mohammadali sadeghzadeh

Media diplomacy is one of the effective means of soft power in establishing stable and purposeful communications and interactions with other nations and in exerting influence on public opinion. Regarding the transnational objectives of the Islamic Revolution as stipulated in the Constitution and as found in the thought of the Grand Leaders (Imams) of the Revolution, media diplomacy, as far as its positive dimension is concerned, can play an important role in explaining Islamic values and delivering the message of the Revolution through persuasive discourse and image management among foreign audiences, especially among the Islamic societies. As far as the negative dimension is concerned, in the face of the news invasion, smearing and negative propaganda levelled by the enemies against Islam, the Revolution and Iran, it can raise awareness and enlightenment by taking an active strategy in the field of network and discourse analyses. Also, it can exert crucial influence over the positive perception of the people of other countries as to the identity and position of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In answering the main question, “With emphasis on the views of the Supreme Leader, what are the dimensions and areas of media diplomacy?” this article seeks to examine this assumption that the position of Supreme Leader, as one of the main motives within the theoretical framework of the movement model, is of a crucial role in providing insightful, valuable and factual solutions for the expansion of soft power and soft war management in the fields of thinking, creating new trends, networking, and modeling.

The purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with regard to his role in the political-legal structure of the country, having religious authority in the Shi’ite world, and the existing potentials in the discourse literature of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the state leader by applying soft power and relational methods through gatherings, meetings, approaches, mass media, relevant institutions, cultural and educational organizations, and sending messages and letters to the audience, has an effective role in right detection and enemy recognition, revival of the Islamic ideology, spiritual propagation of the revolution, enforcement of smart power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preparation of resistance culture, and challenging the unjust nature of the international order in various aspects.

: In this research, a Zigzag edge Silicene Nanoribbons (ZSiNR) photodetector having asymmetric doped source and drain electrodes has been simulated using the tight-binding approximation and taking account first nearest neighbors, coupling to Non-Equilibrium Green Function approach. The electronic characteristics including band energy structure and density of states of the Chanel and transport traits of the device such as photocurrent in terms of incident photon energy in the absent of external bias, moreover the dark current versus applied voltage to the drain have been determined. For theoretical assessment of device performance, monochromatic illumination in the range of has been used. The maximum photocurrent of this device is related to 438 nm illumination which resulted the quantum efficiency of 24%, photoresponsivity of 8.44 A/mW, and detectivity as much as ∼109 Jones. Variations of device total current versus drain voltage in dark and of monochromatic 438 nm illumination with different intensities has been assessed. It is revealed that, in constant applied voltage, as the illumination intensity increases the total device current reduces which is correspond to reduction of short circuit current of silicon solar cells.

According to the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and the transnational goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader played an effective role in defining the cognitive foundations and structural metaphors emerging from the school of authentic Islam in order to explain the diplomacy of resistance through targeted, stable and constructive communication with the Muslim people of the region. And the Islamic world has. His Holiness in order to promote values and activate the components of intelligent power in the framework of transnational resistance with emphasis on defense doctrine; It has provided the ground for the spiritual export of the Islamic Revolution, the production of soft power, the provision and promotion of the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Islamic awakening among the Islamic Ummah and other oppressed people of the world.Based on that, the language of Islamic resistance diplomacy is identified in international politics, which emphasizes dignity and authority, independence and security, sustainable peace and stability and new regional order with a forward-looking defense strategy. This article is in response to the main question, "What is the role of the Supreme Leader in explaining resistance diplomacy with emphasis on defense doctrine?" using the descriptive-analytical method (documents-library); This assumption was tested that the supreme leader of the revolution, by explaining the defense doctrine and using communication, organizational and institutional methods, played a decisive role in giving life and direction to the model of the Islamic resistance movement at the regional level.

In this research, the Quranic requirements of active resistance in Imam Khamenei's thought were explained. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to achieve the Quranic requirements of active resistance in order to realize the goals of the Islamic nation of Iran and its application among the Islamic Ummah. For this purpose, by using the theme analysis method and extracting the basic, organizing and comprehensive themes and defining the network of themes, active resistance with a Quranic approach was investigated in Imam Khamenei's thought. According to the overarching themes extracted from the organizing and basic themes; The requirements of Qiyam-Allah, faith in divine help, seeking the honor of Muslims, effective deterrence, intelligent resistance, convergence and knowing the enemy were identified as the Quranic requirements of active resistance.Clarifying the connection between the comprehensive themes and active resistance and its comprehensive understanding can be the Quranic requirements of the action plan of the resistance forces in order to influence the power equations in the region and secure the interests of the Islamic Ummah against foreign intervening powers.

Public diplomacy is taken to be one of the effective means to achieve the objectives of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The position of Imam Khomeini and his role as the Grand Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran is of great significance in introducing and directing public opinion and establishing relations with other nations and states as far as the Islamic Revolution and the ruling system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is concerned. In this article, in providing an answer to this main question that ‘What role has Imam Khomeini played in improving, fostering and making more efficient the public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in ordrer to maintain and secure the interests of Iran and the world of Islam?’, this thesis was examined and the conclusion was made that, regarding the fact that Imam Khomeini’s high position in the politico-legal structure of the state and his high rank of religious authority and guardian jurist has played a decisive role in improving and fostering public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in taking further steps to increase its efficiency through engaging in discourses, accreditation, persuasion and image management. Furthermore, organizations and institutions involved in such enterprise can have this capability (capacity) and strategy to advance the objectives of public diplomacy of our Islamic nation and to increase the extent of its efficiency.

Optimizing the use of water resources is inevitable due to water shortages in agricultural areas.  Pistachio gardening has been an attractive agricultural activity for several decades in Iran. Given the limited water resources, areas under pistachio cultivation in arid regions are not economical due to low production. There has been a continuous trend towards application of efficient irrigation systems such as pressurized subsurface drip irrigation methods, but their complexity and high initial investment, make them less suitable for small scale and scattered owners. This research describes the field performance of a very low-pressure subsurface irrigation method which has been introduced before (Dastorani et al., 2010). In this subsurface porous pipe irrigation system, water is delivered directly to the pistachio tree’s roots via perforated PVC pipes covered by plastic textile sleeves. The feasibility of this system has been demonstrated for irrigating pistachio orchards. They compared the effect of traditional (surface) irrigation and such subsurface irrigation method on crop yield and annual growth traits. Their results showed that subsurface irrigation method had relatively higher performance than the surface method. To accurately design such a system, it is necessary to assess the time variations of irrigation parameters including lateral infiltration q (leakage flow rate per unit length), local water pressure along laterals Px in terms of input water flow rate If , and pipe orifice density n, as it is the subject of this research.

The purpose of the present study is to delve deep into the social-political role of an ideal man from the view of Mulā Sadrā, Imām Khomeyni, and the Supreme Leader of Iran. The method of research is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that according to the Islamic ideology of Mullā Sadrā, Imām Khomeyni, and the Supreme Leader of Iran, a man is a social creature and is in need of social, political, and economic relations for living. Therefore, Mullā Sadrā emphasizes on the social and political leadership of a man. Imām Khomeyni and the Supreme Leader also emphasize on a human's dignity as well as his high values, freedom along with responsibility towards God, awareness, and providing political and social freedom within the legal limitations for material and spiritual development of society. Accordingly, the relationship among the above three scholars on this issue can be specified as follows: Mulla Sadrā has fundamentally and profoundly dealt with the social and political role of an ideal man, Imām Khomeyni had a practical outlook on this issue based on transcendental wisdom, and the supreme leader also added to the intellectual practicality of Imām Khoemeyni’s ideas and emphasized on their implementation through some instances inside society.

Public diplomacy is one of the effective tools to achieve Iran's foreign policy goals. The position and role of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader in directing the public opinion of other nations in order to protect the values of Islam and the revolution is of great importance. In this article, in response to the main question, what is the role of the system leadership in the efficiency of public diplomacy through discourse-building, to ensure national interests and Islamic interests? The hypothesis was tested that the leadership of the system, given its position as an independent source in the political-legal structure of the country, the religious authority of the Shiite world and the existing capacities in the discourse literature of the Islamic Revolution, play an important role in activating, strengthening and efficiency of diplomacy. The general public of the Islamic Republic of Iran has had an Islamic awakening and a software movement by explaining the semantic system, by building communication, building trust and awareness, as well as by strengthening the axis of resistance. This is a good opportunity to influence the general and special audiences and to expand the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to present a favorable image as well as to counter the distortions and negative propaganda of the enemies.

The role of system leadership in efficiency public diplomacy through image managementAbstractPublic diplomacy is one of the effective factors to achieve Iran's foreign policy goals. The position and role of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader in directing the public opinion of other nations in order to protect the values of Islam and the revolution is of great importance. In this article, in response to the main question, what is the role of the regime leadership in presenting a positive and favorable image of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to ensure national interests and Islamic interests This hypothesis was tested that according to the leadership position of the system in the political-legal structure of the country, in activating, strengthening and efficiency of public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran through image management, establishing continuous communication with other nations and raising awareness of world public opinion. To the goals, values and ideals of Islamic Iran, it has a decisive role in the acceptability and legitimacy of Iran's image in the region and beyond. Accordingly, the definition and explanation of public diplomacy and its relationship with the system leadership, can help to identify the factors affecting public diplomacy and take more advantage of opportunities.

The solar radiation energy is one of the clean, essential and renewable resources for future. Iran, having 300 annual sunny days, has such intrinsic potential and thermosyphon solar-electrical water heaters (TSEWH) are the simplest solar-thermal convertors. Despite their unique merits, they can not supply hot water for domestic applications during cold period, so, an auxiliary backup system such as electrical resistance heater (electrical element) is required. The reduction of consumed electrical energy by electrical element not only leads to decrease of electrical network load, but also enhances the solar water heater efficiency and speeds up their application in the buildings sector. Careful scheduling the electrical element circuit via a timer key (timing mode operating) leads to reduction of auxiliary portion compared to the case that its circuit to be activated permanently (continues mode). Field results imply that, implementation the timer key to TSEWH has been considerable during cold period and reduced the consumed electrical energy as much as700kWh yearly and promoted its annual efficiency from 46% up to 67%.

Metal-semiconductor Schottky junctions as intricate part of semiconductor devices have been interested in the electronics industry. In this paper, Al/p-Si Schottky diodes which fabricated onto acceptor type silicon substrate using thermal evaporation layer deposition, were characterized in terms of thermionic emission theory. Ideality factor, reverse saturation current, Schottky barrier height, of the annealed diodes at the 150-350 °C temperature range, have been determined by measuring the current –voltage (I-V) characteristics. The effects of annealing process on the Schottky parameters have been inspected and it was found that the optimum annealing temperature was 250 °C. Then current-voltage characteristics of the processed diodes have been measured at 15 -300 °K sample temperature. Ideality factor, Schottky barrier height, and reverse saturation current and their temperature dependence have been determined. It was revealed that as the sample temperature decreases, the barrier height decreases while ideality factor increases. Finally, the Schottky barrier and Richardson coefficient have been determined taking into account the Gaussian distribution of barrier height. The unexpected high value of ideality factor can be justified in terms of ionized impurity scattering of carriers from diffused Al atoms to semiconductor near the Al/Si interface.

We would like to congratulate you on your victory in the Presidential election of the United States of America.
During the presidential campaign, we and millions of Iranians followed your forthright objection to the nuclear agreement reached between the Obama administration and the Islamic Republic of Iran. We sincerely hope that with your election, the new administration and the United States Congress will have the opportunity for the first time to review the regional and international outcomes of that disastrous agreement without any reservations, as was promised to the voters.them. To their despair, in what can only be described as an unthinkable shift and a hundred and eighty degree turn on all the principal values of the United States, President Obama’s administration was busy conducting secret correspondence with Ayatollah Khamenei, the life-long leader of Iran. At the same time, Ayatollah’s cronies were opening fire on protesters. In October 2011, you wisely said “If Obama would’ve backed the people of Iran two years

The factors affecting the non-diffusing of the solar water heaters (SWH) in Iran has been inspected in this research. The energy audit implies that the efficiency of SWH convertors during cold period is not satisfactory and they need backup systems. A survey from users, experts, and suppliers of SWH reveals that the low price of energy carriers, low efficiency during cold period, un-reliability, water pipes freeze problem, non-economic, repair and maintenance issue, and high electrical energy consumption have been the main factors for non-widespread application of SWH in Iran. The financial consideration show that SWH are not economical, so the increase of the energy carriers prices up to their world values is the main factor and prior to the complementary solutions for developing the domestic applications of solar water heaters in Iran.