فهرست مطالب mohammadizadeh f

Present study has been carried on Khabr river, Kerman province, during thirteen months , from February 2008 to February 2009. Eight stations were selected in 19 Kilometers distance of the river. Macro benthics were monthly collected at each station using a Surber with 1225 cm . Samples collected and fixed with formaldehyde 4%, in laboratory sorted and counted. Benthic data were summarized to some most popular Community Structure Metrics including TR(Total Richness), EPT index (total taxa belonging to three most intolerant insect orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), EPT/CHIR (ratio of EPT abundance to chironomidae .38 Genus of 27 family benthic Invertebrate were identified and were most aquatic insect larva. Overall average members had dominated order Ephemeroptera and Diptera in stations upper the river and Hirudinea in stations down the river . according to result community structure metrics macro benthics were maximum EPT in station 1(%91.32) and minimum EPT in station 7(%0.27) in winter .The results analysis of variance for benthic don’t show significant difference between stations (P≥0.05). The results showed that using macrobenthic community is economy and quick method for good assessment of pollution specifically have strictly in seasons polluted.

In this study Holothuria scabra, sand sea cucumber species were investigated for nutritional studies from January 2012 to November 2013. During the 11-month study, a total number of 151 species of sea cucumbers was collected and their nutrition was studied. Rates of relative length of the gut (RLG) were calculated by the average mean value of 0.837 ± 1.92 which shows aquatic eating everything. Empty stomach index (cv) were calculated for the total samples and value of 17.21 were obtained, indicating that the aquatic being gluttonous. The value of CV and FI was calculated that the maximum value of the FI correspond to October with a value of 100% and a minimum value of 69.23 percent in June, the highest CV value of 30.76 in October and a lowest is zero in June. Also food preference (FP) was calculated for each type of food. The food frequency percentage were calculated for sludge 16.95, black sandy grit16.31, oyster shell in 13.27, two floor stands 8.47, green algae 7.51, plant and animal remains 5.77, color pebbles 5.31, plants 4.79, red algae 3.83, crustacean shells 3.03, insects 2.87, worms 2.23, fish 1.91, sediments 1.91, shell of crabs1.27, benthos 1.24, organic sediments 1.11, metal and wood chips 0.63, Squid 0.31, Scales 0.15 in percent. The results showed that Holothuria scabra has food gobbler scored and the major food is sludge, sandy grit, crustacean shells specially two floor stands and has a alternative food including green algae, plants, insects, and plant and animal remains. Random food for this species was including mollusks (squid), worms, fish, wood debris, metal, etc.

The Diet Composition and Feeding habits of Sillago sihama , were studied in the northern Persian Gulf restricted to coastal waters of Bandar Abbas within 14 months period, from July 2007 up to Agust 2008. Biometrical and anatomical measurements were carried out, and biological surveys were conducted on 572 specimens (238 Male and 306 Female). These samples were collected from coastal waters of Bandar abbas by pool and line and Moshta. The measurements of the minimum and maximum total lengths and weights were 10.6 to 45.5 cm and 8.58 to 196.27 g, respectively. The calculated level of (R2) (correlations of total length & weight), indicated correlations between length and weight of this fish, and b was 2.75 that shows the growth is isometric. The results indicated that this species, having the Relative Length of Gut, RLG = 0.47± 0.15, is carnivorous. Examining the changes in the index of stomach emptiness by the percentage of CV = 59.88% indicates that this fish is Moderate feeder. Proven by the fact that benthose was taken as principle food, Crustsacean, Shrimps, and fish as secondary food and other kinds of food as random. Among the food items, benthose, crustaceans, razor clam, crab, shrimp, fish, poly cheat, oligocheat, clams, shells, detritus, hermit crab, cray fish, were 59.15, 12.82, 6.22, 5.99, 5.91, 3.09, 2.55, 2.05, 0.83, 0.56, 0.46, 0.20 and 0.16 respectivly. The level of feeding increased in February, before spawning and decreased in May, simultaneously with the spawning season.

Due to small size of microalgae and low concentration in the culture medium, cost-efficient harvesting of microalgae is a major challenge. In the present study, the possibility of using electro-flocculation technique (direct current) for harvesting of microalga Nanochloropsis oculata biomass from the culture broth was investigated. The microalga biochemical composition and chlorophyll a content, and viability of N. oculata cells were determined on concentrated microalgal cells after 10 days of electro-flocculation. The results from the biochemical analysis and chlorophyll a measurements indicated that N. oculata flocculated cells showed no sign of degradation in biochemical composition and chlorophyll a from electroflocculation as compared to control. Moreover, the results clearly showed that, flocculation efficiency improved with increasing direct current. Between 3-10 V; the flocculation efficiency was as high as 85-97.0%. The highest flocculation efficiency, 97.0%, was obtained at 10 V, of 30 minutes and with short settling time of 2 hours. The cell viability obtained in flocculation with direct current (3-10 V) showed cells in good shape and indistinguishable from nonflocculated cells when viewed by light microscopy. This study demonstrated that electroflocculation is an effective method to flocculate N. oculata cells; therefore, it could be considered as a cost-effective alternative for preparing microalgal concentrates for the aquaculture industry and hatcheries.

Occult hepatitis B infection is a form of hepatitis in which despite of absence of detectable HBsAg, HBV-DNA is present in peripheral blood of patients. The mechanisms which are responsible for progression of OBI yet to be clarified but some investigators believed that the genetics and immunological parameters may are different in resistant individuals and patients. Cytokine network system could be leading alteration in viral immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between polymorphisms +874 region of IFN-Gama with occult hepatitis B infection.

In this study, the plasma samples of 3700 blood donors were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by ELISA. The HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples were selected and screened for HBV-DNA by PCR. HBV-DNA positive samples assigned as occult hepatitis B infection cases and ARMS-PCR technique were performed to examine the present polymorphisms in +874 region of IFN-Gama genes of patients with occult hepatitis B infection.

352 (9.51%) out of 3700 blood samples were negative for HBsAg and positive for anti-HBc antibody. HBV-DNA was detected in 57 (16.1%) of HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples. Our results showed that there was not any significant difference between patients and control group in polymorphisms in +874 region of IFN-Gama genes.

This study showed that there is not any significant difference between polymorphisms in +874 region with IFN-Gama occult hepatitis B infection.

According to age, history and physical examination findings, there are different diagnoses including anatomic lesions for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). In these conditions, hysteroscopy can be performed as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.

The aim of this study was defining the diagnostic value of hysteroscopy in evaluating uterine cavity in patients with AUB compared to pathologic findings.

This was a prospective descriptive-analytic study in which hysteroscopy was performed for 105 patients with AUB. The patients were in reproductive and perimenopausal (86.7%) or postmenopausal ages (13.3%).Hysteroscopy was done and biopsy was taken from any pathology. After removing of hysteroscope, dilatation and curettage were done. Both samples were sent for pathologist. At the end, reports of hysteroscopic findings were compared with pathologic results.

Diagnostic value of hysteroscopy in evaluation of uterine cavity showed 100% sensitivity, 80.5% specificity, 88.9% positive predictive value (PPV) and 100% negative predictive value (NPV). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the procedure for endometrial polyp were 93%, 100%, 100%, and 95.4%, respectively. These results were respectively 100%, 96.4%, 88% and 100% for submucosal myoma, and 25%, 89.7%, 12.5% and 93.3% for endometrial hyperplasia.

The results of this study show that hysteroscopy is a reliable method for evaluation of AUB, especially in benign lesions such as endometrial polyp and submucosal myoma and it can be used as the first line diagnostic method for these abnormalities. However hysteroscopy without directed biopsy has insufficient value for diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia.