mohammad javanmardi

Capital market violations are numerous and the models of dealing with them are different. judicial model, quasi-judicial model and administrative model are the most common models of dealing with violations. Regulation is the chosen model of this article. An agreeable model between capital market activists, they have determined the authority of the regulator to establish and apply disciplinary punishment in this area. In this model, the authority of the regulator in facing capital market violations and crimes has granted by individuals and by their will. For this reason, the capital market regulator, i.e., Securities and exchange organization, must be a non-profit and non-governmental institution in order to fulfil its goal. The legislator's clarification on the powers of securities and exchange organization in the law is also a kind of emphasis on a clear matter. Only effect of passing an act is the official recognition of such an institution. Then not mentioning the powers in the law will not harm the authority of this institution. Securities and exchange organization, as the capital market regulator, has the necessary tools to achieve the goals of its formation, which these tools include regulation, imposing and applying disciplinary punishments. Therefore, establishing and applying disciplinary punishment for the violators of this field has no conflict with the criminal principles and rules, as well as the principle of separation of powers.

 Peace is one of the natural concerns and needs of human beings, which different ideas have offered different solutions to achieve and it is still a subject of debate and opinion. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to examine the place of ethics in achieving peace from the mystic’s perspective from the 8th century to the present time, with an emphasis on Hafez Shirazi.

 This article has been done using descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

Ethical Considerations: 

In present paper, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.

 The findings indicate that morality has an effect on achieving peace. From the mystic’s point of view, from the 8th century onwards, especially Hafez Shirazi, the individual elements of ethics, such as patience, austerity and contentment and the social dimensions of ethics, such as tolerance, kindness, forgiveness, good nature, honesty, beneficence and charity are effective in realizing peace.

 According to the results peace is an internal issue that is related to human interiority. Acting in the direction of pushing the ego towards the individual and social elements of morality, is a source of peace. Therefore, to achieve peace, it is necessary to try to strengthen the individual and social elements of morality. In fact, in order to achieve peace, a person must turn to himself and strengthen his moral virtues to calm down.

Although economic crimes have not been defined exactly, what have been studied by the legal theorist are their criminal features and criteria for recognition. The multiplicity of subject, the low-visibility crimes, strength and flexibility are the most important feature of economic crimes, and these features result in differences between economic and financial crimes. In addition to have special features, stock crimes have characteristics and features of economic crimes. Stock crimes inevitably lead to economic security disorder, public confidence disturbing and also infringement in the information transparency. These characteristics give rise to the lack of investors' motivations and properties go to unsafe markets, so stock crimes have negative impacts on the macroeconomic. Therefore we can name this kind of crimes as one of the most kind of economic crimes. Acting in differential penal policy in the area of stock crimes is the most important result of treating stock crimes as economic crimes. This article (with library studding) sets out to prove that stock crimes are the kind of economic crimes and we need to acting differential penal policy in the area of stock crimes.

In this research, multilayer Cu/Sn composites were produced for the first time with the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method using the commercial pure Cu and Sn sheets in up to eight cycles. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the Cu/Sn composites were studied during various ARB cycles by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), elemental mapsand X- ray diffraction (XRD), as well as tensile and Vickers micro-hardness tests. The results revealed that the necking and rupturing of the layers take place after 2 and 3 cycles, respectively. The final microstructure consists of the uniform distribution of the hard copper fragments and wavy soft Sn matrix. XRD and FESEM results confirmed the formation of the intermetallic Cu6Sn5 compound after 6 cycles. The maximum tensile strength reached 290 MPa after one ARB cycle, which is around 1.4 and 13 times higher than that of the pure Cu and Sn, respectively; thereafter, it decreased and then increased up to 150 MPa in the 8th cycle. The hardness of the copper layers increased by rising the number of ARB cycles. The tensile fracture mode for Cu and Sn layers was ductile in all ARB cycles. Further dimples were observed in the copper layers.

Inspector and Auditor are considered as the pillars of a company. Their comments on the financial-economic information which are provided for shareholders, is considered to be the basis of decision-making and purchase or sale of shares by investors. Although, the rights and duties of inspectors and auditors are in different discretions, but they validate the financial information provided by companies. Despite the importance of their comments on economic and financial information of companies, there is no specified and strict enforcement except the article 267 of the Commercial Code. The article 267 is not comprehensive and has not included the auditors. This research is based on a library methodology with the aim of reviewing the guaranty of implementing the illegal behaviors of the inspectors and auditors of companies from the perspective of jurisprudence and law. Therefore, Article 49(3) of the Securities Market Act has been introduced as a guarantee of independent implementation of the auditor's and inspector's behavior. In addition, this article scrutinizes elements of this crime, describe some of the criticisms in this subject matter and some of the most important jurisprudential foundations in this area. Although in the religious texts, in the new issue of the subject, there is no detailed discussion of the company's audit and inspection, but some definite jurisprudential rules such as "Illegal Enrichment or unjust Enrichment", "Prohibition of Losses in Islam" and "Maintenance of the System" as this behavior criminology establishment has been described in this article.

The electronic industry suffers a rapid changing and highly rival environment. Thus, firmshave an essential need to strive for acquiring the competitive advantage. Strategy Organizational Agility(SOA) is a tool which enables to assist firms to attain the competitive advantage. Therefore, this study benchmarks the core competencies from a case study within the supply chain network and establishes a set of attributes for augmenting SOA. A novel multi-criteria decision-making structure is proposed to deal with the complex interrelationships among the aspects and attributes. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network can use linear learning algorithm to complete the work formerly handled by nonlinear learning algorithm, and maintain the high precision of the nonlinear algorithm. However, the results of RBF would be slightly unsatisfactory when dealing with small sample which has higher feature dimension and fewer numbers. Higher feature dimension will influence the design of neural network, and fewer numbers of samples will cause network training incomplete or over-fitted, both of which restrict the recognition precision of the neural network.The competence and accountability indicators can the continuously increasing level of agility to be effective. According to the analysis chart production and product design performance indicators alone cannot level a considerable amount of agility to change. But reducing the level of the index level of agility is reduced. Flexibility indices speed and agility level changes can also affect the organization. But with increased levels of these two indicators increased agility rate change indicators will be more flexibility. The results showed that customer knowledge management impact on organizational agility and organizational effectiveness and customer knowledge management through organizational agility has significant positive impact on organizational effectiveness. Finally, some practical suggestions, future research suggestions and research limitations are presented.

Paragraph 3 of Art. 49 of the Securities Market Act explains two crimes with the same punishment: "violation of legal regulations in the process of preparation of documents, registration, declaration or prospectus of offering to SEO" and the other is "violation of legal regulations subject to study or preparing financial statements, economic statements in regard to verification of documents and information". In this paper, the actus reus and mens rea of the second crime have been studied. "Violation of legal regulations about comment or preparation of financial report, technical or economic information and documents that could be presented to the organization" and also "violation of documents and information authentication which are presentable to SEO" are the actus reus of this crime and «the existence of legal responsibility about commenting or financial, technical or economic reporting", "the existence of employment relationship with the company" and "commenting or reporting or verification of documents and information before presenting them to the organization”, are the most important circumstances and terms concerning committing the crime. The given crime is in the category of the absolute crimes and the intention to commit and being aware, and having knowledge regarding the subject of crime (common mens rea) would suffice to realize the offence.

This study attempts to present the key factors for creating agile organization in automotive part industry of Mashhad in order of importance. In this regard, factors and sub-factors of organizational agility in the industry were recognized and the importance of them was determined using fuzzy AHP group method. This is an application study using litrature review for determining the factors and sub-factors. Afterward in order to fit and creating the hierarchical structure, a questionnaire was made to gather the expert viewpoint.The content validity of the questionnaire confirmed using literature review, Supervisor, Co-Supervisor and the other experts . For reliability, Cronbach’s alpha value was calculated and obtained 0.7 for all dimenstion of questionnaire and indicates the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Then exploratory factor analysis was conducted and fifteen sub-factors was categorized in the four main components named technology, workers, organization and systems and strategies. In the next section, using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and contributing group of industry experts, the weight of each factors and sub-factors were determined. Inconsistency rates for all tables, were calculated and less than 0.1 obtained. Finally the priorities of factors and sub-factors were determined. According to the findings, between the factors technology has the first rank and between the sub-factor hardware, software and virtual organization has the first to third rank.

In recent decades the issue of income convergence has attracted the attention ofpolicy makers and researchers. Most of these studies seeks to answer the question whether the country's per capita income over time would converge to a common level or not. Income convergence is defined as a decline in a country's income gap to an average per capita income so that more income gap shows less convergence.This study examined the existence of income convergence or divergence in D-8 countries during 1965-2009 using unit root test in non-linear framework. This test with considering the possibility of non-linearity of the income gap has a significant impact on the conclusions and diagnosis of income convergence. The results show that hypothesis of converging per capita real incomes to group's average per capita income in all countries except Pakistan and Nigeria is rejected.

Paragraph 3 of Article 49 of the Securities Market Act explains two crimes with the same punishment: "violation of legal regulations in the process of preparation of documents, registration declaration and prospectus for offering to the SEO" and "violation of legal regulations subject to study or preparing financial statements, economic statements or each verification documents and information." In this article, we are studying about physical and mental elements of the first violation. "Violation of legal regulations about preparation of documents, registration declaration … offered to SEO "Is the physical behavior of this crime. “Administrative and expert relationship with the capital market" and "legal responsibility in the preparation of document and information" and "occurring the violation after the protocols of registration" are also the most important circumstances of the crim. This is the absolute crime and intent to commit and knowledge about subject is the cause of creation of this offence.

Nanotechnology is the origin of technological developments and considers the next industrial revolution, and many countries in attempting to meet their empowerment have the technology. This technology is in early stages of their growth and does detailed predictions about the development process and its dimensions is not possible. Policy development of new technology, especially nano-related science, involves various aspects and dimensions of performance measures are research. Functional source of knowledge production, the environmental effects of their territory. Considering the importance of this issue, assessment of environmental risks in the initial stage of production of knowledge and ideas can produce beneficial effects on preventing the spread of environmental damage and the impact of a promoter of sustainable development is knowledge. The study has tried the effect of each of the environmental risk factors using fuzzy AHP are given. Then, according to the weights obtained for each factor using fuzzy TOPSIS risk levels created in the desired areas are ranked. Considering that the study results do a master's thesis is so way using factors extracted from literature research study are presented in detail. The results showed that nano-particles and nano-fibers, the greatest impact on various areas of risk and Fullerenes are having the least risk to the environment can result. Also according to the results that can be downloaded from the influence of factors causing cancer and in contact with sensitive skin and are the least effect on these factors are genetic. Performed calculations to increase accuracy in fuzzy environment using non-fuzzy computing and fuzzy computing has been done results in the ranking are very close to each other.

Income convergence or income similarity is defined as per capita income gap between two trading partner. less income gap shows income convergence and more income gap shows income divergence. Income convergence plays an important role in the expansion of trade relations، so that countries with more income adaption have the similar demand patterns and thus have economic reasoning in creating trade and the formation of trade blocks. This study examined the existence of income convergence or divergence in D-8 countries during the period of 1965-2009. To this end، three methods; sigma convergence، Theil indices and panel data unit root tests were used. The results of these approaches indicate that there are income divergence among the members of this group.

Nanotechnology is the origin of technological developments and is considered as the next industrial revolution, and many countries are trying to meet their needs by means of this technology. This technology is in early stages of its growth and detailed predictions about the development process and its dimensions are not possible. The early toxicology studies show that nano-particles can influence human health and also can have environmental effects. Considering the importance of this issue, assessment of environmental risks in the initial stages of knowledge generation and ideas can produce beneficial effects on preventing the spread of environmental damage and also have growing impact on sustainable development of this technology. In this study which is the result of MSc thesis, at first various areas of nanotechnology research and also various factors of environmental and human health risks have been identified, using literature reviews. Then, necessary information was extracted from all research indexed in Scopus site. Finally received data are classified and analysis, based on data mining processes. The results showed that nano-particles, nano-fibers and inorganic structures, have the greatest impact on the overall environmental risk. Also, researches in nano-particle area have most effects on Carcinogenicity, Danger to aquatic environment and Sensitization by skin contact, between other research areas. Therefore, controlling these three factors can have a significant impact on decreasing the environmental and human health risks. Also sensitivity analysis of nano areas on various aspects of risks has been described thoroughly.

Morgagni Hernia is an uncommon congenital abnormality usually occurring in right side. This paper introduces it in a 15-month old girl admitted to Shaheed Beheshti Hospital of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. With a very are Lt. Side Hernia. A 15-month old girl referred with fever and bloody vomiting. Paraclinical studies including X-ray studies of upper GI system revealed Morgagni Hernia. In celiotomy stomach was not found in the abdomen. If had had passed to Lt chest cavity through a defect in anterior part of diaphragm and was entrapped and strangulated there. It was released and returned to the abdomen and fixed. The baby discharged with a good condition. This Hernia causes repeated lung infections, cough and vomiting, more importantly it may cause strangulation and necrosis of visceral organs and compromise the patients life, so its in time diagnosis is very critical. It is recommended hat whenever there is any abnormality in chest x-ray including air and fluid behind morbidity and mortality.