فهرست مطالب s.n. mousavi

The duality of agency-structure regarding collective hypocritical behavior among Iranians has long been the subject of debate and controversy. In the meantime, some agency and others have considered the existing structure in the society as the main cause of this misbehavior. The current research aims to deeply investigate the causes of hypocritical behavior and provide a model to rectify it by focusing on the institution of education. The approach of qualitative and interdisciplinary research has been using data from sociology, psychology, law, literature, political science, international relations, etc. Data coding continued until theoretical saturation using the theme analysis method. The main categories are identified in the section on the cause of hypocritical behavior under the domination of the Giddens structure-action meta-theory. This theory considers the social norm as the result of agency-structure action. Doing so, oversimplification of hypocritical behavior, the negation of individuality, and historical determinism for the category of agency and state (organizational) monopoly, authoritarianism, the use of religion as a tool, and the autocracy of some managers, placing tradition against modernity and a sense of social despair against existing injustices emerged for the category of structure. Based on the requirements and limitations of the education proposal, meanwhile observing the theory of boundary actors, the categories of implementing the principle of meritocracy, and allocating competent resources, inserting the courses of moral philosophy and human rights in the curriculum, creating space for expert psychologists, trying to restore social capital, using every opportunity to create the context of modernity, implementing knowledge management, and consensus building in carrying out efficient civil action was also emerged as alternatives.

Date palm is one of the important crops mainly grown in the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa as well as in the southern warm and dry areas in Iran. One of the most important factors that reduces the quality and commercial value of date fruit is sunburn disorder during fruit growth and development. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate the effect of kraft paper, black, white, and blue cloth, green greenhouse netting, straw bag, and without bag (control) at the khalal stage on the ripening rate and sunburn incidence of cv. Medjool using randomized complete block design with eight replication in in Umm al Tameir research station, date palm and tropical fruits research, Ahvaz, in 2020 and 2021. The bags' ends were open and remained on the trees until harvest. The results showed that the bunch weight, the kimiri, khalal and date fruits proportions were affected by year. In 2021, average bunch weight (5.83 kg), kimiri percentage (8.6%) and khalal percentage (28%) were more than 2020, while in 2020 the percentage of date fruits (10.48%) was more than 2021. The rate of kimiri at harvest was lower in black cloth than in others bags. In 2020, bunch bagging with green greenhouse netting, white cloth, and kraft paper increased rutab rate by 9.81%, 12.99% and 11.37%, respectively, as compared to control. Bagging did not affect fruit size and weight. All kind of bags decreased the incidence of sunburn disorder. Kraft paper bag significantly decreased the percentage of dried fruits to 6.78% as compared to control with 9.93%. The rate of fruit decay was not affected by bagging. Considering the results of this research, it was concluded that black and white cloth bags were more effective in reducing sunburn disorder and fruit decay rate of palm date fruit cv. Medjool.

the effects of reducing subsidies allocatedto the agricultural sector in the form of a general equilibrium model on economic and environmental variables were evaluated.In this regard, the reduction of subsidies in the agricultural sector was considered at5levels.The results showed that subsidy reform in the agricultural sector will reduce agricultural production and increase prices,reduce the final demand for agricultural products,especially basic products for households,and therefore endanger food security.moving towards the last scenario,ie an80%reduction in subsidies in the agricultural sector, the percentage reduction in real government expenditures is estimated at-5.87%The results show the highest decrease in production is relatedto wheat and the lowest is related to barley.by applying the desired scenarios,the fisheries sector experiences a decrease in production more than other livestock,forest and rangeland sectors.Thus,with a10%reduction in subsidies in the agricultural sector, the rate of reduction in the production of livestock,fisheries,forestry and rangeland products has been estimated at-2.4%,-10.4%and-8%respectively.Implementing the policy of reducing subsidies allocatedto the agricultural sector reduces the level of domestic production and,consequently,increases the price of agricultural products and ultimately reduces the final demand for agricultural products.the reduction of subsidies in the agricultural sector in the future will leadto a reduction in environmental pollution.the reduction in CO2production in the first scenario was equalto-0.92percent and in the fifth scenario was-22.90percent.Given the needto review the subsidy payment system,the implementation of the policy of reducing subsidies to agricultural inputs shouldbe done gradually and with optimal combination and simultaneous implementation of several policy tools appropriate to the production structure and market structure of each product.

The factors influencing the development of research-oriented education at AJA Officers' Universities(Case study: Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense University)AbstractThe purpose of this research is explain the factors affecting the development of research-oriented education in AJA officers' universities. In this research, a combination of interview and questionnaire is used, so this research is mixed. The statistical population of this study is professors and senior and middle managers of Khatam al-Anbiya Air Defense University. According to the purpose of the research, purposeful sampling method was used and 45 people were selected as the sample. After interviewing with experts, 18 factors affecting the development of research-oriented education in AJA officers' universities were identified Which follows the research prioritized using a fuzzy Delphi approach. The results of this study showed that the components of student-centered, indirect education, Auditory and visual training, problem-based learning method and exploratory learning method, Utilization of workshops, laboratories and Educational Emphasis on Research, Strengthen students' insight, search, experiment and research insight, stimulate critical thinking in them and the existence of research space play a greater role in the development of research-oriented education at AJA officers' universities.

Nowadays, considering the crises in the fisheries industry and especially shrimp fishery, the need to make decisions taking into account the stakeholder (STKH) groups is of great importance. Given designing a goal model with a multi-criteria decision-making approach, in addition to considering the varied and conflicting goals of the shrimp fishery groups in the Dayyer Port, the present study provides the best possible balance by providing some measures in the number of fishing days and number of fishing vessels in the two short- and long-term scenarios. The first finding indicates that maintaining the current activity level of fishery industry is a top priority for all STKH groups. Moreover, in the short-term scenario, despite the decrease in the volume of profit gained from hiring and employing process approximately by 4%, employee safety will increase by approximately 1% and bycatch will decrease by 14%. In the second scenario, although the gained profit from the catch will reduce safety, employment and maintenance of the fisheries current activity levels by 6%, 9%, 7% and 16%, respectively, the bycatch will be significantly reduced by 32%, thereby creating a good balance among the STKH groups.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual leadership and psychological capital and work spirituality in order to achieve work ethic in the organization.

This research is correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive information. The statistical population of the study is 250 employees of the commercial office and the chamber of commerce of Khorramabad city. Using Cochranchr('39')s formula and random sampling method, a sample class of 151 people was selected. The research tool was a standard questionnaire whose validity was tested using content validity method and its reliability was tested through Cronbachchr('39')s alpha. In this research, the structural equation modeling approach and Amos and SPSS software have been used to analyze the data.

The results of the study consist of seven hypotheses that all hypotheses have been confirmed at 95% error level. The results indicate that managers and organizational leaders by inducing a sense of hope, faith and insight into the employees of the organization can influence peoplechr('39')s beliefs in their abilities to achieve success (psychological capital) and through this context provide work ethics in the organization.

The results show that managers and leaders of organizations can improve the level of spirituality at work by using internal motivation and inspiring inspiring spirituality and thus pave the way for proper work ethic in the organization.

In the present study, the flow pressure fluctuations have been measured on the bed of the USBR Type II stilling basin downstream of an Ogee spillway using pressure transducers. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume under different flow conditions. In addition, the pressure field in submerged hydraulic jumps was investigated to help better understanding the energy dissipation process and optimum designing the stilling basins. Using the dimensionless parameters, the submergence effect on the longitudinal distribution of the mean pressure and the pressure fluctuations intensity were evaluated. Pressure data acquisition was conducted for different incident Froude numbers (Fr1), ranged from 6.4 to 8.3, and submergence factors (S) in the range of 1 to 1.4. Based on the dimensional analysis, the values of the intensity coefficient of pressure fluctuations (CʹP) were a function of parameters of Fr1, S and the relative distance from the beginning of the basin (X/Y1). The results showed that the maximum values of CʹP coefficient for the Type II stilling basin decreased around 30% compared to the smooth basins. The mean values of CʹP in submerged jumps decreased around 25% compared to the free jumps at the downstream zone of the stilling basin (X/Y1>10).

The present paper aims to determine the effects of various scenarios of green tax burden on pollution dispersion and multiple macro-economic variables such as GDP along with welfare and inflation. In addition, the effects of technical progress on major pollutant industries such as coal, oil and gas were evaluated. For this purpose general multiregional equilibrium method (GTAP-E) was used. The results of the study indicated that under low tax rate scenario, GDP remained unchanged. Increase in the carbon tax rate would not followed by increase in GDP. Energy consumption and social welfare increased but inflation decreased. Furthermore, increase in efficiency along with advance technology caused reduction in dispersion of environmental pollutants along with GDP growth and consequent increase in government tax revenue.

The present study is an attempt to examine the psychological processes of noticing, retrieval, and generation and their possible contribution to the process of vocabulary learning and retention among intermediate students. The research method was experimental. Ninety intermediate students were randomly assigned to three groups, namely Noticing through Input enhancement (n=30), Input Enhancement plus Input-Based Reviewing (n=30), and Input Enhancement plus Output-Based Reviewing (n=30). The target Academic Words were contextualized in Focus on Vocabulary 2: Mastering the Academic Word List (Schmitt, Schmitt, & Mann, 2011). A pretest composed of the VKS items was administered to the participants. The first group encountered the target words that have been already highlighted to absorb their attention. Encountering the already highlighted words, the second group reviewed the words through researcher-made word cards. The third group, besides encountering the already highlighted words, reviewed the words through paraphrasing the sentences including the target words. One week after the last treatment session, an immediate posttest, and after two weeks, a delayed posttest were administered. Based on the results of Friedman’s ANOVAs, subsequent Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests, and Kruskal Wallis Tests, it was revealed that noticing without any intervention has no significant effect on vocabulary learning and retention. It was also found that both types of input-based and output-based reviewing have positive effect on vocabulary learning and retention and their effects are not significantly different.

The main objective of the poultry housing and equipment is to provide the optimum condition for birds to achieve their maximum genetic potential. In Iranian poultry industry, most of older houses are smaller buildings without proper ventilation, heating, insulation, equipment and automation systems. This has led to an increase in energy consumption and poor performance and low efficiency of commercial poultry operations. Due to the low price of fuel and electricity in Iran, little attention has been paid to control energy consumption. One of the problems of most poultry houses in the country is the lack of minimum ventilation system or its inappropriate application. This issue, in addition to problems in controlling the environmental conditions of the houses, has led to an increase in fuel consumption. The tunnel ventilation system, due to its ability to generate high air velocity in hot weather, especially in humid areas, is more useful than other types of ventilation. However, surveys show that in most poultry houses, the air velocity is below optimum. Similar to other parts of the world, many new poultry houses are being built larger. Although larger houses increase efficiency and reduce production costs, their successful use depends on factors such as engineering considerations during construction and on properly designed and installed heating and ventilation systems. With the increase in fuel and labor costs and the introduction of modern poultry production systems and government support, the process of retrofitting and improvement of the poultry houses is evident.

The compound arched circular-trapezoidal sharp-crested weirs are combinations of a circular arch notch at the bottom part and a trapezoidal notch at the top of the cross section. In this research, the discharge coefficient (Cd) of compound arched circular-trapezoidal sharp-crested was investigated. The experiments were conducted on weirs having the crest width of 15 cm, crest height of 15, 20, 25 cm and circular arch notch height of 5, 7.5 cm with different curve radii and the side walls slope of 0.5 (0.5H:1V) in a laboratory flume. The results indicated that the amount of discharge coefficient was in the range of 0.56 to 0.81. For a given hydraulic head, the amount of Cd is reduced approximately up to 5% by increasing the height of weir crest. In addition, for a given hydraulic head, by changing the height of circular arch notch, the amount of Cd for the compound arched circular-trapezoidal sharp-crested weirs increased about 25 to 30 percent with respect to the trapezoidal weirs. According to the root mean square error (RMSE) with value of 0.0563, the amount of Cd for the compound arched circular-trapezoidal weirs was estimated with acceptable accuracy, using a linear combination of the discharge relationships of circular and trapezoidal weirs. In this research, the discharge continuity over the compound weir for the various hydraulic heads was examined using the experimental data. The results showed that the least amount of discontinuity could be seen in the wide range of discharges.

There are various levels of agriculture development in different areas. So, there would be a heterogeneous case in order to observe such an event. This case might not lead to study and evaluate all the processes of development completely. The first step in planning and developing agriculture cases is to analyse the facilities and to recognize the potentials. So, this paper aims to determine the level of agricultural development in Fars cities by using numerical taxonomy method. Ten main agriculture indexes have been used. The statistics and data were taken from Fars agriculture database and annual statistics from 2003-2007. It can be derived from the study that some cities like Khorambid, Arsenjan, Mohr and Sepidan have developed remarkably in comparison with other cities. Besides, Kazeron, Lamerd, Ghir-o-karzin are placed in a lower rank of development except Farashband that is omitted from this list for being heterogeneous. Finally, some solutions have been suggested to develop various parts of Fars in order to develop agriculture.

In present study, it has been studied to oprimize culture pattern in water consumption reduction and increase in income by use of collected data from KAZEROON agriculture organization and forign commercial statistical annals and use of linear planning model due to simplicity and lts application, and to apply in water resources management. The purpose of this study had been to edit one planning model about water resources in order to determine suitable culture pattern, to optimum utilize superficial and underground water resources, and how to devote water between cultivar plants, so that it is minimized the bad effects of drought. It was used this model to determine optimum culture combination- the most suitable utilization pattern from existing resources- and to optimume devot it between various plants and at tast the benefit resulting from cultivation by using linear planning model and by choosing target function and existing constraints introduction. This model was performed for five five-years periods regarding gradual changes. Generally, the obtained results showed that changes in culture pattern with respect to reduce harvest from under-ground water resources have increasingly trend about resulting net incomes. So that, it has reached from $ 405 billion in 2011 to $ 453 billon in2031. the use of culture optimum pattern had been effective, so that 17.5 percent of rural people locate above pouerty line using culture optimum pattern. These could be suitable strategies to increase in function and decrease in production expenses for culture efficacity in kazeroon region.

The perilous status of production in the agriculture sector has always been a source of concern for the farmers with regard to their income and, meanwhile, insurance has often been considers as a guarantee for preventing any hindrance in the production process and a tool to minimize risk and promote the idea for investment in this sector. In line with this, the present study has been conducted with an aim to identify factors effective in accepting agriculture insurance by wheat cultivators in Sistan region. The required data were collected through application of categorized random sampling for insured and non-insured wheat cultivators and completion of a questionnaire, based on personal interviews, in 2008-2009. Later, through utilization of Logit model factors effective in this regard were analyzed. Results showed that variables such as education, work record and family size had positive influence on demand for insuring wheat output, whereas variables such as area under cultivation, extent of relationship with agricultural promoters and age of the cultivators had negative impact. Although in recent years 80% of the premium was paid by the government, however, the drought affected region, lack of access to small wells and unawareness of the time of selling insurance policy, were among main factors impeding wheat cultivators to welcome insurance. Meanwhile, assigning the rural cooperative as the insurance agent, making wheat insurance compulsory and timely payment of indemnities by the Agriculture Insurance Fund could be cited as proper mechanisms for boosting demand.