s. a. alavi

The nuclear level density parameter is a vital quantity in nuclear physics. The nuclear level density parameter has been calculated using different methods. In this study, the LDA method calculated the single particle level density, and the nuclear level density parameter has been obtained as a function of temperature. Based on the Lestone method and based on the Thomas-Fermi approximation, the level density parameter has been calculated as the order of the next to Lestone results (corrected Lestone method). Using the calculated nuclear level density parameter and the pairing energy, the nuclear level density, excitation energy, entropy, and heat capacity have been determined.

We investigated the effects of different variables on cesium adsorption from aqueous solutions using a synthesized nanocomposite. The surfaces of synthesized spherical mesoporous silica were modified with potassium hexacyanoferrate and characterized by different techniques including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TGA, and BET/BJH. The response surface methodology based on the central composite design was used to optimize cesium ion adsorption conditions such as the effects of initial cesium concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH. The equilibrium concentration data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The isotherm studies showed that monolayer adsorption isotherm (Langmuir) is consistent with the experimental data. Based on kinetic studies, Blanchard's pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics model provides the best correlation of the experimental data. The initial concentration and pH were the most influential factors in cesium adsorption. The result showed the nanocomposite adsorbed cesium ions selectively even in the presence of high Na+, K+, and Sr2+ ions.

In the present study, a space thruster system type monopropellant has been modeled and designed so as to create a Five- Newton thrust force(propulsion) and specific impulse of 220 seconds, with the usage of adjusting motion or changing the position of the satellite. This model consists of two major parts including a catalytic reactor with hydrazine feed, 15% nickel catalyst based on gamma alumina and a convergent-divergent nozzle. The catalytic reactor model is a fixed bed, one-dimensional, steady state and adiabatic with heterogeneous decomposition reactions. The process functions by performing two heterogeneous decomposition reactions of hydrazine and ammonia and converting to light gases (hydrogen and nitrogen) with high temperatures. Subsequently, the thrust force will be obtained by the evolution of the gas from bed and nozzle. The catalyst is made up of wet impregnation method and the required characteristics are specified by quantitative, qualitative and thermal analysis tests. The outcomes of modelling include mass, energy, kinetic, physical and chemical variables in the space propulsion. It is also considered as one of the important advantages of designing the measurement and predicting the variables. So as to determine the performance and validity of the model, indicators such as the thrust force, specific impulse, bed pressure drop and the minimum of ammonia decomposition has been scrutinized with the same kinetic and operating conditions in the designing and experimental model (in atmospheric conditions and static). The obtained results are consistent and have been verified.

In this work, the surfaces of spherical mesoporous silica were modified with potassium copper hexacyanoferrate ([KCu(Fe(CN)6)]), then employed as a new ion exchanger nanocomposite to adsorb cesium ion from an aqueous solution. The materials have been characterized by Field EmissionScanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), and FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of contact time, pH, and initial concentration of the solution on adsorption efficiency were studied. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin's isotherm models analyzed the equilibrium concentration data. The data was in good agreement with the Langmuir model showing cesium adsorption process was a monolayer. The pseudo-second-order model was adequate to describe cesium uptake kinetic behavior, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity for the nanocomposite was 46/4 (mg/g).

Evaluating the quality of educational services in universities is a necessity to move towards excellence. Internal evaluation as the first step of the accreditation process leads to the identification of strengths and weaknesses and correction of processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal residency training course of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, determine the strengths and weaknesses of this department and present the results to the relevant authorities to eliminate the shortcomings.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the internal department of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The statistical population included all faculty members and residents of the internal department of Razi Educational and Medical Center of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (N=76). In this study, the accreditation model based on the standards of the World Federation of Medical Education (WFME) has been used for internal evaluation. Data collection tools were identified for each standard including questionnaire, observation and review of available documents. The designed questionnaires were administered through EPOLL platform after confirming the validity and reliability. Necessary information was also collected from observational data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS.

The findings of the present study showed that in the domain of mission and goals, residency training program of the internal department of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, was at 67% of the major compliance and 33% of full compliance. In the domain of managerial structure 100% full compliance, in the domain of educational process 55% of full compliance, and 45% of major compliance, in the domain of rules and regulations of the residency course 69% of full compliance and 31% of major compliance, in the domain of evaluation 89% full compliance and 11% of major compliance and in the domain of educational conditions and resources, 62% of full compliance and 38% of major compliance were observed. Overall, out of 52 standards reviewed in the process of internal evaluation of the internal medicine department, 67% were at full compliance and 33% were at major compliance.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that according to the mission and goals of the internal department, although with all its might has been relatively successful in training internal residents, but also has some shortcomings that by planning and eliminating of the identified deficiencies in this research we can make a qualitative leap in the training of internal residents.

We offer a method for solving the fractional optimal control problems of multi-dimensional. We obtain a fractional derivative and multiplication operational matrix for Mott polynomials (M-polynomials). In the proposed method, the Caputo sense of the fractional derivative is applied on dynamical system. The main feature of this method is to reduce the problem into a system of algebraic equations in order to simplify it. We also show that by increasing the approximation points, the responses converge to the real answer. When the degree of fractional derivative approaches to 1, then the obtained solution approaches to the classical solution as well.

In June 2018 , 537 residents of a rural area in Khuzestan Province presented to the regional Comprehensive Health Service Center for gastroenteritis symptoms. This study was designed to determine the extent and cause of the outbreak.

A case-control study was performed after random selection of the case and control groups (80 cases and 88 controls). Clinical and water samples were analyzed for parasitic, bacterial and viral pathogens in local, provincial and national laboratories. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the relationship between disease and exposure.

The odds ratio of rural plumbing water consumption as a risk factor was 3.3 (95% CI: 1.7-6.2). Using in vitro methods, Shigella sonnei was isolated in clinical samples and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were isolated from both clinical samples and water samples taken from the intake basin of water supply facilities.

Consumption of rural plumbing water Since 26 June 2018 as well as the water stored in domestic tanks at certain water-shut-off times is associated with gastroenteritis outbreak. To prevent similar outbreaks, continuous chlorination of drinking water during distribution through rural pipelines should be done. To prevent secondary outbreaks after the epidemic phase, educating and informing people about personal hygiene is essential.

In this paper the  beta decay of  Sc40  has been investigated. Using the eigenfunctions of the spherical oscillator the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions  of the Woods-Saxon potential with spin-orbit and Coulomb terms have been calculated. In order to obtain the more realistic nuclear wave functions, the surface delta interaction potential has been used as the residual interaction between the valence nucleons in the frame work of Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) in the case of Ca40  and particle-hole Tamm-Dancoff approximation (pnTDA) in the case of Sc40 . The potential constants have been obtained by fitting the results with the experimental data. The half-life and transition probability of positive beta decay of   Sc40 have been calculated. Good greement with the   experimental data was observed.

Cavitation is among the most complicated and common damages of spillway structures. This phenomenon is controlled by different parameters including the pressure, flow velocity, spillway surface material, operation time, and air flow content. The cavitation index is calculated along the spillway and compared with its critical value using the measured values of the flow’s hydraulic parameters. The high cost of experimental models for determining hydraulic parameters, the time required for developing experimental models, and the ever-increasing capabilities of computational fluid mechanics (CFD) models have led to the use of numerical simulation in the flow analyses. The present study employs ANSYS FLUENT to simulate the flow on the spillway of Aydoghmush Dam (Iran), calculate flow parameters, and determine the cavitation index at the flow rates of 35, 800, 1500, and 1850 m3/s. The standard k-ε equations were applied to model the turbulent flow, while the volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to determine the flow’s free surface profile. The results showed acceptable consistency between the FLUENT and physical model results. It was also found that cavitation did not occur at any of the flow rates.

A large part of the housing future of vulnerable segments is affected by large factors that can not be controlled by municipalities or other decision-making bodies in the housing sector. Therefore, it is imperative that institutions involved in providing housing for low-income groups, instead of trying to anticipate and control the future, prepare themselves for the future of economic, social, political, technological and other developments that are the first step in this direction. Developing future housing scenarios for vulnerable populations.

In this research, using this method, we try to draw a reasonable and believable future (scenarios) for low-income housing, helping planners find the best solutions to solve this problem. After reviewing the theoretical foundations, a series of influential impacts on the future of the Tehran metropolitan area were identified and examined based on the cross-impact analysis method.

According to the results of cross-impact analyzes of four drivers, the status of land policy, urban poverty, per capita income and population growth were among the key drivers. In the meantime, the growth rate of per capita income is reflected in the fact that it directly affects urban poverty and somehow represents it, and is expressed in terms of urban poverty.

Accordingly, the framework of the scenarios is 3 uncertainties: 1. The urban poverty status of the Tehran metropolis. 2. The population growth rate of the Tehran metropolis. 2. Attitudes of the land. Forms the land management style. Based on 3 proponents and 8 possible scenarios, the third scenario and the eighth scenario, due to the contradiction between the simultaneous occurrence of decentralization from Tehran and the increase in the population growth rate, were internalized and eliminated. Also, the fifth and seventh scenarios, due to the contradiction between continuity of concentration in Tehran and the decline in population growth rate, were internal incompatibility and were removed from the list of scenarios. Thus, 4 scenarios remained, and scenario scenarios were presented for each of the scenarios.

In this research, seismic wave scattering from a 3D canyon, considering the longitudinal changes of its cross section, is investigated using the parameter called as widening ratio. For this purpose three dimensional boundary element method is used and a special code in Fortran is developed to perform the seismic wave scattering analysis from arbitrary cross section canyon. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis is carried out to indicate the effects of the widening ratio on the patterns of the seismic wave's diffraction. The effects of wave characteristics including, frequency, type, direction of incident wave are investigated. The results are compared to the results of the prismatic canyon. The results indicates that the widening ratio has significant effects on the scattering pattern and therefore assuming prismatic canyon such as considered in the conventional analysis may lead to the significant errors in the estimation of seismic responses. It is shown that this effects is strongly depending on the frequency content of the seismic waves.

Bronchoscopy is an indispensable tool for patient airway management for diagnosing and therapeutic goals , however the acquisition of sufficient training because of technical and ethical reasons is challenging Several methods have been used to teaching this technique to assistants. In this study, the effectiveness of web based bronchoscopy simulator on tracheobronchial anatomic knowledge of anesthesia assistants was evaluated.
Material and This quasi-experimental study was performed on 28 anesthesia assistants of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Assistants randomly were divided into two traditional (14 numbers) and web based bronchoscopy simulator (14 numbers) groups. At the first, pre test including 15 tests, had been taken from both groups. Then according to the groups, the necessary training were given and again, the test was taken from both groups. Demographic variables (age, sex, educational grade), pre and post test score was recorded. All data were entered and analyzed by Spss software with paired t-test and Independent t-test.
There was no statistically significant differences in variables such as age, sex and educational level between two groups. The mean and standard deviation of pre- test in control group was 55.38±17.82 and in simulator group was 66.33±13.71 (p=0/280).But in the post-test score, the mean and standard deviation has been elevated in control group to 90.83±10.84 and in simulator group to 119.17±14.43(p
Based on the result of this study, using web based bronchoscopy simulation, increases trachea-bronchial anatomy knowledge and lead to improve bronchoscopy skills of assisstants.

Today, travel demand modeling techniques and use of new knowledge, an important part of transportation engineering and traffic planning in urban transportation within the accounts is, So that in recent years using modern scientific techniques and promising results have come at too. The key question now is the paper where the models of travel demand characteristics have what has been, and to obtain the actual amount of travel demand forecasting and its effect on traffic flow and reduce the necessary adjustment has? To answer this question of the scientific method combined Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and multivariate linear regression analysis for spatial modeling of demand in the area 6 of Tehran has been used. The final results indicate that the variable (C3), i.e. 14.23 percent of the population of the region with the highest degree of correlation coefficient with the dependent variable in the model has been, fret the commercial user variables (C16) with 11.9-percent ratio and the number of employees working in the region 3.10 - percent respectively second and third parameters of the model are, Order through the multivariate linear regression equations obtained. The variable number of units Business region (C11) with a coefficient of -0.008930 per cent minimum impact on travel demand modeling has shown that spatial. So for testing, evaluation and final results of modeling spatial Validity travel demand, the criteria for test, The criteria for testing, fitness model results and comparison with results of existing models of multivariate regression analysis technique is derived. Final results were used criteria value (R2 = 0.73415936), ((MARE = 78.628), (RMSE = 1.43) percent is derived. According to the results, model where travel demand capabilities required for calculating the actual amount of travel demand for transportation within the city and its effect on traffic flow and decrease predicted in the study area has enjoyed.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. As there is systemic as well as local inflammation in COPD patients and evaluating the stage of the disease is not possible by spirometery alone, we evaluated High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (HS-CRP) in a group of COPD patients as an available and cost effective auxiliary marker in determining COPD stages. In a cross-sectional study in 160 COPD patients who were admitted for exacerbations in Razi Hospital in Rasht, Data on patient's demographic characteristics, pulmonary function test (PFT) and laboratory results consist of arterial blood gases and HSCRP levels were analyzed. A significant positive correlation was seen between serum HSCRP level and stages of the disease (as GOLD criteria). There was a significant relationship between HSCRP level and patient's sex, BMI, and smoking history in a way that men and smokers showed higher and patients with normal BMI showed lower HSCRP levels. The patients with higher PCO2 also showed a higher level of serum HSCRP. This survey supports the role of HSCRP as a simple auxiliary marker in staging and determining the prognosis of COPD for early management.

As ketamine hydrochloride and acepromazine is commonly used in anaesthesia of hamster and hypothermia isthe most dangerous side effect of this type of anaesthesia, it seems necessary to find a preventive method. Todayapplication of thermal pad as a physical method to increase body temperature is recommended in many referencesreferences. Thermal pad as a physical intermediate in increasing the body temperature has problems and complications, hyperthermia induced by continuous monitoring of the body temperature during anaesthesia, increasing thechance of bleeding from the surgical region and inability to sterilize thermal pads are among these side effects.In this study the effect of injection of dexamethasone was compared with thermal pad. So we provided 18 goldenmale hamster 6 month age with average weight of 150+_30 grams andThey were randomly divided into 3 groups. 1st group (control): body temperature without using dexamethasoneand thermal pad was recorded after anaesthesia. 2nd group (thermal pad): during induction of anaesthesia hamsters was placed on thermal pad. 3rd group (dexamethasone): simultaneously with injection of anaesthetic drugsdexamethasone was administered and body temperature was recorded after 10 minuets of induction of anaesthesia.Statistical study of data showed that the hypothermia diminished in the 3rd group slightly, but there is clear difference between body temperature before and after anaesthesia. In the 3rd group there was not a cleared differencebetween body temperature before and after the anaesthesia.

Osteoporosis is a life threatening disease. One of the important etiologies of osteoporosis is low calcium intake from daily dietary intakes, making calcium salt administration in pharmacological form or as a food additive highly recommendable as a protective mechanism againt this disease, especially in women. Calcium acetate is a water soluble agent whereas calcium carbonate (which is routinely used in pharmacological forms of calcium salts) is not easily dissolved in water hence we decided to compare the bioavailability of calcium carbonate to that of calcium acetate. During a clinical trial study, 20 normal female volunteers with the appropriate inclusion criteria were enrolled. On the day of study, fasting urine specimens were collected from all subjects, and 2 hours after a meal, a solution of calcium carbonate was administered to all participants and then, again, urine specimens were collected after 4 hours. After a 10 day washout period, this test was repeated with calcium acetate. The results were analyzed with paired t test. The mean increase in urine calcium was 38.55 ± 6.1 mg and 36.33 ± 6.14 mg after administration of calcium carbonate or calcium acetate respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between calcium absorption from calcium carbonate and calcium acetate. Regarding the beneficial effects of calcium acetate as a soluble salt, in comparison with calcium carbonate and based on the results of this study indicating the similarity in calcium absorption from these two salts, calcium acetate can be administered as an appropriate substance for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Indeed it can be used in enriching the liquid comestibles.