data collection is library and field with document review tools and semi-structured interviews. The historical sources studied in this research include: theoretical literature of human resources, laws and regulations of human resources in different periods of the municipality, employment regulations, strategic documents and human resources and five-year development plans of Tehran. For this purpose, non-random and purposeful sampling was performed from the research community, which includes senior managers of human resources of Municipality of Tehran, who have been in charge since 1987. In this way, 10 people were interviewed. Data analysis was performed by qualitative content analysis.

Human resource management in the world can be divided into 10 periods: before the Industrial Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the emergence of modern companies, scientific management, social welfare movement, industrial psychology, World War I. After World War II, industrial relations divided the emergence of the field of human resource management, strategic focus on human resource management and human resource management in the era of cloud and mobile technology. The study of the historical trend of human resource management in Iran has been influenced by the employment laws of the country in 1922, 1966 and 2007 and according to it, the country is witnessing a change in human resource management from traditional (administrative and recruitment) to specialized and professional (strategic). Human resource management in Municipality of Tehran in the framework of the mission, development programs and development documents of human resources in the direction of playing administrative (recruitment, selection, promotion) and executive roles (training, development, empowerment, succession) has taken many steps and with simultaneous focus on inside and outside the organization, has moved towards urban Human resource management.

The results of the research provide important information about the historical course of Human resource management in three levels of the world, Iran and Municipality of Tehran, and by studying it, the gap between human resource management activities and measures are achieved.

The present study was conducted to mapping the groundwater quality of Yazd-Ardakan plain to find the appropriate areas for the integrated aquaculture and agriculture. An integrated analysis of spatial and filed data from multiple sources including cations, anions, hardness, alkalinity, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the temperature was performed in 37 agricultural wells. The geographic information system was carried out to prepare the different data layers and classified based on the standards for warm water (Carps) and cold water (Trout) aquaculture. The comparison of maps indicated that concerning the obtained data, it has no possibility to explore a unique region with the highest desirability towards the followed purpose. Furthermore, the northern parts of the study area were dominantly illustrated more appropriate for the culture of cold-water fish, accordingly. The main limiting factors for the warm-water fish were sulfate and magnesium ions in the water resources accounted for 118-354 mg/L and 1132-3085 mg/L, respectively. Conclusively, the agri-aqaculture development strongly depended upon the applied aeration equipment to reduce restricting ions.

Recently, polarization sensitive Second Harmonic Generation (pSHG) microscopy has become a powerful tool for the study of the noncenterosymmetric biological structures. This is due to the fact that pSHG has some intrinsically benefits such as high resolution and contrast, and it can also penetrate deeply inside the sample in a noninvasive manner. One drawback for the pSHG technique is that the imaging procedure is not fast enough to study in vivo samples or to monitor the dynamics of different tissues. This issue imposes some limitations on using the pSHG technique to study in vivo samples. Fortunately, recently Single Scan polarization sensitive Second Harmonic Generation (SS-pSHG) technique has been introduced as a fast alternative for the conventional pSHG technique. In this article, the results obtained from ex vivo biological samples of starch, human cornea and animal tendon have been compared in a pixel-to-pixel manner using pSHG and SS-pSHG techniques in forward direction. Even though the samples used here are ex vivo, the results of this study promise that the polarization sensitive SHG microscopy techniques have a great potential to study biological tissues in a noninvasive procedure. This issue is more important especially in the cases that samples are in vivo.

The effect of different carbon sources in the biofloc system on growth performance, body biochemical compositions, digestive and hepatic enzymes of Nile tilapia was investigated in this research. Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with average weight of 1.57±0.12 g were cultured for 37 days in fiberglass tanks (130 L), at a density of one fish per liter. The experiment was designed in five treatments including one control group and four biofloc treatments by adding different carbon sources: molasses (BFTM) and starch (BFTS) (complex carbon sources), barley flour (BFTB) and corn (BFTC) (simple carbon sources). Results showed the lowest dissolved oxygen (5.45 mg. L-1), pH (7.25) and feed conversion rate (0.99) in BFTS treatment (p<0.05), while the latter showed the highest protein efficiency ratio (2.91) and survival rate (98.2%). There were no significant differences in growth performance among various treatments (p<0.05).Somatic indices improved in biofloc treatments compared to the control group. Bioflocs formed in different carbon sources showed different nutritional value (p<0.05) which affected the quality of carcass analysis. The highest amount of amylase (95.86 U/mg protein) and protease (17.77 U/mg protein) activities were obtained in BFTB treatment and the lowest amount of hepatic enzymes activity was observed in the BFTS treatment (p<0.05). Generally, the present study showed that cultured tilapia using in situ biofloc produced by different carbon sources can promote FCR, survival, body composition, digestive and hepatic enzymes compared to the control group. Improved digestive activities are more noticeable in complex carbon sources and hepatic enzymes activities are stronger in simple carbon sources.

The present study is conducted with the aim of Identifying and Prioritizing Effective Factors on rural and agricultural products marketing in Ilam province emphasizing the role of agricultural and rural cooperatives by AHP Method. Research Methodology This research is an applied and descriptive research. The executive process consists of two main steps. The first step is to identify and categorize the factors influencing marketing using the Delphi method. In the second step, we analyzed the data from the expert questionnaire using Expert Choice version 11 software. Based on the results of prioritization among the main criteria, infrastructure, institutional and legal factors with 0.52 standard weight were ranked first and management and marketing factors with 0.48 standard weight were ranked next. Also among the sub-criteria, infrastructure and rules with respect to 0.134 integrated weight, collecting and concentrating products with 0.124 integrated weight ranked first and second respectively. Among the sub-criteria related to management and marketing factors, advertising and promotion of products with integrated weight of 0.153 and training of residents of these areas with integrated weight of 0.106, respectively, ranked first and second in importance and priority, respectively.

Speech disfluency disorder is one of the most common speech disorders that may appear as normal or abnormal disfluency like stuttering. Child-teacher interaction is one procedure that may be helpful for school age children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of appropriate Child-teacher interaction on student's stuttering.

This research was a single subject study with AB design about impact of proper teacher's interaction on stuttering severity, stuttering attitude and communicative competence in classroom in a student who stutters by SS%, SSI4, CAT, and TASCC. After 6 therapeutic sessions of speech therapy, positive teacher intervention combined with speech therapy in 6 sessions. A follow-up session was also planned.

This study showed that after positive intervention of teacher with speech therapy, student's stuttering severity decreased from moderate to mild and the child's attitude toward stuttering shifted from negative to moderate. The results of the TASCC test also increased significantly during treatment. These results were maintained at the follow-up session.

The results of this study showed that application of helpful strategies for managing a classroom with the student who stutters are effective to reduce core behaviors, secondary behaviors and improve attitudes of student who stutters. More extensive studies are needed for more evidence.

The present study investigates the speed effect of rotational rotors on the performance of contra-rotating axial compressor and flow behavior. In the present study, a two-stage contra-rotating axial flow compressor with rotor-stator-rotor configuration is considered. The results are presented based on numerical viscous flow simulation in three dimensions by solving Navier-Stokes, continuity, and energy equations using Ansys CFX commercial software. Initially, to validate the results, the absolute and relative flow angle curves for each rotor in the radial direction were extracted using the present simulation and compared with the other investigations. To investigate the effect of different rotor speeds, five different speeds of the second rotor are considered. In the first and second cases, the second rotor speed is reduced by 20 to percent compared to the reference case (in the third case, the speeds of the first and second rotors are equal) and in the fourth and fifth cases, the speed of the second rotor is increased by to percent. The results show that increasing the second rotor speed in the fourth and fifth cases decreases the vortex flows, the blockage in the blade passage and consequently, decreases the flow entropy. The compressor performance curve shows a higher mass flow rate and pressure ratio. In contrast, decreasing the second rotor speed results in undesirable behavior in the flow structure even under design and choke conditions, leading to enhanced tip leakage flow and increased flow entropy which in turn decreases pressure ratio and mass flow rate as well. Results show that by reducing the revolution of the second rotor (in Cases I,II), the tip leakage flow is stronger, resulting in the interface of the main flow and tip clearance flow to upstream which creates vertical flows in design and chock conditions as well as stall condition. This occurrence causes an increase in the original losses and entropy in the compressor.

Agriculture of Iran is known worldwide for its pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and is one of the most important non-oil exports. Therefore, attempts to improve the yield can be one of the primary goals in the pistachio industry in Iran. Due to the drought problem in Iran, increasing the cultivation area to increase production may not be a good option. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the drought tolerance of different pistachio seedlings from open pollination and pollinated with domestic species pollen and controlled crosses using integerrima pollen in order to find the most tolerant genotypes.

The first step: Controlled pollination and hybrid seed production In order to produce hybrid seeds, a controlled pollination using integerrima pollen grains at Razavi Pistachio Research Institute was conducted for five cultivars; Ahmad Aghaei, Akbari, Sorkheh Hosseini, Garmeh and Fandoghi. Each replication had a tree and from each tree, seven branches were selected that had at least three to four flower buds and four branches from it for controlled pollination, two branches for open pollination and a branch was considered for negative control. Before the flower clusters were fully opened, 70% alcohol was sprayed on the branches to prevent the possibility of unwanted pollen. In order to ensure controlled pollination, in the bud swelling stage, the branches were isolated by double-layered bags measuring 30 × 45 cm. Pollen was collected from the Arzooieh area of Kerman province to select the male parent of integerrima. Then, a combination of flour and integerrima pollen (1:1 ratio) was injected into the insulating bags and pollination was performed. In late summer, hybrid seeds were harvested. The second stage: Drought resistance test of hybrids obtained from first step The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications at the research greenhouse located in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2019-2020. The treatments were consisted of ten pistachio genotypes; Ahmad Aghaei, Akbari, Sorkheh Hosseini, Garmeh, Fandoghi and (hybrids between integerrima as the pollinizer and genotypes of Ahmad Aghaie, Akbari, Sorkheh Hosseini, Garmeh and Fandoghi were applied as the maternal parent and three levels of drought including control (field capacity), mild stress (65% of field capacity) and severe stress (30% of field capacity) were applied on 3 months old seedlings for 84 days. Seeds obtained from free and controlled pollination were planted in pots with a diameter of 33 cm and a height of 35 cm on April 6, 2017. Three seeds were planted in each experimental unit, and after planting and ensuring establishment, the number of plants in the pot was reduced to the final level of one in each pot. Each replication was consisted of four experimental units or four pots, and each pot was contained a plant. At the end of the experiment, growth and physiological parameters were measured. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SAS 9.1 software.

Results of statistical analysis showed drought stress had a significant effect on leaf number, stem length, root length, leaf relative water content, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and leaf and root proline content. With increasing drought levels, all traits except root length, electrolyte leakage and proline content were reduced in comparison with control. Sorkheh Hosseini × integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei × integerrima, Akbari × integerrima interactions and genotypes of fandoghi and fandoghi × integerrima interaction were superior in the most of traits by drought, respectively. Based on the results it seems hybrids of Sorkhe Hosseini × integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei × integerrima and Akbari× integerrima crosses will be used as genotypes with dry-tolerant genes to modify cultivars in arid regions.

In the present study, Cu/Zn/Al multi-layered composite was processed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) through nine passes. Afterwards, heat treatment processes at various temperatures (750-950℃) and times (10-25min) were done on the prepared composites to fabricate CuZnAl shape memory alloys. The microstructure (composites and alloy) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tensile properties and shape memory effect of the composites and alloys were also investigated by tensile test. The microstructure investigations show that plastic instability and shear bands occurred in different layers in the composite. In addition, a composite with a uniform distribution of Zn and Al reinforcing layers was produced after nine passes. The tensile strength of the composite increased from the first cycle to the third ARB cycle and then decreased from the fifth to the ninth ARB cycle. Finally, the best UTS (about 330MPa) and elongation (about 31.52%) values were obtained on the third and first pass, respectively. The results showed that CuZnAl shape memory alloy was successfully fabricated by the accumulative roll bonding process and next heat treatment. It was also found that the alloys treated at 900°C and cooled in ice water consist of martensitic phase. Additionally, the alloy annealed at 900°C for 15 minutes exhibited a good shape memory effect and strength (about 503MPa).

In this research, we investigated the effect of addition of carbon nanotube (CNT) and sintering processes on mechanical properties of Al- Si3N4 composites. For this purpose difference samples including 5, 10and 15 wt% of Si3N4 with and without 0.25 wt% CNT were fabricated. Samples were sintered via microwave and spark plsma sintering (SPS) methods. Sintering of samples were done at 400°C and 600, 700, 800 °C for spark plasma sinterng process and microwave, respectively. The results showed that the bending strength of samples including 15% Si3N4 with and without CNT that sintered in microwave have maximum value 179 MPa and 212 MPa respectively. Also the bending strength of samples including 15% Si3N4 with and without CNT that sintered in SPS have maximum value 249 MPa and 285 MPa respectively and these samples have higher density than other samples.Also, results showed that the samples that sintered in sps had maximum density and uniformity structure.

Due to the increasing of awareness and consumer demand for healthy and natural foods without synthetic preservatives, in the recent years the food industry has paid increasing attention to using natural preservatives. Plant extracts and essential oils (EO) are a broad class of natural food preservatives that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Microencapsulation is the most common technique that has been utilized to increase the stability of bioactive compounds. The benefits of microencapsulation of herbal extracts and essential oils includes: protection of flavor components from evaporation and destructive changes, promotion of easier handling, better mixing with food matrix, release controlling and increasing bioavailability (Donsi et al., 2011). Ziziphora clinopodiodes (known as Kakuti) is one of the most commonly consumed herbal plants belonging to the family of Lamiaceae and it is native to Turkey and Iran. The major phenolic compounds of Z. clinopodiodes essential oil (ZEO) or its extract (ZE) are include pulegone, 1,8-cineole, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and limonene (Sonboli et al., 2010). The functional properties of Z.clinopodiodes extract (ZE) and ZEO including strong antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities have been fully recognized in previous researches. The selection of a suitable wall material is critical to have a successful microencapsulation. Whey protein isolate (WPI), gum Arabic (GA) and guar gum (GG) are some of most frequently used biopolymers for encapsulation of bioactive compounds in food industry applications (Kuck et al., 2017). There is no report on the encapsulation of ZEO or ZE. The aim of this research was to evaluate and compare the potential of GA, WPI and GG either alone or in combination with each other in the microencapsulation of Ziziphora clinopodiodes extract (ZE) by ultrasonication method.

The GG, GA and WPI were used for encapsulation of ZE in the single form or in combination with each other. After encapsulation, the suspensions were freeze dried and the powder of microcapsules was used for further analyses. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were determined. Also, the total phenol content, antioxidant activity and color properties of microcapsules were analyzed. Structural and morphological properties of them were also characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM analyses. The one-way ANOVA method by using SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of obtained data.

Particle size analysis showed that the WPI stabilized sample had the lowest particle size (292.7 nm). The performance of GA and GG was improved after combination with WPI. By considering encapsulation efficiency (EE%), particle size, PDI and Zeta potential values, the compatibility of WPI with GA was more than GG. The highest EE% (86.91%) belonged to GA/WPI sample. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were in their maximum level for GA/WPI mixture. Among the used wall materials, GA had the highest Zeta potential (-20.5 mV). Since the isoelectric point of WPI is around pH 5 and pH of dispersions was about 7, the net charge of these microcapsules was also negative (-15.5 mV). GG is a weak polyelectrolyte and had the lowest Zeta potential (-6.6 mV). All of the powders had a whitish color. There was no significant difference between L* and a* values of samples (p˃0.05). But b* was increased significantly when WPI and GA were used instead of GG. Yellowish color of WPI and GA caused to increase b*. This yellow appearance was more distinct in GA in comparison to WPI. The initial TPC of ZE before enclosing in microcapsules was equal to 346.91 mg GAE.100g-1 DW. The TPC of all samples was lower than initial amount in fresh ZE. Between microcapsules, those that had the higher EE showed a higher TPC too. TPC of GA was higher than WPI followed by GG. When the mixture of wall materials was used, TPC was increased and the GA/WPI sample had the highest TPC (212.81 mg GAE.100g-1 DW). GG and GA/WPI with 21.67% and 32.11% respectively, had the lowest and highest antioxidant activity. Spherical shape of microcapsules was observed by SEM for all samples expect to GG/GA. WPI stabilized microcapsules exhibited the lowest particle size with uniform distribution. Polydispersity and mean diameter was higher for GA microcapsules and these parameters increased for GG microcapsules. FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of new interactions between wall materials (expect to GG) and ZE ingredients. XRD test revealed that the crystallinity of wall materials was decreased after ZE incorporation but WPI contained samples were resistant against structural alterations. Crystallinity index of GG, GA and WPI coated microcapsules was equal to 6.54%, 23.13% and 9.76%, respectively. Crystallinity index of 11.5%, 25.21% and 19.66% was calculated for GG/GA, GG/WPI and GA/WPI microcapsules, respectively. By considering of applying similar sonication and drying conditions on all samples, these results indicate that the ZE incorporation had no distinct effect on crystallinity of WPI but it disrupt the structure of polysaccharide based encapsulating agents.

In this work the performance of different wall materials and their combinations was evaluated in microencapsulation of ZE. WPI and GA/WPI combination showed the lowest particle size and the best encapsulation efficiency, respectively. In the total phenolic content study, the mixture of GA/WPI performed better in protecting the ZE phenolic compounds leading to increase the antioxidant activity of microcapsules. SEM images indicated that the successful fabrication of microcapsules with GA, WPI and GG is possible but it is better to use their combination. The best morphological characteristics with spherical microparticles were obtained when WPI was mixed with GA. Formation of new interactions between GA, WPI and ZE ingredients was approved by FT-IR analysis. But XRD test indicated that these interactions lead to change in structural characteristics of biopolymers. However, in spite of new bond formation, WPI preserved its semi-crystalline structure when used alone or in combination with polysaccharides. Generally, by in comparison of individual wall materials, the WPI was the best encapsulating agent but its performance was increased via blending with other biopolymers. The compatibility of WPI with GA was more than GG and by considering the set of results; the combination of GA/WPI presented the best behavior. Further studies are required for exploring the performance of these microcapsules for their application in food formulation.