mohammad ahmadian

Older people need to follow a healthy lifestyle to lead fulfilling lives. This study aimed to investigate the impact of lifestyle education in Iranian medicine on the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the elderly regarding the reform of nutritional habits in 2022. 

This research is an interventional study that was conducted on 220 elderly in Fariman, Iran. The subjects were divided into an intervention group and a control group by random cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of knowledge, attitude, and behavior assessments related to nutritional habit modification, which was psychometrically validated. Both groups completed the questionnaires at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at a two-month follow-up. Analysis of the data was conducted utilizing SPSS, software, version 23, with statistical significance set at P<0.05. 

The baseline level of knowledge was not significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001); however, at the 2-month follow-up, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P>0.001). The baseline level of attitude and the 2-month follow-up did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P˂0.001). The baseline level of behavior was not significantly different between the two groups, (P˂0.001); however, at the 2-month follow-up, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P˃0.001).

Changes in the behavior of the elderly two months after the educative intervention were significant, and changing the behavior is the most important goal of educational interventions. Hence, it is recommended to carry out such educational interventions for older adults.

Aquarium aquatic plants in an aquarium add beauty to the tank's decoration. By injecting oxygen into the water, absorbing carbon dioxide, and decomposing waste materials, they improve the respiration of aquatic animals in the aquarium and increase water quality. In Iran, despite the fact that many of these plants grow natively, they are not widely accepted. Therefore, this study aimed to introduce eleven species of native ornamental aquatic plants native to Anzali wetland. For this purpose, the species of Sagittaria trifolia, Lemna minor, L. trisulca, Myriophyllum spicatum, Hydrilla verticillata, Hydrocharias morus ranae, H. morus ranae, Najas minor, Vallisneria spiralis, Marsilea quadrifolia, Zannichellia palustris, and Salvinia natans are introduced and their biological characteristics, including morphological characteristics, breeding guidelines, and compatible species, are reviewed.

By making new changes in the organization, organizations are looking for various innovations to maintain their level of performance in the existing competitive environment. But these frequent changes can lead to change fatigue and its negative consequences for employees. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the change fatigue and its related consequences in health care providers.

The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted in health centers in western Iran. In this study, 803 people were selected using the available method. In this study, the change fatigue scale, Parker and Decotis’ job stress questionnaire, Ruth and Field’s job satisfaction questionnaire, Maslash and Jackson’s burnout questionnaire, turnover intention questionnaire, and standard questionnaire of organizational commitment of Mowday et al. are used. All analyzes were performed using SPSS23 and AMOS18 software.

The results of the present study showed that with the increase of change fatigue, the intention to leave, stress and burnout increased significantly and job satisfaction decreased significantly; however, there was no significant relationship between change fatigue and organizational commitment. Also, a significant relationship was observed between marital status, age, work experience, type of employment, type of job and education with change fatigue.

In environments that are associated with rapid and continuous changes, it is important to consider the change fatigue and its consequences because it can increase job stress, burnout, reducing job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and provide a basis for leaving the job.

In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the altmetric indices of 1000 highly cited articles in the field of cancer, considering the growing importance of social media-based indicators as complementary tools alongside traditional bibliometric indicators for evaluating scientific outputs. Cancer research is a critical area in the medical community, being the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study, the bibliographic information of the research sample was obtained from the Scopus citation database. Data about the social media presence and altmetric attention scores (AAS) of each article were collected from the journal and altmetric.com. Subsequently, Excel and SPSS software were employed for analysis. Among the reviewed articles, 96.3% were shared on social media at least once, with Mendeley (99.6%), Patents (86.3%), and CiteULike (66.3%) being the most commonly used altmetric sources. The article titled "Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks," published in the Nature journal, obtained the highest AAS of 2864. Additionally, the majority of tweeters and readers were from the USA. Tweeters were predominantly members of the public, while readers were primarily professionals in medicine and dentistry, including PhD students. Spearman tests indicated a statistically significant moderate correlation between AASs and citations (r= 0.283, p-value< 0.001). Similarly, a significant weak correlation was observed between the journals' Impact Factor (IF) (r= 0.217) and CiteScore (r= 0.133) with the number of citations (p-value < 0.001). The findings of this study emphasize the positive impact of social media-based indicators on the number of citations received by scientific articles, making them valuable complementary measures alongside traditional citation indicators for evaluating research impact. We recommend that journals, authors, and researchers actively use social media platforms to enhance the visibility of their work and attract more citations.

Bibliometrics is one of the credible methods of evaluating scientific publications and research output. This is the first study in the multiple sclerosis (MS) field that can guide researchers and policy-makers in contributing more to MS.

The main purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis and visualization of multiple sclerosis scientific products of the 17 Middle East countries during 1900 - 2020.

Data from January 1, 1900, to December 31, 2020, were searched in the Web of Science database. Research productivity was evaluated by considering the country, year, number of publications, and time trend of these publications. Co-word and co-authorship analyses were done, andtop authors, journals, institutions, andcountry contributions toMSresearch were identified.

Middle Eastern countries produced 5.5% of the total number of MS research worldwide. Turkey (29.18%), Iran (23.54%), and Egypt (13.066%) had the top positions. King Saud University as a research center, Baser, Kemal Husnu Can as an author, and the Multiple Sclerosis Journal as a scientific journal, respectively, with a total of 1,582 (4.26%), 360 (0.97%) and 1,172 (3.15%) publications had the highest research productivities.

Accurate policy-making in research centers, prioritizing research topics, promoting journals, and making more international collaboration can decrease the gap in research on MS and increase its quality and quantity. Despite rising trends in research results, more strategic planning and cooperation between researchers are needed for regional advancement in the field.

Advances in technology and discoveries lead to promoting health services and, consequently, improving the quality of patient care services. In the meantime, educational programs and teaching methods play an important role in achieving the goals, and it is necessary to change and update the necessary information in them as technology advances and Crisis times that will take society into coma; Such as infectious diseases like Covid-19; To be able to meet the needs of the human day and health care system maintains its efficiency. Changing curricula to keep pace with existing technologies and innovations is a challenge, even for the best professors at medical universities. "Change" has a protocol of "best principles" developed by "change managers" and must be applied when developing medical education programs. Although different curricula have different outcomes and learning objectives; But the basic principles of change management theory apply to all aspects of change in curricula and include six steps: driving change and setting goals, communicating with stakeholders, planning, monitoring, and evaluation.

Higher education is not uniform. There are significant differences between higher education systems among different countries and even among institutions in a similar education or system; therefore, identifying the various types of entrepreneurial activities helps the mission of fourth-generation universities.

The purpose of this study was to introduce the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities.

We systematically searched the international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, SID, and Google Scholar, until 2021 using some relevant keywords. Then, screening and selecting eligible articles according to inclusion criteria were done by two researchers independently.

Soft skills training, sustainable development training, training business law, reviewing the continuous training of professors, promoting ideation and creativity to solve problems, development of interdisciplinary training, decentralization of government accelerators and deployment of private accelerators, privatization of higher education, and internationalization are the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities. One of the critical aspects and perspectives of the fourth-generation university is the development of job skills, professions, and competencies and empowerment of students and professors in line with the process of national development and solving society's problems scientifically.

This research's analytical results help the universities design and implement their strategies to reach the fourth-generation universities according to the standard implementation models of the fourth-generation universities.

We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the concentration of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in carrots and potatoes irrigated by wastewater and estimate non-carcinogenic health risks among adult and children consumers.

The health risk of PHEs concentration, including Pb, Cd, total Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Fe, in the edible parts of carrot and potato irrigated by wastewater was investigated by a meta-analysis using a random-effects model (REM). Accordingly, the related articles were screened from international databases such as Scopus, Medline, and Embase.

The meta-analysis of 32 papers (38 studies) revealed that the rank order of the most accumulated PHEs in potato was Fe (86.54 mg/kg wet weight) > Zn (30.9 mg/kg wet weight) > Cu (13.7 mg/kg wet weight) > Ni (8.42 mg/kg wet weight) > Pb (5.56 mg/kg wet weight) > Cr (3.45 mg/kg wet weight) > Cd (0.58 mg/kg wet weight). This ranking for carrot was Fe (43.36 mg/kg wet weight) > Zn (36.29 mg/kg wet weight) > Ni (13.49 mg/kg wet weight) > Cu (9.79 mg/kg wet weight) > Pb (1.84 mg/kg wet weight) > Cr (1.05 mg/kg wet weight) > Cd (0.28 mg/kg wet weight). Total hazard quotient (THQ) of PHEs was higher than 1 for potato and carrot; its rank order for potato and carrot was Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > Fe > Zn > Cr and Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Fe > Zn > Cr, respectively. The Cd, Pb, and Cu had also a considerable role for consumer health risk.

According to the results, continuous monitor and control of wastewater treatment plants are necessary.

Oral health is one of the most important dimensions of individual health, so in order to assess the status of oral health in a community, it is necessary to conduct various epidemiological studies at different stages to determine the effectiveness of prevention and oral health programs in a community. The aim of this study was to determine some of the factors associated with dental caries in primary school students in Hamadan in 2019.

In this case-control study, information about students with dental caries and controls was extracted by referring to schools in the four education districts of Hamadan (A girls' school and a boys' school were selected from each district). The total sample size was 980 people and 30 cases and 90 controls were selected from each school. For determining dental caries status a final year dental student examined the students. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors for the disease. All analyses of this study were analyzed using Stata software, version 14.

A total of 240 cases and 740 controls were studied in this study. The mean dmft in primary school students in Hamadan was 1.86 ± 2.92. Among them, the first and second grade students had the highest caries rate. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the risk of tooth decay in people with severe toothache is almost twice as high as that in people who do not have toothache. This rate is more than 1.5 times higher for students whose fathers are workers than for those whose fathers are self-employed. Also, as the number of family members increased, the chances of developing tooth decay increased linearly. The odds of tooth decay in people who do not brush and floss are 2.84 and 2.13, respectively, more than people who brush and floss three times a day.

In our study, having severe toothache, lack of parental supervision over the children's oral health, employment and education of parents, family dimension, not using toothbrush, flossing and mouthwash, excessive consumption of sweets, lack of regular visits to the dentist, and low dairy consumption were associated with tooth decay.

The application of laser in dentistry for medical purposes such as caries removal, preparation of restorative cavities, and dental surface treatment for more effective bonding of restorative materials to the tooth has been significant. The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of cavity preparation on microleakage by using erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, and to compare it with the effect of bur on microleakage in class V composite restorations.

In this experimental study, 20 intact human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 equal groups according to the cavity preparation technique: G1: laser cavity preparation (LCP) using a Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Bio Lase, USA), and G2: bur cavity preparation (BCP). Standard class V cavity was prepared on both lingual and buccal surfaces in two groups. The samples underwent thermocycling for 3000 times (5-55ºC) and were immersed in a methylene blue 2% solution for 24 hours. After buccolingual sectioning from the middle of the restoration, a stereomicroscope with 20 x magnification was used to measure the penetration rate of the dye and to determine the score for microleakage. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) software and Mann-Whitney U test (α=5%).

According to the study results, the minimum and maximum microleakage values were observed in the occlusal and gingival margins, respectively, which were identically for both groups. Comparing two groups (BCP and LCP) revealed that there was no significant difference between them in terms of microleakage values at the occlusal and gingival margins (P>0.05).

It was concluded that cavity preparation using Er,cr:YSGG laser had microleakage values similar to those found with conventional cavity preparation (bur) method in class V composite restorations

Trends in research on COVID-19 have been increased from its outbreak onwards. As a research field for describing knowledge status and research patterns in scientific fields, scientometrics uses quantification for evaluating the scientific production made by an author, institute, journal, country, region, etc.

This study aimed at identifying and visualizing the scientometricindicators of top ten highly productive journals publishing documents on topics related to COVID-19.

on April 4, 2021, using 36 COVID-19 keywords derived from MeSH retrieved all relevant global publications indexed in Scopus. Then, all studies were limited to top 10 highly productive journals in this field. An Exploratory and descriptive analysis of bibliographic data (number of publication/citations, journals, highly cited documents, highly cited/productive authors/countries, co-occurrence map of keywords, and co-citation map of sources) by using Microsoft Excel and VOS-viewer software packages were performed..

The top ranked journals in publication numbers belonged to the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (N=1304, 16.2%), Plos One (N=1158, 14.4%)and BMJ (997, 12.4%), respectively. The Lancet (N=69983), JAMA (N=42553) and the Journal of Medical Virology (19089) ranked first to third as to received citation numbers, respectively. Mahase, E (N=180, 2.23%),Lacobucci, G (N=126, 1.56%) and Rimmer, A (N=82, 1.01%) were ranked first to third as highly-productive authors, respectively. However, the highest-ranked authors in their citations/document indicator were Cheng, Z (3691), Gu, X (2736.25) and Xia, J (2269.66), respectively. First to third ranked countries in receiving citations were China (94776), United States (51621) and United Kingdom (32339), respectively. Out of top 10 contributing countries in producing documents,United States (1976; 24.5%), UnitedKingdom (1372; 17%) and China (894; 11.1%) ranked first to third, respectively. Keywords co-occurrence and clustering showed that clinical manifestation and dissemination of the disease as well as its epidemiology have been heavily considered.

This study offers important quantitative information on journals working on the disease. Identifying most productive journals can help potential researchers collaborate with researchers from pioneering journals and contribute to top journals for making influential works on COVID-19 and consequent knowledge on the control and treatment of the disease.

Health literacy in pregnant mothers is a cognitive and social skill that shows the motivation and ability of women to properly access, understand, and use the information to maintain the health of themselves and their children. The aim of this study was to investigate health literacy during pregnancy and its relationship with prenatal care. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study on 121 pregnant women who referred to the health service centers in Fariman, Iran. Cluster-multistage random sampling method was used to select participantes in 2020. The maternal health literacy and Pregnancy (MHLAPQ) questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software based on t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean score of maternal health literacy was 58.7 ±37.16. There was also a significant relationship (p <0.05) between health literacy score and mother's education, household income, number of children, place of residence, pregnancy weight gain, supplementation and, dairy products. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, health literacy significantly correlated with pregnancy outcome (p = 0.000) and birth height (p = 0.005). level of health literacy in new mothers was adquated in this study. Health policy-makers should simplify the health literacy training program for pregnant and lactating women to reduce the various factors that affect their health literacy.

Since the readiness study is considered a basic step in implementing various technologies, this study was conducted to assess the readiness of Al-Zahra Ophthalmology Hospital for implementing RFID technology.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Zahra Ophthalmology Hospital in Zahedan (the eastern province of Iran). Personnel of departments including emergency, management, information technology, and health information management formed the research population. A researcher-constructed questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of two parts with 37 questions for assessing the hospital readiness and the barriers of using RFID technology. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23.

The mean scores of humans, technical and organizational readiness of Al-Zahra Hospital for RFID technology were: 29, 45.14, and 33.5, respectively. In other words, technical readiness was assessed at a good level and human and organizational readiness at a moderate level. The overall readiness of Al-Zahra Hospital for RFID technology has been at a moderate level (mean score of 35.88). The mean score of barriers to using RFID technology was 37.82.

Based on the findings, although there are positive points about RFID technology in terms of technology acceptance, organizational and technical issues, the lack of technical manpower, radio waves equipment, and budget are among the major challenges of RFID technology implementation in Al-Zahra hospital. Therefore, allocating the budget and employing specialized human resources, and creating the necessary technical infrastructure are necessary for implementing RFID technology.

Today, parental violence against children is regarded an important public health, human rights issue and a social problem that leads to devastating consequences affecting the family, society and the country, and is passed on to future generations. The aim of the present study was to review the prevalence and risk factors for parental violence against children. In this narrative review a search of online databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar) for studies published till Nov 2020, 57 articles have been reviewed, of which 11 related articles were included in this review. Study selection was done by two reviews. The present study showed high prevalence of parental violence against children in most countries and the most common type of violence is physical and psychological violence. Poor socioeconomic status, low level of education of one or both parents, experience of physical violence of parents in childhood, and the number of children in the family are among important risk factors for increasing prevalence of parental violence against children. Considering the high prevalence of parental violence against children and subsequent psychological effects on children, there is a growing need to inform parents of the consequences of violence against children and to adopt preventive measures. In this regard, educational authorities such as schools and the media can play a very important role and it is necessary to provide the necessary educational programs for parents.

Few studies assessed the association of weight of premature infant and aromatherapy as a secondary outcome. Aim of study was to evaluate all clinical trials on the association of weight of premature infant and aromatherapy.

All clinical trials evaluating the association of weight of premature infant and aromatherapy with the alleviation of pain were searched on the electronic databases of Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science and Medline (via PubMed) with no language or time restrictions till  December 26, 2019. Jadad scale as a valid and reliable tool was applied to assess the quality of included studies.

Finally, five studies with a total of 367 participants were enrolled in this systematic review. In the first study over that time interval, the mean daily weight gains did not differ significantly between the infants in the milk versus water-exposure conditions. In the second study the evaluation of the mean weight of subjects at discharge and the mean weight gained between hospitalization and discharge showed that there were no significant differences between the study and control groups. In third study, the infants' weight did not differ significantly among three groups: vanilla, placebo and rose. In the fourth study, the mean weight of preterm infants at discharge and between hospitalization and discharge showed no significant difference between two groups’ impregnated pad with breast milk and control. In the fifth study, combining milk odor and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) than single NNS were effect in achieving oral feeding and earlier discharge from the hospital.

Aromatherapy with a single oil or a combination of two or more aroma oils, were not effective on weight among high-risk and vulnerable infant, such as preterm infant and very low birth weight, there is a need for more accurate and robust future studies.

Candy and similar products, although not considered as a complete food, are among high-consumed foods by children, and sometimes by pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the dyes used in candies supplied in Bojnourd City in 2016.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 90 colored candy samples (saffron, cacao, orange, cherry) randomly collected from different regions of Bojnourd in 2016. The color content of all samples was measured according to National Standard 2634 by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).

According to the results, 17.7% of the samples had natural color and 82.3% of the candies contained artificial colors. Among samples containing synthetic color, 90.5% of the samples contained approved artificial color, and only 9.5% of the samples had unauthorized artificial color. Sunset Yellow was the most common color used in the candy samples.

The results of this study showed that illegal use of synthetic dyes in food has become widespread, which is a threat to the health of the community; therefore, reducing the consumption of these colors and replacing natural colors with emphasize on their beneficial properties is necessary.

In the past, power generation expansion planning was mainly based on a cost minimization target subject to acceptable level of system reliability. Nowadays, environmental considerations have changed into important planning priorities increasing the capacity expansion costs. Socially, this increase is compensated by the reduction in external costs caused by lower levels of emissions. In this paper, emission constraints have been imposed on generation capacity expansion planning of a grid much the same as Iran power grid for the period of 2005-2023 using WASP package. Changes in system expansion costs have been compared with changes in environmental damage costs. According to the results, in long term the increase in capacity expansion cost caused by imposing emissions constraints is compensated with reduction of external costs of emissions.

Utilization of power electronic interface in end-user appliances adds many newfound features to these devices. Cooperation in Volt Ampere Reactive (VAR) supply is one of these new capabilities and enables these devices to act as Distributed Energy Resources for reactive power injection and absorption. Proper integration of these power electronic interface capabilities into traditional utility system operations, it can be used as beneficial tools for distribution management and voltage profile enhancement. Regarding the present situation in distribution system, it is not practical to control all DERs centrally. Therefore, in this article, two proposed central control method and droop control were considered. The Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique with fuzzy theory was used to prioritize the candidate buses for their participation in Volt-VAR program. The contribution of the pre-mentioned active DERs in reactive power compensation was evaluated in this study

This paper presents a methodology to assist a strategic producer in making informed decisions on generation investment in power market environment. This producer, facing a number of uncertainties which affect its expected profit, endeavors to maximize its profit and at the same time manages the risk of these uncertainties. In order to present the strategic behavior of the producer, supply function is used through a risk constrained two-stage stochastic bi-level model. The upper-level problem considers risk management of the investment decisions and strategic production actions, and the lower-level problems correspond to pool market clearing under different operating conditions. Uncertainties due to demand quantity and biding, rival investment and rival contribution in the market, are taken into consideration through scenarios. In order to model the risk management of the producer, conditional value at risk is used as a risk term. The investment is static and a single target year is considered with demand variations modeled through a number of blocks. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by a case study on 24 bus IEEE test system. The results are reported and discussed.

Power industry, as one of the crucial infrastructures, plays important role in development of Iran's social and economic sectors and is seen as a network industry. This research aims to design a resistenence economy model in Iranian power industry, drawing on qualitative approach, asing on descriptive-analytical method, and adopting applied and developmental purposes.
In doing so, having examined Iranian Power Industry's weaknesses, strengths, and puposes, the paper uses snow card technique to discern an appropriate pattern on Resistenence Economy an power industry sector.
The findings of this research show that strategies regarding resistenence economy model in Iranian power industry can be categorized as reconstructing-enhancing, capacity-building, and solidising strategies. These strategies are oriented towards establishing stability and economic security, promoting progress beyond economic growth, restructuring power industry, developing a competitive environment, strengthening private sector and contributing to growth of renewable energy power industry.

Natural organic substances in water cause problems during water treatment processes. The potential of these compounds as precursor of trihalomethanes formation has increased the necessity of removing these compounds from water more than ever. In the current study, the effect of chitosan, as a cheap and efficient coagulant, in the electrocoagulation process with iron electrode for removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions was evaluated. In this study, a batch reactor equipped with 4 iron electrodes in dimensions of 2*20*200 mm, with a volume of 1 L and connected to an electrical source was used. The effects of current density, initial humic acid concentration, chitosan concentration and pH in the electrocoagulation process were investigated. Excel software was used to analyze the obtained results. The results indicated pH = 6, current density=40 V, and chitosan concentration= 2 mg/L as the optimal conditions for the process. Also, in the presence of chitosan as a coagulant aid in the electrocoagulation process, after 60 min, the process efficiency reached 68%. Based on the current findings, electrocoagulation process is a suitable process in removal of humic acid. Also, chitosan is an efficient coagulant aid in the electrocoagulation process with iron electrode and increases the process efficiency.